Application and Prospect of Mixed Reality Technology in Medical Field

Mixed reality(MR)technology is a new digital holographic image technology,which appears in the field of graphics after virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technology,a new interdisciplinary frontier.As a new generation of technology,MR has attracted great attention of clinicians in recent years.The emergence of MR will bring about revolutionary changes in medical education training,medical research,medical communication,and clinical treatment.At present,MR technology has become the popular frontline information technology for medical applications.With the popularization of digital technology in the medical field,the development prospects of MR are inestimable.The purpose of this review article is to introduce the application of MR technology in the medical field and prospect its trend in the future.

Application of the Guiding Template Designed by Three-dimensional Printing Data for the Insertion of Sacroiliac Screws:a New Clinical Technique

This study is aimed to explore the clinical application of the guiding template designed by three-dimensional printing data for the insertion of sacroiliac screws.A retrospective study of 7 cases (from July 2016 to December 2016),in which the guiding template printed by the three-dimensional printing technique was used for the insertion of sacroiliac screws of patients with posterior ring injuries of pelvis,was performed.Totally,4 males and 3 females were included in template group,aged from 38to 65years old (mean 50.86±8.90).Of them,5 had sacral fractures (3 with Denis type Ⅰ and 2 with type Ⅱ)and 2 the separation of sacroiliac joint.Guiding templates were firstly made by the three-dimensional printing technique based on the pre-operative CT data. Surgical operations for the stabilization of pelvic ring by applying the guiding templates were carried out.A group of 8 patients with sacroiliac injuries treated by percutaneous sacroiliac screws were analyzed as a control group retrospectively.The time of each screw insertion,volume of intra-operative blood loss,and the exposure to X ray were analyzed and the Matta's radiological criteria were used to evaluate the reduction quality.The Majeed score was used to evaluate postoperative living quality.The visual analogue scale (VAS)was applied at different time points to judge pain relief of coccydynia.All the 7 patients in the template group were closely followed up radiographically and clinically for 14 to 20 months,mean (16.57±2.44)months.Totally 9 sacroiliac screws for the S 1 and S2 vertebra were inserted in the 7 patients.The time length for each screw insertion ranged from 450 to 870 s,mean (690.56±135.68)s,and the number of times of exposure to X ray were 4 to 8,mean (5.78±1.20).The intra-operative blood loss ranged from 45to 120 mL,mean (75±23.32)mL.According to Matta's radiology criteria,the fracture and dislocation reduction were excellent in 6cases and good in 1.The pre-operative VAS score ranged from 5.2 to 8.1,mean (7.13±1.00).The average one-week/six-month post-operative VAS was (5.33±0.78)and (1.33±0.66),respectively (P<0.05 when compared with pre-operative VAS).The 12-month post-operative Majeed score ranged from 86 to 92,mean (90.29±2.21).The three-dimensional printed guiding template for sacroiliac screw insertion,which could significantly shorten the operation time,provide a satisfied outcome of the stabilization of the pelvic ring,and protect doctors and patients from X-ray exposure,might be a practical and valuable new clinical technique.

Application of Finite Element Analysis for Investigation of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration:from Laboratory to Clinic

Due to the ethical concern and inability to detect inner stress distributions of intervertebral disc(IVD),traditional methods for investigation of intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)have significant limitations.Many researchers have demonstrated that finite element analysis(FEA)is an effective tool for the research of IVDD.However,the specific application of FEA for investigation of IVDD has not been systematically elucidated before.In the present review,we summarize the current finite element models(FEM)used for the investigation of IVDD,including the poroelastic non linear FEM,difTusive-reactive theory model and cell-activity coupled mechano-electrochemical theory model.We further elaborate the use of FEA for the research of IVDD pathogenesis especially for nutrition and biomechanics associated etiology,and the biological,biomechanical and clinical influences of IVDD.In addition,the application of FEA for evaluation and exploration of various treatments for IVDD is also elucidated.We conclude that FEA is an excellent technique for research of IVDD,which could be used to explore the etiology,biology and biomechanics of IVDD.In the future,FEA may help us to achieve the goal of individualized precision therapy.

Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fracture with incomplete lower limb paralysis in a patient with COVID-19

Since December 2019,COVID-19,an acute infectious disease,has gradually become a global threat.We report a case of thoracolumbar fractures(T12 and L1)and incomplete lower limb paralysis in a patient with COVID-19.After a series of conservative treatment which did not work at all,posterior open reduction and pedicle screw internal fixation of the thoracolumbar fracture were performed in Wuhan Union Hospital.Three weeks later,the patient could stand up and the pneumonia is almost cured.We successfully performed a surgery in a COVID-19 patient,and to our knowledge it is the first operation for a COVID-19 patient ever reported.

Expert consensus on management principles of orthopedic emergency in the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019

Since December 2019,many patients in Wuhan sustained pneumonia with unknown causes.[1,2]A part of severe patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome or septic shock,and even death.On January 7,2020,Chinese researchers have for the first time detected a new coronavirus.On January 20,2020,the National Health Commission issued Announcement No.1 of 2020,which included the new coronavirus pneumonia as a Class B infectious disease,and conducted epidemic prevention and control according to the Class A infectious disease.This new kind of pneumonia has been named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The sixth edition of"Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for New Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia"points out that the main transmission routes include respiratory droplets and close contact transmission.There is a possibility of aerosol transmission in a relatively closed environment with prolonged exposure to high concentrations of aerosol.New coronavirus pneumonia has a certain incubation period.