Mechanical pretreatment is an indispensable process in biological treatment plants that remove plastics and other impurities from household biogenic waste(HBW).However,the imperfect separation of plastics in these pre...Mechanical pretreatment is an indispensable process in biological treatment plants that remove plastics and other impurities from household biogenic waste(HBW).However,the imperfect separation of plastics in these pretreatment methods has raised concerns that they pose a secondary formation risk for microplastics(MPs).To validate this presumption,herein,quantities and properties of plastic debris and MPs larger than 50 μm were examined in the full chain of three different pretreatment methods in six plants.These facilities received HBW with or without prior depackaging at the source.The key points in the secondary formation of MPs were identified.Moreover,flux estimates of MPs were released,and an analysis of MPs sources was provided to develop an overview of their fate in HBW pretreatment.Pretreated output can contain a maximum of(1673±279) to(3198±263) MP particles per kilogram of wet weight(particles·kg^(-1)ww) for those undepackaged at source,and secondary MPs formation is primarily attributed to biomass crushers,biohydrolysis reactors,and rough shredders.Comparatively,HBW depackaged at the source can greatly reduce MPs by 8%-72%,regardless of pretreatment processes.Before pretreatment,4.6-205.6 million MP particles were present in 100 tonnes of HBW.MPs are produced at a rate of 741.11-33124.22 billion MP particles annually in anaerobic digester feedstock(ADF).This study demonstrated that HBW pretreatment is a competitive source of MPs and emphasized the importance of implementing municipal solid waste segregation at the source.Furthermore,depackaging biogenic waste at the source is recommended to substantially alleviate the negative effect of pretreatment on MPs formation.展开更多
目的探讨通痹祛湿活血汤联合微针灸治疗血虚风燥型银屑病对中医证候、症状、炎症因子的影响。方法选取诊治的血虚风燥型银屑病患者124例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组62例,对照组采取西医常规治疗,观察组采取通痹祛湿活血汤联合微针灸治...目的探讨通痹祛湿活血汤联合微针灸治疗血虚风燥型银屑病对中医证候、症状、炎症因子的影响。方法选取诊治的血虚风燥型银屑病患者124例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组62例,对照组采取西医常规治疗,观察组采取通痹祛湿活血汤联合微针灸治疗,治疗12周,观察治疗前后中医证候积分、症状及血清炎症因子变化。结果两组患者治疗前中医证候主症及次症积分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后积分均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组下降程度大于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前银屑病皮损面积和严重程度指数(psoriasis area and severity index,PASI)评分、压痛及肿胀关节数、瘙痒程度(视觉模拟visual analogue scale,VAS评分法)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后PASI评分和瘙痒VAS评分、压痛及肿胀关节数均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组下降程度大于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前血清血管表皮生长因子(vascularendothelial growth factor,VEGF)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后水平较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组下降程度大于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为77.42%(48/62),高于对照组[58.06%(36/62)],比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通痹祛湿活血汤联合微针灸治疗血虚风燥型银屑病对中医证候、皮损、关节症状均有明显改善作用,可明显提高治疗疗效,其作用可能是与降低血清炎症因子水平有关。展开更多
【目的】监测当前湖南省猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)流行毒株及其衣壳蛋白(capsid protein,Cap)变异情况,并预测Cap蛋白细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)表位,为新型PCV2疫苗研制和病毒净化提供参考...【目的】监测当前湖南省猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)流行毒株及其衣壳蛋白(capsid protein,Cap)变异情况,并预测Cap蛋白细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)表位,为新型PCV2疫苗研制和病毒净化提供参考依据。【方法】本研究对2019-2021年于湖南省6个地区收集的17份PCV2阳性组织样品进行PCV2全基因组序列扩增及测序分析,绘制系统进化树,利用生物信息学方法分析Cap蛋白氨基酸变异情况,并预测CTL表位。【结果】系统进化树显示,获得的17株PCV2全基因组序列中,1株PCV2a、7株PCV2b和9株PCV2d。Cap蛋白氨基酸序列比对分析发现,共有16个氨基酸残基突变位点位于病毒Cap蛋白表面,且有11个突变位点参与构象型表位的形成。此外,共预测出9个PCV2 Cap蛋白潜在的CTL表位,其中4个表位(16-24、28-36、136-144和179-187位氨基酸)在GenBank的1610株PCV2不同基因型毒株中高度保守。通过TCR-pMHC复合物3D结构对4个保守性表位进一步分析,结果显示,这4个肽段均能与MHCⅠ分子和TCR形成稳定的TCR-pMHC复合物。【结论】本研究结果表明,PCV2b和PCV2d为当前湖南省主要流行的基因型,且表现出高度变异;预测的CTL表位可作为候选抗原表位。展开更多
BACKGROUND Abnormal type I collagen(COL1)expression is associated with the development of many cardiovascular diseases.The TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway and circRNAs have been shown to regulate COL1 gene expression,...BACKGROUND Abnormal type I collagen(COL1)expression is associated with the development of many cardiovascular diseases.The TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway and circRNAs have been shown to regulate COL1 gene expression,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood.METHODS Gain-and loss-of-function experiments were prformed to study the effect of circZBTB46 on the expression of alpha 2 chain of type I collagen(COL1A2).Co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to observe the interaction between two proteins.RNA immunoprecipitation assay and biotin pull-down assay were performed to observe the interaction of circZBTB46 with PDLIM5.RESULTS In this study,we investigated the role of circZBTB46 in regulating COL1A2 expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs).We found that circZBTB46 is expressed in VSMCs and that TGF-beta inhibits circZBTB46 formation by downregulating KLF4 expression through activation of the Smad signaling pathway.CircZBTB46 inhibits the expression of COL1A2 induced by TGF-beta.Mechanistically,circZBTB46 mediates the interaction between Smad2 and PDLIM5,resulting in the inhibition of Smad signaling and the subsequent downregulation of COL1A2 expression.Furthermore,we found that the expression of TGFbeta and COL1A2 is decreased,while circZBTB46 expression is increased in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissues,indicating that circZBTB46-mediated regulation of TGF-beta/Smad signaling and COL1A2 synthesis in VSMCs plays a crucial role in vascular homeostasis and aneurysm development.CONCLUSIONS CircZBTB46 was identified as a novel inhibitor of COL1 synthesis in VSMCs,highlighting the importance of circZBTB46 and PDLIM5 in regulating TGF-beta/Smad signaling and COL1A2 expression.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22276140)the Shanghai Municipal Government State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, China (2022028)the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province, China (2021C03024).
文摘Mechanical pretreatment is an indispensable process in biological treatment plants that remove plastics and other impurities from household biogenic waste(HBW).However,the imperfect separation of plastics in these pretreatment methods has raised concerns that they pose a secondary formation risk for microplastics(MPs).To validate this presumption,herein,quantities and properties of plastic debris and MPs larger than 50 μm were examined in the full chain of three different pretreatment methods in six plants.These facilities received HBW with or without prior depackaging at the source.The key points in the secondary formation of MPs were identified.Moreover,flux estimates of MPs were released,and an analysis of MPs sources was provided to develop an overview of their fate in HBW pretreatment.Pretreated output can contain a maximum of(1673±279) to(3198±263) MP particles per kilogram of wet weight(particles·kg^(-1)ww) for those undepackaged at source,and secondary MPs formation is primarily attributed to biomass crushers,biohydrolysis reactors,and rough shredders.Comparatively,HBW depackaged at the source can greatly reduce MPs by 8%-72%,regardless of pretreatment processes.Before pretreatment,4.6-205.6 million MP particles were present in 100 tonnes of HBW.MPs are produced at a rate of 741.11-33124.22 billion MP particles annually in anaerobic digester feedstock(ADF).This study demonstrated that HBW pretreatment is a competitive source of MPs and emphasized the importance of implementing municipal solid waste segregation at the source.Furthermore,depackaging biogenic waste at the source is recommended to substantially alleviate the negative effect of pretreatment on MPs formation.
文摘目的探讨通痹祛湿活血汤联合微针灸治疗血虚风燥型银屑病对中医证候、症状、炎症因子的影响。方法选取诊治的血虚风燥型银屑病患者124例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组62例,对照组采取西医常规治疗,观察组采取通痹祛湿活血汤联合微针灸治疗,治疗12周,观察治疗前后中医证候积分、症状及血清炎症因子变化。结果两组患者治疗前中医证候主症及次症积分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后积分均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组下降程度大于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前银屑病皮损面积和严重程度指数(psoriasis area and severity index,PASI)评分、压痛及肿胀关节数、瘙痒程度(视觉模拟visual analogue scale,VAS评分法)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后PASI评分和瘙痒VAS评分、压痛及肿胀关节数均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组下降程度大于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前血清血管表皮生长因子(vascularendothelial growth factor,VEGF)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后水平较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组下降程度大于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为77.42%(48/62),高于对照组[58.06%(36/62)],比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通痹祛湿活血汤联合微针灸治疗血虚风燥型银屑病对中医证候、皮损、关节症状均有明显改善作用,可明显提高治疗疗效,其作用可能是与降低血清炎症因子水平有关。
文摘【目的】监测当前湖南省猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)流行毒株及其衣壳蛋白(capsid protein,Cap)变异情况,并预测Cap蛋白细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)表位,为新型PCV2疫苗研制和病毒净化提供参考依据。【方法】本研究对2019-2021年于湖南省6个地区收集的17份PCV2阳性组织样品进行PCV2全基因组序列扩增及测序分析,绘制系统进化树,利用生物信息学方法分析Cap蛋白氨基酸变异情况,并预测CTL表位。【结果】系统进化树显示,获得的17株PCV2全基因组序列中,1株PCV2a、7株PCV2b和9株PCV2d。Cap蛋白氨基酸序列比对分析发现,共有16个氨基酸残基突变位点位于病毒Cap蛋白表面,且有11个突变位点参与构象型表位的形成。此外,共预测出9个PCV2 Cap蛋白潜在的CTL表位,其中4个表位(16-24、28-36、136-144和179-187位氨基酸)在GenBank的1610株PCV2不同基因型毒株中高度保守。通过TCR-pMHC复合物3D结构对4个保守性表位进一步分析,结果显示,这4个肽段均能与MHCⅠ分子和TCR形成稳定的TCR-pMHC复合物。【结论】本研究结果表明,PCV2b和PCV2d为当前湖南省主要流行的基因型,且表现出高度变异;预测的CTL表位可作为候选抗原表位。
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31671182&No.31871152&No.81770285&No.81971328&No.82271624)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.H2022206074&No.H2021206459)the Medical Science Research Project in Hebei Province Foundation of Health Commission of Hebei Province of China(No.20230065).
文摘BACKGROUND Abnormal type I collagen(COL1)expression is associated with the development of many cardiovascular diseases.The TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway and circRNAs have been shown to regulate COL1 gene expression,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood.METHODS Gain-and loss-of-function experiments were prformed to study the effect of circZBTB46 on the expression of alpha 2 chain of type I collagen(COL1A2).Co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to observe the interaction between two proteins.RNA immunoprecipitation assay and biotin pull-down assay were performed to observe the interaction of circZBTB46 with PDLIM5.RESULTS In this study,we investigated the role of circZBTB46 in regulating COL1A2 expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs).We found that circZBTB46 is expressed in VSMCs and that TGF-beta inhibits circZBTB46 formation by downregulating KLF4 expression through activation of the Smad signaling pathway.CircZBTB46 inhibits the expression of COL1A2 induced by TGF-beta.Mechanistically,circZBTB46 mediates the interaction between Smad2 and PDLIM5,resulting in the inhibition of Smad signaling and the subsequent downregulation of COL1A2 expression.Furthermore,we found that the expression of TGFbeta and COL1A2 is decreased,while circZBTB46 expression is increased in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissues,indicating that circZBTB46-mediated regulation of TGF-beta/Smad signaling and COL1A2 synthesis in VSMCs plays a crucial role in vascular homeostasis and aneurysm development.CONCLUSIONS CircZBTB46 was identified as a novel inhibitor of COL1 synthesis in VSMCs,highlighting the importance of circZBTB46 and PDLIM5 in regulating TGF-beta/Smad signaling and COL1A2 expression.
