Cornus officinalis with high pressure wine steaming enhanced anti-hepatic fibrosis: Possible through SIRT3-AMPK axis

Cornus officinalis,a medicinal and edible plant known for its liver-nourishing properties,has shown promise in inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),crucial indicators of hepatic fibrosis,especially when processed by high pressure wine steaming(HPWS).Herein,this study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of cornus officinalis,both in its raw and HPWS forms,on inflammation and apoptosis in liver fibrosis and their underlying mechanisms.In vivo liver fibrosis models were established by subcutaneous injection of CCl4,while in vitro HSCs were exposed to transforming growth factor-b(TGF-b).These findings demonstrated that cornus officinalis with HPWS conspicuously ameliorated histopathological injury,reduced the release of proinflammatory factors,and decreased collagen deposition in CCl4-induced rats compared to its raw form.Utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)combined with network analysis,we identified that the pharmacological effects of the changed components of cornus officinalis before and after HPWS,primarily centered on the adenosine phosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway.Of note,cornus officinalis activated AMPK and sirtuin 3(SIRT3),promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs through the caspase cascade by regulating caspase3,caspase6 and caspase9.small interfering RNA(siRNA)experiments showed that cornus officinalis could regulate AMPK activity and its mediated-apoptosis through SIRT3.In conclusion,cornus officinalis exhibited the ability to reduce inflammation and apoptosis,with the SIRT3-AMPK signaling pathway identified as a potential mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of cornus officinalis with HPWS on anti-liver fibrosis.

Noise canceled graphene-microcavity fiber laser sensor for ultrasensitive gas detection

Optical microcavities offer a promising platform for highly efficient light–matter interactions.Recently,the combination of microresonators and 2D materials in the nanoscale has further enriched the optoelectronics of microcavity geometries,spurring broad advances including lasers,nonlinear converters,modulators,and sensors.Here,we report the concept of compact dual-laser cogeneration in a graphene-microcavity fiber,which offers a way to cancel the optical common mode noises.Driven by a single 980 nm pump,orthogonally polarized laser lines are generated in a pair of degeneracy breaking modes.The two laser lines produce a heterodyne beat note at 118.96 MHz,with frequency noise down to 200 Hz~2∕Hz at 1 MHz offset,demonstrating a linewidth of 930 Hz in vacuum.This compact device enables on-line and label-free NH_(3) gas detection with high resolution,realizing a detection limit on a single pmol/L level,and a capability to quantitatively trace gas–graphene interactions.Such a combination of graphene optoelectronics and microcavity photonics demonstrates a novel physical paradigm for microlaser control and offers a new scheme for in situ chemical sensing.

Biharmonic Maps from Tori into a 2-Sphere

Biharmonic maps are generalizations of harmonic maps. A well-known result on harmonic maps between surfaces shows that there exists no harmonic map from a torus into a sphere(whatever the metrics chosen) in the homotopy class of maps of Brower degree±1. It would be interesting to know if there exists any biharmonic map in that homotopy class of maps. The authors obtain some classifications on biharmonic maps from a torus into a sphere, where the torus is provided with a flat or a class of non-flat metrics whilst the sphere is provided with the standard metric. The results in this paper show that there exists no proper biharmonic maps of degree±1 in a large family of maps from a torus into a sphere.