应用化学专业的客观评价体系建设与实践

以工程教育专业认证为背景,文章介绍了某高校应用化学专业解决了人才培养标准和运行体系与国际标准对接,全面系统的设计制定了与《华盛顿协议》实质等效的人才培养标准所取得的实践经验及根据成果导向教育理念,构建了新的课程体系和教学运行机制,采用课程考核综合分析法和问卷调查法对人才培养质量进行客观评价,切实提高了应用化学专业的人才培养质量。

离子膜电解法制备高锰酸钾

以锰酸钾为原料,采用离子膜电解槽制备高锰酸钾。研究了锰酸钾浓度、电解电流、温度、时间和电解槽内填充材料对电解效果的影响,确定了膜电解法制备高锰酸钾的工艺条件。结果表明,恒定电流下电解,随着电解时间的延长,转化率在增大,但电流效率在下降;阶梯电流下电解,整个电解过程,电流效率维持在70%以上。在多于5倍电解槽容积的电解液、79. 63 g/L锰酸钾、65～68℃、4级阶梯电流条件下电解120 min,锰酸钾转化率为78. 73%,电流效率为71. 85%,电流效率较传统工艺大幅提高。

“方波脉冲伏安法检测水中铋”教学实验精密度的影响因素探究

我们对影响阳极溶出方波脉冲伏安法测量精密度的因素进行探究。结果显示:搅拌速度、抛光时间、超声时间、电化学清洗时间对结果精密度影响较大。根据正交实验,这四个因素对精密度的影响为:超声时间>搅拌速度>抛光时间>清洗时间。在选定的优化条件下,对浓度为10μmol/L,5μmol/L,1μmol/L铋标准样品分别平行测定5次的相对标准偏差为2.0%,2.5%,3.4%。优化后的实验方案操作更加精确、规范,更有利于学生掌握此项测试技术。

结直肠息肉患者切除术后多发性复发与临床病理特征的关系研究

目的:分析结直肠息肉患者切除术后多发性复发与临床病理特征的关系。方法:回顾性选取2018年1月~2022年12月至山西省肿瘤医院行结直肠息肉切除术的300例患者,根据患者术后1年复查结果进行分组,复发患者中复发息肉数量≥3枚者纳入多发性复发组(25例),复发息肉数量<3枚者纳入对照组(142例)。比较两组患者基线资料和首检病理特征,分析结直肠息肉患者切除术后多发性复发与病理特征的相关性。结果:两组患者息肉直径、息肉数量和病理类型经比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者息肉部位、息肉颜色、息肉形态和切除方式经比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示,息肉直径增大、息肉数量增加和腺瘤性息肉是导致结直肠息肉患者切除术后多发性复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。Pearson法分析结果显示,结直肠息肉患者切除术后多发性复发与息肉直径、息肉数量和腺瘤性息肉呈明显正相关(P<0.05)。结论:结直肠息肉患者切除术后多发性复发与首检息肉直径、息肉数量和腺瘤性息肉呈明显相关性。

更年期潮热专方治疗围绝经期潮热患者30例临床观察

目的:观察更年期潮热专方治疗围绝经期潮热的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将60例围绝经期潮热患者随机分为治疗组(30例)和对照组(30例),治疗组给予服用更年期潮热专方,对照组则服用二仙汤加减方,均治疗4周后观察潮热症状变化、Kupperman绝经指数(KMI)及不良反应等。结果:治疗后,治疗组潮热症状评分、KMI评分改善程度均显著优于对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01);治疗组总有效率为93.33%,显著高于对照组的86.67%(P<0.05);两组均未出现明显不良反应。结论:更年期潮热专方可显著改善围绝经期热自心下而发之潮热汗出症状,降低Kupperman绝经指数,且安全有效,值得临床推广应用。

Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcome in patients with chronic heart failure and diabetes

Background Chronic heart failure（CHF）and diabetes mellitus portend high morbidity and mortality because of an interrelated pathophysiologic process.This large cohort study aimed to analyze the prevalence,clinicaI characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with CHF and diabetes.Methods A totaI of 1119 patients with NYHA functionaI class Ⅱ-Ⅳ and left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF）〈45% between January 1995 and May 2009 were recruited.Clinical variables, biochemical and echocardiographic measurements were retrospectively reviewed,and composite major cardiac events （MCE） including death,headtransplantation, and refractory heart failure requiring multiple hospitalizations were recorded.Results The prevalence of CHF with diabetes was progressively increased with time （16.9% in 1995-1999;20.4% in 2000-2004,and 29.1% in 2005-2009）and age（1 8.5% in〈60 years,26.6% in 60-80 years,and 26.6% in〉80 years）.Compared with CHF patients without diabetes,those with diabetes had worse cardiac function,more abnormal biochemical changes.and higher mortality.Treatment with glucose-lowering agents significantly improved LVEF and decreased MCE.An elevated serum HbA1c level was associated with large left ventricular end-systolic diameter （P〈0.05）,decreased LVEF（P〈0.01）and reduced survival（P〈0.05）.Multivariable Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjustment for confounding factors,NYHA functional class（OR2.65,95%CI 1.14-6.16,P=0.024）and HbA1c level≥7%（OR2.78, 95%CI 1.00-7.68,P=0.049）were independent risk factors for adverse outcomes in CHF patients with diabetes.Conclusions Prevalence of CHF with diabetes was increasing during past decades,and patients with CHF and diabetes had worse clinical profiles and prognosis.Aggressive anti-CHF and diabetes therapies are needed to improve overall outcomes for these patients.

Impact of potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias on long-term outcome in patients with chronic heart failure

Background Potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias （PLVAs） occur frequently in survivors after acute myocardial infarction and are increasingly recognized in other forms of structural heart diseases.This study investigated the prevalence and prognostic significance of PLVAs in patients with chronic heart failure （CHF）.Methods Data concerning demographics,etiology of heart failure,NYHA functional class,biochemical variables,electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings,and medical treatments were collected by reviewing hospital medical records from 1080 patients with NYHA Ⅱ-Ⅳ and a left ventricular （LV） ejection fraction ≤45%.PLVAs were defined as multi-focal ventricular ectopy （〉30 beats/h on Holter monitoring）,bursts of ventricular premature beats,and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.All-cause mortality,sudden death,and rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure,or cardiac transplantation during 5-year follow-up after discharge were recorded.Results The occurrence rate of PLVAs in CHF was 30.2%,and increased with age; 23.4% in patients 〈45 years old,27.8% in those between 45-65 years old,and 33.5% in patients 〉65 years old （P=0.033）.Patients with PLVAs had larger LV size and lower ejection fraction （both P 〈0.01） and higher all-cause mortality （P=0.014） during 5-year follow-up than those without PLVAs.Age （OR 1.041,95% Cl 1.004-1.079,P=0.03） and LV end-diastolic dimension （OR 1.068,95% Cl 1.013-1.126,P=0.015） independently predicted the occurrence of PLVAs.And PLVA was an independent factor for all-cause mortality （RR 1.702,95% Cl 1.017-2.848,P=0.031） and sudden death （RR 1.937,95% CI 1.068-3.516,P=0.030） in patients with CHF.Conclusion PLVAs are common and exert a negative impact on Iona-term clinical outcome in patients with CHF.

Clinical significance of pain in patients with chronic heart failure

Background There is a paucity of studies investigating the clinical and biochemical characteristics of pain in chronic heart failure （CHF） patients. This study aimed to determine the clinical and biochemical characteristics and outcomes in Chinese patients with CHF and symptoms of pain. Methods Sociodemographics, serum levels of creatinine, NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, interleukin （IL）-6 and IL-10, and two-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） were determined in 305 patients with CHF. A questionnaire packet including the Brief Pain Inventory （BPI） and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ） was used to assess the degree of pain rated on a 0-10 scale and the quality of life （QOL）. A six-minute walking test was performed during routine clinic visits. Major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were recorded; including all-cause or cardiac mortality and rehospitalization because of myocardial infarction, worsening heart failure or stroke at follow-up. Results Pain occurred in 25.6% of CHF patients, and was more common when the New York Heart Association （NYHA） functional class was worse. More patients with pain were female in gender, and had more co-morbidities, lower LVEF, and shorter distance during the 6-minute walking test. Despite similar serum levels of creatinine, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）, IL-6 and IL-10, the TNF-a levels were higher and MLHFQ scores were greater in CHF patients with pain. At follow-up, CHF patients with moderate to severe pain （≥4 scale） had higher rates of all-cause and cardiac mortality and rehospitalization because of myocardial infarction, worsening heart failure or stroke. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the presence of pain was an independent risk factor for MACE and reduced QOL in CHF patients.