Government macro-control through various policies is an important way to mitigate air pollution and greenhouse gases.Therefore,environmental tax is used worldwide as an important measure.However,few studies have consi...Government macro-control through various policies is an important way to mitigate air pollution and greenhouse gases.Therefore,environmental tax is used worldwide as an important measure.However,few studies have considered the interaction between carbon and environmental protection taxes.Additionally,different sectors differ in their energy structure,pollution emission intensity,and economic status,and previous studies rarely proposed differentiated environmental tax rates based at the sectoral level.A model framework combining the computable general equilibrium(CGE)model and Bayesian optimization(BO)algorithm is proposed to maximize GDP,meet environmental planning objectives,and explore the optimal environmental taxation scheme to realize the multi-objective optimization of the economy and environment.Meanwhile,this study compares the different impact mechanisms of environmental protection tax and carbon tax.It discusses the impacts of differentiated environmental tax rates in different sectors on the environment and economy.For example,the results show that the coordinated implementation of environmental protection and carbon tax policies and the sectoral differentiated environmental tax rates in China could better balance economic development and environmental governance.Additionally,the optimal taxation scheme could mitigate air pollution and greenhouse gases,promote economic growth,and realize sustainable economic and environmental development.Furthermore,the optimized taxation scheme positively affects the energy and industrial structures.展开更多
Energy use is becoming more efficient due to technological innovations.We focused on the transportation sector in China to develop a national multisector computable general equilibrium(CGE)model for analyzing the rebo...Energy use is becoming more efficient due to technological innovations.We focused on the transportation sector in China to develop a national multisector computable general equilibrium(CGE)model for analyzing the rebound effect from an improvement of 10%in the energy efficiency.We compared the size of the energy rebound effect at both the macroeconomic and sectoral levels in different transportation modal subsectors,namely rail,road,water,and air travel.The findings showed that the magnitude of the rebound effect varies across the transportation modes.This is particularly true for the air transportation sector,which has an economy-wide rebound effect of 30.1%and an own-sector rebound effect of 74.6%because of a sharp increase in the export demand for air transport services.We also quantitatively evaluated the contribution of energy efficiency improvement in the transportation sector to China’s economic growth and carbon reductions and found a positive dividend effect on the economy as well as the environment.The modeling results suggest that improving overall transportation energy efficiency by 10%generates an economy-wide welfare gain of approximately 29 billion yuan,while 19 billion yuan are attributable to a more efficient road transportation subsector.Furthermore,to offset the effects of these mode-specific rebound effects,we simulated the effectiveness of different policies and solutions.These included economic instruments in the form of energy,environmental,and carbon taxes,household transport consumption structure adjustments,and energy structure adjustments.This study revealed that combining these sustainable development policies offers opportunities for economy-wide multisectoral improvements in energy savings,emissions reduction,and economic benefits.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72242105)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0208700 and2022YFE0208500)the Norwegian Research Council(287690/F20)。
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0213600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71834004)+1 种基金MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(Grant No.21YJC630014)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M692568)for its financial support.
文摘Government macro-control through various policies is an important way to mitigate air pollution and greenhouse gases.Therefore,environmental tax is used worldwide as an important measure.However,few studies have considered the interaction between carbon and environmental protection taxes.Additionally,different sectors differ in their energy structure,pollution emission intensity,and economic status,and previous studies rarely proposed differentiated environmental tax rates based at the sectoral level.A model framework combining the computable general equilibrium(CGE)model and Bayesian optimization(BO)algorithm is proposed to maximize GDP,meet environmental planning objectives,and explore the optimal environmental taxation scheme to realize the multi-objective optimization of the economy and environment.Meanwhile,this study compares the different impact mechanisms of environmental protection tax and carbon tax.It discusses the impacts of differentiated environmental tax rates in different sectors on the environment and economy.For example,the results show that the coordinated implementation of environmental protection and carbon tax policies and the sectoral differentiated environmental tax rates in China could better balance economic development and environmental governance.Additionally,the optimal taxation scheme could mitigate air pollution and greenhouse gases,promote economic growth,and realize sustainable economic and environmental development.Furthermore,the optimized taxation scheme positively affects the energy and industrial structures.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project of China(No.2018YFC0213600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71834004,71431005,71673198,71273185 and 41571522)
文摘Energy use is becoming more efficient due to technological innovations.We focused on the transportation sector in China to develop a national multisector computable general equilibrium(CGE)model for analyzing the rebound effect from an improvement of 10%in the energy efficiency.We compared the size of the energy rebound effect at both the macroeconomic and sectoral levels in different transportation modal subsectors,namely rail,road,water,and air travel.The findings showed that the magnitude of the rebound effect varies across the transportation modes.This is particularly true for the air transportation sector,which has an economy-wide rebound effect of 30.1%and an own-sector rebound effect of 74.6%because of a sharp increase in the export demand for air transport services.We also quantitatively evaluated the contribution of energy efficiency improvement in the transportation sector to China’s economic growth and carbon reductions and found a positive dividend effect on the economy as well as the environment.The modeling results suggest that improving overall transportation energy efficiency by 10%generates an economy-wide welfare gain of approximately 29 billion yuan,while 19 billion yuan are attributable to a more efficient road transportation subsector.Furthermore,to offset the effects of these mode-specific rebound effects,we simulated the effectiveness of different policies and solutions.These included economic instruments in the form of energy,environmental,and carbon taxes,household transport consumption structure adjustments,and energy structure adjustments.This study revealed that combining these sustainable development policies offers opportunities for economy-wide multisectoral improvements in energy savings,emissions reduction,and economic benefits.
