四川水浇地和旱地空间转变下的土壤资源结构特征

为进一步揭示四川农区耕地土壤资源的过去和现状,以四川省雨养旱地和水浇地2种主要耕地类型为研究对象,探讨1985—2020年2种耕地类型的面积、空间分布和土壤资源组成的演变特征,评价土壤资源供给农业生产的多样性演变规律。结果表明:(1)1985—2020年四川省雨养旱地面积整体呈现减少趋势,水浇地面积整体呈现增加趋势。(2)川东、川中丘陵区雨养旱地面积表现为减少趋势,而攀西地区表现为增加趋势。(3)成都平原区水浇地减少,而川东、川中丘陵区表现为增加趋势。(4)雨养旱地减少的区域和水浇地增加的区域具有明显的重叠性,其发生区域的土壤资源主要从属于初育土纲、铁铝土纲和人为土纲。(5)随着雨养旱地空间分布的改变,耕地中紫色土、黄壤和水稻土占比呈现显著减少趋势。上述结果明确了四川农区耕地转移导致区域土壤资源供给农业生产的结构发生改变,也暗示了大尺度上的农田水肥管理应强化考虑水分供给能力和土壤类型变化。

泸州古蔺植烟区土壤肥力评价

以古蔺烟区土壤为评价单元,共采集157个土壤样品。利用主成分分析、隶属度函数和模糊数学综合评价等方法,通过对古蔺植烟区土壤肥力指标进行分析,明确古蔺植烟区土壤的养分丰缺及适宜性等级状况。结果表明,古蔺植烟区土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮和有效锌含量整体适宜;土壤有效硫、交换性钙、交换性镁含量偏高;土壤速效钾、速效磷、水溶性氯含量偏低。古蔺植烟土壤肥力适宜性等级为中等水平之上,肥力较好,整体适宜烟草种植。土壤肥力适宜性指数(SFI值)介于0.54~0.65,平均值为0.62,肥力以Ⅱ和Ⅲ级为主,分别占53.50%和34.61%,合计占88.11%,Ⅰ和Ⅳ级分别占6.84%和5.05%,全县无Ⅴ级。

基于SWOT模型的泸州烟叶产业发展探讨

本文运用SWOT模型,分析了泸州烟叶产业的优势、劣势、机会和威胁,并提出了优势—机会策略、弱点—机会策略、优势—威胁策略、弱点—威胁策略,以期为提升泸州烟叶产业市场竞争力提供参考。

三种芽孢杆菌菌剂对烤烟育苗效果的影响

为深入了解微生物菌剂在烟草育苗期的作用,探究其对烟草幼苗根系生长发育和烤后烟叶品质的影响,在烟草育苗时期,向漂浮育苗营养液中分别添加3种微生物菌剂:侧孢芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌,研究微生物菌剂对烟草幼苗农艺性状、根系活力、抗氧化酶相关指标以及烤后烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明,使用微生物菌剂对烤烟农艺性状、根系活力、抗氧化酶相关指标和烤后烟叶化学成分均有影响。随着烟苗的生长,3种微生物菌剂处理中,添加侧孢芽孢杆菌较对照显著提高了烟苗的根鲜重、根长度、根表面积、根体积及SOD、POD和CAT活性,显著增强了根系活力,增加了可溶性蛋白含量,降低了MDA含量,烤后烟叶化学成分更加协调。因此,在实际生产中,推荐在烟草漂浮育苗营养液中添加侧胞芽孢杆菌促进烟苗根系发育,培育壮苗,提升烟叶品质。

120cm行距下不同株距对烤烟品种干物质与氮钾养分积累的影响

试验以烤烟云烟87和中川208为材料,研究在相同行距下,不同株距[60 cm(D1)、50 cm(D2)、40 cm(D3)]处理对不同品种平顶期烟株叶长、叶宽、干物质积累、氮和钾养分含量及积累量的影响。结果表明,随株距减小,云烟87叶长、叶宽减小,以D3处理降低较为明显,干物质积累量仅D3处理降低;根系氮素含量和积累量随株距减小而降低,D3较D1处理显著降低30.7%和43.6%,D2与D1无显著差异。叶片氮素含量和积累量随株距减小而增加,且D3显著高于D1处理;叶片钾素含量和累积量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,但无显著差异;根系和茎秆钾素含量及积累量表现为D3处理显著低于其他处理。中川208叶长、叶宽随株距减小而略有减小,干物质积累量则先升高后降低,叶片、根系氮素积累量随株距减小而降低,D3较D1、D2处理分别降低19.4%(P<0.05)和5.7%;茎秆钾素含量及累积量均随株距减小而增加。综合分析认为,株距对云烟87品种的影响大于中川208,云烟87以株距60 cm、中川208以株距50 cm较为适合烤烟生长和养分吸收利用。

Analysis of Disastrous Climate and Its Coping Mechanisms and Measures in the Tobacco-growing Areas of Luzhou

Flue-cured tobacco is one of the main pillar industries for increasing fiscal efficiency and tobacco farmers＇ income in Gulin and Xuyong counties. However, the annual loss caused by natural disasters such as low temperature and rain, rainstorm and flood, high temperature and drought, and hail accounts for about 20%, and they have become one of the important factors restricting the development of tobacco industry in Luzhou. In recent years, a lot of work has been done in disaster prevention and mitigation in the process of flue-cured tobacco production, and cer-tain results have been achieved. However, it still needs further exploration and research in the face of natural disasters that are gradually changing frequently and even develop in a normal way. In this paper, common meteorological disasters in the tobacco-growing areas of Luzhou were ana-lyzed firstly, and then corresponding countermeasures were put forward, which is of great significance to ensure the sustainable and healthy devel-opment of tobacco in Luzhou.