Simultaneous stresses of salinity and drought often coincide during rice-growing seasons in saline lands,primarily due to insufficient water resources and inadequate irrigation facilities.Consequently,combined salinit...Simultaneous stresses of salinity and drought often coincide during rice-growing seasons in saline lands,primarily due to insufficient water resources and inadequate irrigation facilities.Consequently,combined salinity-drought stress poses a major threat to rice production.In this study,two salinity levels(NS,non-salinity;HS,high salinity)along with three drought treatments(CC,control condition;DJ,drought stress imposed at jointing;DH,drought stress imposed at heading)were performed to investigate their combined influences on leaf photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation,and rice yield formation.Salinity,drought,and their combination led to a shortened growth period from heading to maturity,resulting in a reduced overall growth duration.Grain yield was reduced under both salinity and drought stress,with a more substantial reduction under the combined salinity-drought stress.The combined stress imposed at heading caused greater yield losses in rice compared with the stress imposed at jointing.Additionally,the combined salinity-drought stress induced greater decreases in shoot biomass accumulation from heading to maturity,as well as in shoot biomass and nonstructural carbohydrate(NSC)content in the stem at heading and maturity.However,it increased the harvest index and NSC remobilization reserve.Salinity and drought reduced the leaf area index and SPAD value of flag leaves and weakened the leaf photosynthetic characteristics as indicated by lower photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,and stomatal conductance.These reductions were more pronounced under the combined stress.Salinity,drought,and especially their combination,decreased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase,while increasing the contents of malondialdehyde,hydrogen peroxide,and superoxide radical.Our results indicated a more significant yield loss in rice when subjected to combined salinity-drought stress.The individual and combined stresses of salinity and drought diminished antioxidant enzyme activities,inhibited leaf photosynthetic functions,accelerated leaf senescence,and subsequently lowered assimilate accumulation and grain yield.展开更多
Multi-axial perfectly matched layer(M-PML),known to have lost the perfect-matching property owing to multi-axial coordinate stretching,has been numerically validated to be long-time stable and it is thus used extensiv...Multi-axial perfectly matched layer(M-PML),known to have lost the perfect-matching property owing to multi-axial coordinate stretching,has been numerically validated to be long-time stable and it is thus used extensively in linear anisotropic wave simulation and in isotropic cases where the PML becomes unstable.We are concerned with the construction of the M-PML for anisotropic wave simulation based on a second order wave equation implemented with the displacement-based numerical method.We address the benefit of the incorrect chain rule,which is implicitly adopted in the previous derivation of the M-PML.We show that using the frequency-shifted stretching function improves the absorbing efficiency of the M-PML for near-grazing incident waves.Then,through multi-axial complex-coordinate stretching the second order anisotropic wave equation in a weak form,we derive a time-domain multi-axial unsplit frequency-shifted PML(M-UFSPML)using the frequency-shifted stretching function and the incorrect chain rule.A new approach is provided to reduce the number of memory variables needed for computing convolution terms in the M-UFSPML.The obtained M-UFSPML is well suited for implementation with a finite element or the spectral element method.By providing several typical examples,we numerically verify the accuracy and long-time stability of the implementation of our M-UFSPML by utilizing the Legendre spectral element method.展开更多
绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto)是高盐碱耐受性水产动物,然而随着绒螯蟹种质退化等原因,北方地区养殖绒螯蟹面临规格小、抗逆性差和病害频发等问题,开发利用新的土著绒螯蟹种质保证绒螯蟹产业健康发展显得尤为必要。团队于2020和2021...绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto)是高盐碱耐受性水产动物,然而随着绒螯蟹种质退化等原因,北方地区养殖绒螯蟹面临规格小、抗逆性差和病害频发等问题,开发利用新的土著绒螯蟹种质保证绒螯蟹产业健康发展显得尤为必要。团队于2020和2021年9月,在黑龙江省绥芬河水系用地笼捕捉野生绒螯蟹共计299只(雌体156只,雄体143只),统计绒螯蟹性成熟情况并分别计算不同体重绒螯蟹所占百分比,测量性成熟个体的甲壳长、甲壳宽,解剖取出肝胰腺和性腺,精刮肌肉,测定可食率、色泽及常规营养成分。结果显示,绥芬河绒螯蟹雌体未性成熟比例显著低于性成熟比例(P<0.05),而雄体则相反。不论是雌体还是雄体,性成熟个体的平均体重均显著高于未性成熟个体(P<0.05)。雌性成熟个体平均体重为(110.51±2.42)g,雄性则为(147.79±5.94)g。雌性成熟个体(≥100.00 g/只)的百分比为55.94%,雄性成熟个体(≥125.00 g/只)的百分比为60.00%。9月29日,雌体肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)均显著高于雄体,而出肉率(MY)和肥满度(CF)则显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。雌体甲壳亮度值(L*)和黄度值(b*)均显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。雌体性腺和肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著高于雄体,而性腺中水分含量则显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。综上所述,绥芬河绒螯蟹具有性成熟个体平均体重大且大规格个体百分比高等特点,卵巢和肌肉中粗蛋白与粗脂肪百分比较高,是一种重要的高蛋白低脂肪营养物质来源。本研究结果为绥芬河水系野生绒螯蟹种质资源开发以及利用提供了基础资料。展开更多
基金financed by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant Nos.2022YFE0113400 and 2022YFD1500402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32001466)+3 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund of Carbon Emissions Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology,China(Grant Nos.BE2022304 and BE2022305)Joints Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A2022)Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Grant No.2020M671628)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China.
文摘Simultaneous stresses of salinity and drought often coincide during rice-growing seasons in saline lands,primarily due to insufficient water resources and inadequate irrigation facilities.Consequently,combined salinity-drought stress poses a major threat to rice production.In this study,two salinity levels(NS,non-salinity;HS,high salinity)along with three drought treatments(CC,control condition;DJ,drought stress imposed at jointing;DH,drought stress imposed at heading)were performed to investigate their combined influences on leaf photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation,and rice yield formation.Salinity,drought,and their combination led to a shortened growth period from heading to maturity,resulting in a reduced overall growth duration.Grain yield was reduced under both salinity and drought stress,with a more substantial reduction under the combined salinity-drought stress.The combined stress imposed at heading caused greater yield losses in rice compared with the stress imposed at jointing.Additionally,the combined salinity-drought stress induced greater decreases in shoot biomass accumulation from heading to maturity,as well as in shoot biomass and nonstructural carbohydrate(NSC)content in the stem at heading and maturity.However,it increased the harvest index and NSC remobilization reserve.Salinity and drought reduced the leaf area index and SPAD value of flag leaves and weakened the leaf photosynthetic characteristics as indicated by lower photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,and stomatal conductance.These reductions were more pronounced under the combined stress.Salinity,drought,and especially their combination,decreased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase,while increasing the contents of malondialdehyde,hydrogen peroxide,and superoxide radical.Our results indicated a more significant yield loss in rice when subjected to combined salinity-drought stress.The individual and combined stresses of salinity and drought diminished antioxidant enzyme activities,inhibited leaf photosynthetic functions,accelerated leaf senescence,and subsequently lowered assimilate accumulation and grain yield.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2021EEEVL0102National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.U2039209 and 51808516+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2018YFC1504004Distinguished Young Scholars Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang province,China under Grant No.YQ2020E005。
文摘Multi-axial perfectly matched layer(M-PML),known to have lost the perfect-matching property owing to multi-axial coordinate stretching,has been numerically validated to be long-time stable and it is thus used extensively in linear anisotropic wave simulation and in isotropic cases where the PML becomes unstable.We are concerned with the construction of the M-PML for anisotropic wave simulation based on a second order wave equation implemented with the displacement-based numerical method.We address the benefit of the incorrect chain rule,which is implicitly adopted in the previous derivation of the M-PML.We show that using the frequency-shifted stretching function improves the absorbing efficiency of the M-PML for near-grazing incident waves.Then,through multi-axial complex-coordinate stretching the second order anisotropic wave equation in a weak form,we derive a time-domain multi-axial unsplit frequency-shifted PML(M-UFSPML)using the frequency-shifted stretching function and the incorrect chain rule.A new approach is provided to reduce the number of memory variables needed for computing convolution terms in the M-UFSPML.The obtained M-UFSPML is well suited for implementation with a finite element or the spectral element method.By providing several typical examples,we numerically verify the accuracy and long-time stability of the implementation of our M-UFSPML by utilizing the Legendre spectral element method.
文摘绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto)是高盐碱耐受性水产动物,然而随着绒螯蟹种质退化等原因,北方地区养殖绒螯蟹面临规格小、抗逆性差和病害频发等问题,开发利用新的土著绒螯蟹种质保证绒螯蟹产业健康发展显得尤为必要。团队于2020和2021年9月,在黑龙江省绥芬河水系用地笼捕捉野生绒螯蟹共计299只(雌体156只,雄体143只),统计绒螯蟹性成熟情况并分别计算不同体重绒螯蟹所占百分比,测量性成熟个体的甲壳长、甲壳宽,解剖取出肝胰腺和性腺,精刮肌肉,测定可食率、色泽及常规营养成分。结果显示,绥芬河绒螯蟹雌体未性成熟比例显著低于性成熟比例(P<0.05),而雄体则相反。不论是雌体还是雄体,性成熟个体的平均体重均显著高于未性成熟个体(P<0.05)。雌性成熟个体平均体重为(110.51±2.42)g,雄性则为(147.79±5.94)g。雌性成熟个体(≥100.00 g/只)的百分比为55.94%,雄性成熟个体(≥125.00 g/只)的百分比为60.00%。9月29日,雌体肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)均显著高于雄体,而出肉率(MY)和肥满度(CF)则显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。雌体甲壳亮度值(L*)和黄度值(b*)均显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。雌体性腺和肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著高于雄体,而性腺中水分含量则显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。综上所述,绥芬河绒螯蟹具有性成熟个体平均体重大且大规格个体百分比高等特点,卵巢和肌肉中粗蛋白与粗脂肪百分比较高,是一种重要的高蛋白低脂肪营养物质来源。本研究结果为绥芬河水系野生绒螯蟹种质资源开发以及利用提供了基础资料。
