The green development of Chongqing municipality is crucial in establishing a major ecological shield in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.By developing a Super-SBM model and using the Malmquist index to analyze a...The green development of Chongqing municipality is crucial in establishing a major ecological shield in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.By developing a Super-SBM model and using the Malmquist index to analyze and calculate the green development efficiency and its influencing factors in Chongqing from 2011 to 2021,this study reveals an accelerating trend in the overall green development efficiency in Chongqing.The significant enhancement of green development efficiency in Chongqing is primarily attributed to changes in returns to scale.Pure technical efficiency and technological advancements have a considerable potential impact on improving green development efficiency in Chongqing.Furthermore,there are discernible disparities in green development efficiency among districts and counties in Chongqing,with different factors influencing these variations.Chongqing is suggested to promote clean and efficient energy utilization,bolster the application and commercialization of scientific and technological advancements,consistently advance ecological restoration and management,and elevate the quality of green development to a higher level.展开更多
以不同水旱轮作稻田为研究对象,对比分析不同轮作模式温室气体排放特征,挖掘关键影响因素,并将温室效应和成本-收益计量相结合,通过综合评价筛选环境友好、经济效益高的轮作模式。基于大田小区试验,设置休闲-水稻、紫云英-水稻、小麦-...以不同水旱轮作稻田为研究对象,对比分析不同轮作模式温室气体排放特征,挖掘关键影响因素,并将温室效应和成本-收益计量相结合,通过综合评价筛选环境友好、经济效益高的轮作模式。基于大田小区试验,设置休闲-水稻、紫云英-水稻、小麦-水稻、油菜-水稻、青饲小麦-水稻、蚕豆-水稻6种水旱轮作处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,于2020年6月—2021年5月进行CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放原位监测,通过结构方程模型挖掘影响CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放的关键因素,采用全球增温潜势和成本-收益计算方法,评价不同轮作制度的环境和经济效应。结果表明:不同水旱轮作模式CH_(4)累积排放量为95.6~173.3 kg·hm^(-2),排放量与冬茬秸秆还田量和水稻产量有关;N_(2)O累积排放量为1.5~2.5 kg·hm^(-2),受施氮量、冬茬秸秆还田量、水稻产量和土壤有机质含量影响。增加氮肥施用量不仅可增加N_(2)O排放量,而且会导致土壤有机质含量的降低;冬茬秸秆还田量、水稻产量的变化会导致CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放的此消彼长,即秸秆还田量和水稻产量与CH_(4)排放量呈正相关,而与N_(2)O排放量呈负相关。青饲小麦-水稻轮作模式的经济效益为10139元·hm^(-2),高于其他轮作模式。对比单位经济效益的温室气体排放量发现,尽管青饲小麦-水稻轮作模式周年N_(2)O排放量最高、土壤固碳量低,但其单位经济收益的温室气体排放量仍最低(0.41 kgCO_(2)e·元^(-1));紫云英-水稻轮作分别比油菜、小麦、休闲、蚕豆与水稻的轮作方式低51%、33%、20%和4%。不同水旱轮作方式下的稻田周年温室效应有显著差异,紫云英-水稻轮作的综合温室效应(3.1 t CO_(2)e·hm^(-2))显著低于小麦-水稻轮作(5.4 t CO_(2)e·hm^(-2))。研究表明,与其他轮作模式相比,紫云英-水稻和蚕豆-水稻轮作在保证较高经济收益的同时温室气体排放量相对较低,冬茬秸秆还田量、绿肥还田生物量是环境效应和经济效益协同的重要影响因素。展开更多
文摘The green development of Chongqing municipality is crucial in establishing a major ecological shield in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.By developing a Super-SBM model and using the Malmquist index to analyze and calculate the green development efficiency and its influencing factors in Chongqing from 2011 to 2021,this study reveals an accelerating trend in the overall green development efficiency in Chongqing.The significant enhancement of green development efficiency in Chongqing is primarily attributed to changes in returns to scale.Pure technical efficiency and technological advancements have a considerable potential impact on improving green development efficiency in Chongqing.Furthermore,there are discernible disparities in green development efficiency among districts and counties in Chongqing,with different factors influencing these variations.Chongqing is suggested to promote clean and efficient energy utilization,bolster the application and commercialization of scientific and technological advancements,consistently advance ecological restoration and management,and elevate the quality of green development to a higher level.
文摘以不同水旱轮作稻田为研究对象,对比分析不同轮作模式温室气体排放特征,挖掘关键影响因素,并将温室效应和成本-收益计量相结合,通过综合评价筛选环境友好、经济效益高的轮作模式。基于大田小区试验,设置休闲-水稻、紫云英-水稻、小麦-水稻、油菜-水稻、青饲小麦-水稻、蚕豆-水稻6种水旱轮作处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,于2020年6月—2021年5月进行CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放原位监测,通过结构方程模型挖掘影响CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放的关键因素,采用全球增温潜势和成本-收益计算方法,评价不同轮作制度的环境和经济效应。结果表明:不同水旱轮作模式CH_(4)累积排放量为95.6~173.3 kg·hm^(-2),排放量与冬茬秸秆还田量和水稻产量有关;N_(2)O累积排放量为1.5~2.5 kg·hm^(-2),受施氮量、冬茬秸秆还田量、水稻产量和土壤有机质含量影响。增加氮肥施用量不仅可增加N_(2)O排放量,而且会导致土壤有机质含量的降低;冬茬秸秆还田量、水稻产量的变化会导致CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放的此消彼长,即秸秆还田量和水稻产量与CH_(4)排放量呈正相关,而与N_(2)O排放量呈负相关。青饲小麦-水稻轮作模式的经济效益为10139元·hm^(-2),高于其他轮作模式。对比单位经济效益的温室气体排放量发现,尽管青饲小麦-水稻轮作模式周年N_(2)O排放量最高、土壤固碳量低,但其单位经济收益的温室气体排放量仍最低(0.41 kgCO_(2)e·元^(-1));紫云英-水稻轮作分别比油菜、小麦、休闲、蚕豆与水稻的轮作方式低51%、33%、20%和4%。不同水旱轮作方式下的稻田周年温室效应有显著差异,紫云英-水稻轮作的综合温室效应(3.1 t CO_(2)e·hm^(-2))显著低于小麦-水稻轮作(5.4 t CO_(2)e·hm^(-2))。研究表明,与其他轮作模式相比,紫云英-水稻和蚕豆-水稻轮作在保证较高经济收益的同时温室气体排放量相对较低,冬茬秸秆还田量、绿肥还田生物量是环境效应和经济效益协同的重要影响因素。