20世纪中后期以来,教育研究与经济学、医学、心理学、计算机科学等学科的交叉融合不断加深,随机干预实验作为跨学科研究方法的典型,已逐步成为国际上制定发展政策的关键环节,尤其是在教育和社会政策研究领域。2003年起,反贫困行动实验室...20世纪中后期以来,教育研究与经济学、医学、心理学、计算机科学等学科的交叉融合不断加深,随机干预实验作为跨学科研究方法的典型,已逐步成为国际上制定发展政策的关键环节,尤其是在教育和社会政策研究领域。2003年起,反贫困行动实验室(The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab,JPAL)和贫困行动创新组织(Innovations for Poverty Action,IPA)已在全球44个国家开展了近300项教育领域的随机干预实验评估研究,实证研究结果也被广泛应用于南亚、非洲和拉丁美洲等地区发展中国家政府的教育决策中。J-PAL的创始人也因其对全球减贫发展的贡献荣获2019年诺贝尔经济学奖。虽然国际上已有大量研究验证了随机干预实验在促进教育产出、改善贫困群体收入方面的积极作用,但中国教育精准扶贫领域的随机干预实验研究却鲜为人知。对2007年至2019年10月间公开发表的有关30多项教育精准扶贫随机干预实验研究的学术论文进行系统分析,可以发现,这些研究主要集中在以下四个领域:教师与教育、信息技术与教育、营养健康与教育和儿童早期发展。这四大领域的研究以中国农村贫困地区人力资本代际陷阱为主线,探索了低成本且可行的解决农村贫困地区教育及相关问题的有效途径,总结了中国农村贫困地区教育领域随机干预实验研究的发展历史、现状和实践经验,为农村教育实践者提供了可操作的办法,为农村教育决策者提供了基于数据的实证支撑,也为国家教育精准扶贫制度设计者提供了经过随机干预实验验证的有效策略。此外,本文还对如何在不开展随机干预实验的情况下使用准实验方法为教育精准扶贫政策的制定提供可靠的实证依据进行了拓展介绍。展开更多
In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This...In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This paper details the first African meeting of the G-DEP.Consultative meeting reviewed preceding dryland ecosystems case studies,identified vulnerable arid and semi-arid regions,and proposed sustainable solutions to problems.It also identified the successes and failures of previous attempts to improve vulnerable ecosystems and ultimately formed an action plan to improve these attempts.Climate,ecosystems,and livelihoods for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),Great Green Wall Initiative(GGWI)for Sahara and Sahel,and China-Africa cooperation on science,technology,and innovation are three extra main sections concerned of the meeting.Separately,more specific topics as the complicated relationship between these natural processes and human activity,including pastoralism,soil restoration,and vegetation regenerate techniques,were fully discussed.Consultative meeting also identified the positive effects international collaboration can have on dryland regions,specifically in the capacity of sharing information,technology,and innovation on purpose to develop a joint proposal for long-term research programs in African arid and semi-arid areas.Moreover,meetings that review the progress made on ecosystem management for the sustainable livelihoods in Africa,identification of priority areas,and the development and implementation of ecosystem programs for proper research and collaboration in African arid and semi-arid zones,have been proposed as strategic recommendations to enhance the global partnership for sustainable development.Furthermore,as the outcomes of the workshop,there are three steps proposed to handle African dryland climate changes,several aspects suggested to solve current dilemmas of the GGWI,and a series of actions recommended for G-DEP related activities in Africa.展开更多
文摘20世纪中后期以来,教育研究与经济学、医学、心理学、计算机科学等学科的交叉融合不断加深,随机干预实验作为跨学科研究方法的典型,已逐步成为国际上制定发展政策的关键环节,尤其是在教育和社会政策研究领域。2003年起,反贫困行动实验室(The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab,JPAL)和贫困行动创新组织(Innovations for Poverty Action,IPA)已在全球44个国家开展了近300项教育领域的随机干预实验评估研究,实证研究结果也被广泛应用于南亚、非洲和拉丁美洲等地区发展中国家政府的教育决策中。J-PAL的创始人也因其对全球减贫发展的贡献荣获2019年诺贝尔经济学奖。虽然国际上已有大量研究验证了随机干预实验在促进教育产出、改善贫困群体收入方面的积极作用,但中国教育精准扶贫领域的随机干预实验研究却鲜为人知。对2007年至2019年10月间公开发表的有关30多项教育精准扶贫随机干预实验研究的学术论文进行系统分析,可以发现,这些研究主要集中在以下四个领域:教师与教育、信息技术与教育、营养健康与教育和儿童早期发展。这四大领域的研究以中国农村贫困地区人力资本代际陷阱为主线,探索了低成本且可行的解决农村贫困地区教育及相关问题的有效途径,总结了中国农村贫困地区教育领域随机干预实验研究的发展历史、现状和实践经验,为农村教育实践者提供了可操作的办法,为农村教育决策者提供了基于数据的实证支撑,也为国家教育精准扶贫制度设计者提供了经过随机干预实验验证的有效策略。此外,本文还对如何在不开展随机干预实验的情况下使用准实验方法为教育精准扶贫政策的制定提供可靠的实证依据进行了拓展介绍。
基金Funding to support this consultative meeting was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144053,41661144022)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(121311KYSB201700).
文摘In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This paper details the first African meeting of the G-DEP.Consultative meeting reviewed preceding dryland ecosystems case studies,identified vulnerable arid and semi-arid regions,and proposed sustainable solutions to problems.It also identified the successes and failures of previous attempts to improve vulnerable ecosystems and ultimately formed an action plan to improve these attempts.Climate,ecosystems,and livelihoods for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),Great Green Wall Initiative(GGWI)for Sahara and Sahel,and China-Africa cooperation on science,technology,and innovation are three extra main sections concerned of the meeting.Separately,more specific topics as the complicated relationship between these natural processes and human activity,including pastoralism,soil restoration,and vegetation regenerate techniques,were fully discussed.Consultative meeting also identified the positive effects international collaboration can have on dryland regions,specifically in the capacity of sharing information,technology,and innovation on purpose to develop a joint proposal for long-term research programs in African arid and semi-arid areas.Moreover,meetings that review the progress made on ecosystem management for the sustainable livelihoods in Africa,identification of priority areas,and the development and implementation of ecosystem programs for proper research and collaboration in African arid and semi-arid zones,have been proposed as strategic recommendations to enhance the global partnership for sustainable development.Furthermore,as the outcomes of the workshop,there are three steps proposed to handle African dryland climate changes,several aspects suggested to solve current dilemmas of the GGWI,and a series of actions recommended for G-DEP related activities in Africa.
