[目的]评估中国主要省会城市的水资源承载情况与适宜人口规模,为“以水定人”政策的落实和城市可持续发展战略的实施提供参考。[方法]基于水资源和人口数据,采用生态足迹方法分析了2010—2020年中国省会城市的水资源生态足迹及其水资源...[目的]评估中国主要省会城市的水资源承载情况与适宜人口规模,为“以水定人”政策的落实和城市可持续发展战略的实施提供参考。[方法]基于水资源和人口数据,采用生态足迹方法分析了2010—2020年中国省会城市的水资源生态足迹及其水资源承载力,结合生活用水现状以定额法估算了各省会城市的适宜承载人口规模。[结果]①超过半数省会城市年人均水资源占有量不足500 m 3,多数城市生活用水占总用水量的两成,而北京市和郑州市的生活用水比例达到45%,高比例的生活用水使城市供水压力巨大;②人均水资源量较高的省会城市呈现水资源生态盈余状态,但约2/3的城市呈现水资源生态赤字状态;2010—2020年平均人均盈余最高者为南宁市(2.20 hm^(2)/人),赤字最高者为银川市(-1.66 hm^(2)/人);水资源生态盈亏分布呈现“南方盈余,北方亏损”的格局,但是长江中下游地区部分省会城市也呈现赤字状态;③以“粗放”与“节约”两种用水情形评估省会城市适宜承载人口数量。各地适宜承载人口数量与现状人口数量存在较大差异。[结论]为促进经济社会可持续发展,水资源浪费严重的城市应当加强节水城市建设,而居民生活用水标准较低的城市应考虑减小其人口规模以提升居民用水体验与生活质量。展开更多
Present study is aimed to investigate in vitro biological efficacy of Tambourissa trichophylla leaf extract(TTLE),a plant-derived ingredient in cosmetic,on antioxidant activity and soothing efficacy.The total phenols ...Present study is aimed to investigate in vitro biological efficacy of Tambourissa trichophylla leaf extract(TTLE),a plant-derived ingredient in cosmetic,on antioxidant activity and soothing efficacy.The total phenols content of TTLE was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method,antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH free radical scavenging assay,hyaluronidase inhibition activity was performed by using in vitro enzyme inhibitory assays based on spectrophotometric evaluation,and the soothing efficacy of TTLE was performed by the expression of nitric oxide(NO)and interleukin-6(IL-6)produced by LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.The results shown that the total phenolic content of TTLE was as high as 54%,the DPPH scavenging activity was 81.18%at the concentration of 25μg/mL,the hyaluronidase inhibition activity was 69.04%at the concentration of 5 mg/mL,and the inhibition of NO and IL-6 were 15.70%and 76.57%at 0.05 mg/mL,respectively.TTLE has a high content of total phenols,high antioxidant activity and soothing effects,which indicated that TTLE was a promising ingredient in the development and application of cosmetics.展开更多
文摘[目的]评估中国主要省会城市的水资源承载情况与适宜人口规模,为“以水定人”政策的落实和城市可持续发展战略的实施提供参考。[方法]基于水资源和人口数据,采用生态足迹方法分析了2010—2020年中国省会城市的水资源生态足迹及其水资源承载力,结合生活用水现状以定额法估算了各省会城市的适宜承载人口规模。[结果]①超过半数省会城市年人均水资源占有量不足500 m 3,多数城市生活用水占总用水量的两成,而北京市和郑州市的生活用水比例达到45%,高比例的生活用水使城市供水压力巨大;②人均水资源量较高的省会城市呈现水资源生态盈余状态,但约2/3的城市呈现水资源生态赤字状态;2010—2020年平均人均盈余最高者为南宁市(2.20 hm^(2)/人),赤字最高者为银川市(-1.66 hm^(2)/人);水资源生态盈亏分布呈现“南方盈余,北方亏损”的格局,但是长江中下游地区部分省会城市也呈现赤字状态;③以“粗放”与“节约”两种用水情形评估省会城市适宜承载人口数量。各地适宜承载人口数量与现状人口数量存在较大差异。[结论]为促进经济社会可持续发展,水资源浪费严重的城市应当加强节水城市建设,而居民生活用水标准较低的城市应考虑减小其人口规模以提升居民用水体验与生活质量。
文摘Present study is aimed to investigate in vitro biological efficacy of Tambourissa trichophylla leaf extract(TTLE),a plant-derived ingredient in cosmetic,on antioxidant activity and soothing efficacy.The total phenols content of TTLE was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method,antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH free radical scavenging assay,hyaluronidase inhibition activity was performed by using in vitro enzyme inhibitory assays based on spectrophotometric evaluation,and the soothing efficacy of TTLE was performed by the expression of nitric oxide(NO)and interleukin-6(IL-6)produced by LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.The results shown that the total phenolic content of TTLE was as high as 54%,the DPPH scavenging activity was 81.18%at the concentration of 25μg/mL,the hyaluronidase inhibition activity was 69.04%at the concentration of 5 mg/mL,and the inhibition of NO and IL-6 were 15.70%and 76.57%at 0.05 mg/mL,respectively.TTLE has a high content of total phenols,high antioxidant activity and soothing effects,which indicated that TTLE was a promising ingredient in the development and application of cosmetics.
