BACKGROUND: Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is an efficacious leukocyte chemoattractant, which can attract lymphocytes and mononuclear cells from bloodstream into the site of inflammation. Emodin., an anthraquinone d...BACKGROUND: Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is an efficacious leukocyte chemoattractant, which can attract lymphocytes and mononuclear cells from bloodstream into the site of inflammation. Emodin., an anthraquinone derivative from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, and baicalein, a flavone from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, both have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities. The expression pattern of SDF-1 in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) and the effect of emodin or baicalein on that are not well defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of emodin and baicalein on pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (reflecting leukocyte sequestration) and cytokine production, as well as tissue SDF-1 expression in the setting of AP. METHODS: A :rat model of AP was induced by administration (of 5% sodium taurocholate through the biliopancreatic duct. The level of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and MPO in the pancreas, and serum amylase were tested by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and chromatometry. The expressions of SDF-1 alpha and SDF-1 beta were detected by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULT: Combination of emodin and baicalein significantly reduced pancreatic TNIP-alpha, IL-6 and MPO, and also inhibited pancreatic SDF-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of SDF-1 expression by emodin and baicalein might contribute, in part at least, to the amelioration of pancreatic inflammation. The present study also shows benefits of simultaneous treatment of AP.展开更多
BACKGROUND: As a radical cure for post-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation has been applied in many medical centers. Before the use of effective measures...BACKGROUND: As a radical cure for post-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation has been applied in many medical centers. Before the use of effective measures, hepatitis B recurrence and the existence of HBsAg(+) donors, patients with hepatitis B-related diseases are contraindicated for liver transplantation. Application of interferon, hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), and nucleotide analogues (e.g., lamivudine) has made great progress in the clinical care of HBV. However, there are still many shortcomings such as low viral suppression rate, rising expense, and the induction of HBV tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) mutation. This article systematically reviews the current evidence that immunotherapy, conventional drug combinations, and some special fields of HBV infection correlate with liver transplantation. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed for articles using the keywords 'hepatitis B virus', 'hepatitis B vaccination', 'lamivudine', 'adefovir', 'entecavir', 'tenofovir', 'HBV genotype', and 'liver transplantation' up to October 2009. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: Hepatitis B vaccine and human monoclonal antibody have very good clinical prospects. Compared with traditional therapies, the new medical regimens have many benefits such as boosting viral suppression rate and decreasing medical expenses. The triple therapy for YMDD mutation also has an excellent therapeutic effect and a low barrier to resistance. New nucleos(t)ide analogues (entecavir and tenofovir) eliminate virus more effectively with few adverse reactions, and may replace lamivudine or HBIG in future. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis B vaccine needs further large-scale and rigorous randomized controlled trials to confirm its effective dose and injection frequency. Monoclonal antibody is still experimental, and the next step is to carry out the relevant animal and human studies. A consensus standard regimen for the treatment of hepatitis B should be developed.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30500688)
文摘BACKGROUND: Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is an efficacious leukocyte chemoattractant, which can attract lymphocytes and mononuclear cells from bloodstream into the site of inflammation. Emodin., an anthraquinone derivative from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, and baicalein, a flavone from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, both have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities. The expression pattern of SDF-1 in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) and the effect of emodin or baicalein on that are not well defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of emodin and baicalein on pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (reflecting leukocyte sequestration) and cytokine production, as well as tissue SDF-1 expression in the setting of AP. METHODS: A :rat model of AP was induced by administration (of 5% sodium taurocholate through the biliopancreatic duct. The level of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and MPO in the pancreas, and serum amylase were tested by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and chromatometry. The expressions of SDF-1 alpha and SDF-1 beta were detected by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULT: Combination of emodin and baicalein significantly reduced pancreatic TNIP-alpha, IL-6 and MPO, and also inhibited pancreatic SDF-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of SDF-1 expression by emodin and baicalein might contribute, in part at least, to the amelioration of pancreatic inflammation. The present study also shows benefits of simultaneous treatment of AP.
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(30730085)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program2006AA 02A412)
文摘BACKGROUND: As a radical cure for post-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation has been applied in many medical centers. Before the use of effective measures, hepatitis B recurrence and the existence of HBsAg(+) donors, patients with hepatitis B-related diseases are contraindicated for liver transplantation. Application of interferon, hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), and nucleotide analogues (e.g., lamivudine) has made great progress in the clinical care of HBV. However, there are still many shortcomings such as low viral suppression rate, rising expense, and the induction of HBV tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) mutation. This article systematically reviews the current evidence that immunotherapy, conventional drug combinations, and some special fields of HBV infection correlate with liver transplantation. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed for articles using the keywords 'hepatitis B virus', 'hepatitis B vaccination', 'lamivudine', 'adefovir', 'entecavir', 'tenofovir', 'HBV genotype', and 'liver transplantation' up to October 2009. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: Hepatitis B vaccine and human monoclonal antibody have very good clinical prospects. Compared with traditional therapies, the new medical regimens have many benefits such as boosting viral suppression rate and decreasing medical expenses. The triple therapy for YMDD mutation also has an excellent therapeutic effect and a low barrier to resistance. New nucleos(t)ide analogues (entecavir and tenofovir) eliminate virus more effectively with few adverse reactions, and may replace lamivudine or HBIG in future. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis B vaccine needs further large-scale and rigorous randomized controlled trials to confirm its effective dose and injection frequency. Monoclonal antibody is still experimental, and the next step is to carry out the relevant animal and human studies. A consensus standard regimen for the treatment of hepatitis B should be developed.
