Multisystemic recurrent Langerhans cell histiocytosis misdiagnosed with chronic inflammation at the first diagnosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is characterized by diabetes insipidus and is an uncommon occurrence.Pathological biopsies still have a certain degree of diagnostic probability.We present a case in which LCH initially affected the pituitary gland.This resulted in a misdiagnosis of chronic inflammation upon pathological examination.CASE SUMMARY A 25-year-old female exhibited symptoms of diabetes insipidus.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhanced foci in the pituitary gland.After surgical resection of the pituitary lesion,the pathological diagnosis was chronic inflam-mation.However,the patient later experienced bone destruction in the skull and lower limb bones.After the lower limb bone lesion was compared with the initial pituitary lesion,the final diagnosis was modified to LCH.The patient was treated with multiple chemotherapy courses.However,the patient’s condition gradually worsened,and she eventually passed away at home.CONCLUSION LCH should be considered when patients exhibit diabetes insipidus and absence of high signal intensity in the pituitary gland on sagittal T1-weighted image and abnormal enhancement in the pituitary region.

采用OCTA分析非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑区血流密度

目的:通过光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)检测非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)患者黄斑区血流各项指标,分析NPDR各期黄斑区微循环的特点。方法:采用OCTA分别对正常人、无糖尿病视网膜病变的糖尿病患者(NDR)、轻度NPDR、中度NPDR、重度NPDR患者行OCTA检查,测定黄斑3mm×3mm范围内血流密度(VD),旁中心凹VD、中心凹VD。结果:深层3mm×3mm VD、深层旁中心凹VD、深层中心凹VD分别在各组间比较,均有差异(均P<0.01);中度NPDR、重度NPDR的3mm×3mm VD、旁中心凹VD与正常组、NDR组、轻度NPDR组均有差异(P<0.05);重度NPDR深层中心凹VD与正常组有差异(P=0.006)。浅层3mm×3mm VD、浅层旁中心凹VD在各组间比较均有差异(均P<0.01);中度NPDR组的浅层3mm×3mm VD、浅层旁中心凹VD与正常组均有差异(均P<0.01);重度NPDR组的浅层3mm×3mm VD、浅层旁中心凹VD与正常组、NDR组、轻度NPDR组均有差异(均P<0.01)。深浅层3mm×3mm VD、深浅层旁中心凹VD、深层中线凹VD均与视力呈线性关系。结论:通过OCTA发现,中度、重度NPDR黄斑区血流密度下降明显,深层旁中心凹血流密度更能反映糖尿病视网膜病变病情。

视网膜分支静脉阻塞的黄斑血流及结构特征分析

目的:采用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)技术观察视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)患者黄斑区血流及结构特征,并分析视力的危险因素。方法:收集2018-01/2019-06在抚顺市眼病医院经眼底及眼底荧光造影检查确诊的BRVO患者92例92眼为BRVO组,另选取同期基线资料与BRVO组患者相匹配的健康志愿者38例38眼作为对照组。记录两组受检者的基线资料,并采用OCTA技术观察3mm×3mm范围内黄斑区深层和浅层血流密度、深层和浅层中心凹血流密度、黄斑中心凹厚度、神经上皮层厚度、神经上皮层下积液高度。分析BRVO患者上述参数的相关性,并采用多因素Logistic回归法分析影响视力的危险因素。结果:与对照组相比,BRVO患者视力、黄斑中心凹厚度、深层血流密度、浅层血流密度、深层中心凹血流密度、浅层中心凹血流密度均有差异(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(P=0.033,OR=1.152,95%CI 1.011~1.312)、浅层中心凹血流密度(P=0.010,OR=1.260,95%CI 1.056~1.504)、黄斑中心凹厚度(P<0.01,OR=1.033,95%CI 1.021~1.045)均是视力的危险因素。BRVO患者深层及浅层血流密度与黄斑中心凹厚度、神经上皮层厚度均呈负相关(P<0.01),黄斑中心凹厚度与神经上皮层厚度、神经上皮层下积液高度均呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:利用OCTA可以观察BRVO患者视网膜血流状态及视网膜切面结构的变化,将两者结合起来可以更全面地观察BRVO患者黄斑区视网膜的病变特点。年龄、黄斑中心凹厚度、浅层中心凹血流密度为影响视力的危险因素。