The effects of simulated nitrogen(N)deposition on soil exchangeable cations were studied in three forest types of subtropical China.Four N treatments with three replications were designed for the monsoon evergreen bro...The effects of simulated nitrogen(N)deposition on soil exchangeable cations were studied in three forest types of subtropical China.Four N treatments with three replications were designed for the monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (mature forest):control(0 kg N ha-1 year-1),low N(50 kg N ha-1 year-1),medium N(100 kg N ha-1 year-1)and high N(150 kg N ha-1 year-1),and only three treatments(i.e.,control,low N,medium N)were established for the pine and mixed forests.Nitrogen had been applied continuously for 26 months before the measurement.The mature forest responded more rapidly and intensively to N additions than the pine and mixed forests,and exhibited some significant negative symptoms,e.g.,soil acidification,Al mobilization and leaching of base cations from soil.The pine and mixed forests responded slowly to N additions and exhibited no significant response of soil cations.Response of soil exchangeable cations to N deposition varied in the forests of subtropical China,depending on soil N status and land-use history.展开更多
The objective of this research is to identify DNA markers linked to QTLs controlling FHB resistance in wheat, and to compare if the QTLs in three resistant germplasm are common. Three wheat recombinant inbred populati...The objective of this research is to identify DNA markers linked to QTLs controlling FHB resistance in wheat, and to compare if the QTLs in three resistant germplasm are common. Three wheat recombinant inbred populations derived from the crosses between Alondra (susceptible) and three resistant lines, Wangshuibai, Sumai3, and 894037, respectively, were evaluated for reaction to Fusarium graminearum in greenhouse and in field conditions over years. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were screened in the populations and regression analysis was used to identify markers associated with FHB resistance. For the population of Sumai3 (resistant)/Alondra (susceptible), which contained 161 recombinant inbred lines, two SSR markers located on chromosome 3B were found to be associated with resistant QTLs. These markers accounted for 2.66.7% phenotypic variation. The 894037 (resistant)/Alondra (susceptible) population was consisted of 147 recombinant inbred lines. A total of 59 SSR primers were screened in this population and seven of them were linked to resistant QTLs. The QTLs on chromosome 3B accounted for 47.4% phenotypic variation. Minor QTLs were also located on 2D, 7A, 6B, and 4B chromosomes, and the resistant QTLs on 2D and 4B chromosomes were from Alondra. The last population of 80 recombinant inbred lines was from the cross Wangshuibai (resistant)/Alondra (susceptible). A total of 120 SSR primers were screened in this population, eight of which were linked to resistant QTLs. These markers were located on 3B, 4B, 2D, 4D, and 6D (uncertain) chromosomes respectively. The QTLs on chromosome 3B accounted for 8.927.0% phenotypic variation. The resistant QTLs on chromosomes 4B and 6D (uncertain) were from Alondra. The other QTLs were from Wangshuibai. SSR markers linked to resistant QTLs on chromosome 3B were found in all three populations, and account for higher phenotypic variation. So these markers should be useful in marker assisted selection.展开更多
The morphological characters of the newly released super hybrid rice in South China, Yueza 122, Fengyou 428, Peiza 67, and super conventional varieties, Guangchao 3, Shengtai 1 at the active tillering stage in both ...The morphological characters of the newly released super hybrid rice in South China, Yueza 122, Fengyou 428, Peiza 67, and super conventional varieties, Guangchao 3, Shengtai 1 at the active tillering stage in both early and late crops were investigated. Using the analysis of variance and other statistic methods, the ideal morphological characteristics of South China double cropping super-rice at the active tillering stage were determined. They are 55-60 cm in the early crop and 60-76 cm in the late crop for the ideal plant height, about 15 tillers in the early crop and 14-19 tillers in the late crop for the ideal tiller number per plant, 40-44 cm in the early crop and 42-60 cm in the late crop for the ideal length of the first leaf under the top leaf, 1.2-1.4 cm in the early crop and 1.2-1.3cm in the late crop for the ideal width of the first leaf under the top leaf, 39- 44 cm in the early crop and 37-43 cm in the late crop for the ideal length of the second leaf under the top leaf, 1.1-1.4 cm in the early crop and about 1.1 cm in the late crop for the ideal width of the second leaf under the top leaf, 22-58o in the early crop and 4- 12o in the late crop for the ideal top leaf angle at the active tillering stage. Based on these results, a new concept of “dynamic plant type structure” for South China double cropping super rice breeding was suggested.展开更多
The ovaries of Kun-Ming strain mice (3 weeks) were irradiated with different doses of Bragg peak or plateau region. At 10th after irradiation, ovarian and uterine weights were measured, normal and atretic primordial, ...The ovaries of Kun-Ming strain mice (3 weeks) were irradiated with different doses of Bragg peak or plateau region. At 10th after irradiation, ovarian and uterine weights were measured, normal and atretic primordial, primary, preantral follicles were identified in the largest cross-section of each ovary, and the ratio (%) of normal to total follicles of each developmental stage of oogenesis were calculated. The data showed that there was a dose-related decrease in weights of ovary and uterus and ratio展开更多
Based on previous work on the propulsion performances of single-screwpropeller, the trailing vortex model for the propeller was further improved and a comparison wasmade between the new and original calculations and t...Based on previous work on the propulsion performances of single-screwpropeller, the trailing vortex model for the propeller was further improved and a comparison wasmade between the new and original calculations and test results. The comparison shows that thecalculated results obtained with the improved vortex model are more accurate.展开更多
In this report, a universal protocol for extract-ing genomic DNA from whole blood, saliva, and bacterial culture by using magnetic nanobeads as solid-phase absor-bents was presented. The enrichment of target cells and...In this report, a universal protocol for extract-ing genomic DNA from whole blood, saliva, and bacterial culture by using magnetic nanobeads as solid-phase absor-bents was presented. The enrichment of target cells and ad-sorption of DNA have been functionally integrated onto the surfaces of the carboxyl-modified magnetic nano-beads, and the DNA segments bound on the surface of the beads can be directly used as PCR templates to amplify a target gene. The PCR products were applied to an oligonucleotide array to perform gene typing. The protocol proves to be simple, rapid, biologically and chemically nonhazardous, and promising for the microfabrication of DNA preparation chip.展开更多
Wake energy recovery of a ship’s propeller is an important research subject in ship propulsion field. Based on the study on the mechanism analysis and computation method of the hydrodynamic performance of the propell...Wake energy recovery of a ship’s propeller is an important research subject in ship propulsion field. Based on the study on the mechanism analysis and computation method of the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller-rudder-rudder bubble combination, computer simulation system was built and then used to design and simulate four kinds of rudder bubbles, then the model comparison tests with the original rudder was carried out and the sensible factors influencing the energy-saving effects of rudder bubble was also analyzed. On this basis, a further optimized design of the rudder bubble for a fishing boat was put forward, and comparison test on a real boat was then carried out. It is shown that the optimized rudder bubble design can effectively recover wake energy of ships and the rudder bubble installation features a simple operation and high cost-effectiveness, and the energy-saving effect of real boat test achieves 5.1%.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30670392)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.KZCX2-YW-432 and KSCX2-SW-133)
文摘The effects of simulated nitrogen(N)deposition on soil exchangeable cations were studied in three forest types of subtropical China.Four N treatments with three replications were designed for the monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (mature forest):control(0 kg N ha-1 year-1),low N(50 kg N ha-1 year-1),medium N(100 kg N ha-1 year-1)and high N(150 kg N ha-1 year-1),and only three treatments(i.e.,control,low N,medium N)were established for the pine and mixed forests.Nitrogen had been applied continuously for 26 months before the measurement.The mature forest responded more rapidly and intensively to N additions than the pine and mixed forests,and exhibited some significant negative symptoms,e.g.,soil acidification,Al mobilization and leaching of base cations from soil.The pine and mixed forests responded slowly to N additions and exhibited no significant response of soil cations.Response of soil exchangeable cations to N deposition varied in the forests of subtropical China,depending on soil N status and land-use history.
文摘The objective of this research is to identify DNA markers linked to QTLs controlling FHB resistance in wheat, and to compare if the QTLs in three resistant germplasm are common. Three wheat recombinant inbred populations derived from the crosses between Alondra (susceptible) and three resistant lines, Wangshuibai, Sumai3, and 894037, respectively, were evaluated for reaction to Fusarium graminearum in greenhouse and in field conditions over years. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were screened in the populations and regression analysis was used to identify markers associated with FHB resistance. For the population of Sumai3 (resistant)/Alondra (susceptible), which contained 161 recombinant inbred lines, two SSR markers located on chromosome 3B were found to be associated with resistant QTLs. These markers accounted for 2.66.7% phenotypic variation. The 894037 (resistant)/Alondra (susceptible) population was consisted of 147 recombinant inbred lines. A total of 59 SSR primers were screened in this population and seven of them were linked to resistant QTLs. The QTLs on chromosome 3B accounted for 47.4% phenotypic variation. Minor QTLs were also located on 2D, 7A, 6B, and 4B chromosomes, and the resistant QTLs on 2D and 4B chromosomes were from Alondra. The last population of 80 recombinant inbred lines was from the cross Wangshuibai (resistant)/Alondra (susceptible). A total of 120 SSR primers were screened in this population, eight of which were linked to resistant QTLs. These markers were located on 3B, 4B, 2D, 4D, and 6D (uncertain) chromosomes respectively. The QTLs on chromosome 3B accounted for 8.927.0% phenotypic variation. The resistant QTLs on chromosomes 4B and 6D (uncertain) were from Alondra. The other QTLs were from Wangshuibai. SSR markers linked to resistant QTLs on chromosome 3B were found in all three populations, and account for higher phenotypic variation. So these markers should be useful in marker assisted selection.
基金This work was supported by the National 863 Program of China(2001AA211191)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Provice,China(990501)100 Scientific Innovation Projects of Guangdong Province,China.(2KB64804N).
文摘The morphological characters of the newly released super hybrid rice in South China, Yueza 122, Fengyou 428, Peiza 67, and super conventional varieties, Guangchao 3, Shengtai 1 at the active tillering stage in both early and late crops were investigated. Using the analysis of variance and other statistic methods, the ideal morphological characteristics of South China double cropping super-rice at the active tillering stage were determined. They are 55-60 cm in the early crop and 60-76 cm in the late crop for the ideal plant height, about 15 tillers in the early crop and 14-19 tillers in the late crop for the ideal tiller number per plant, 40-44 cm in the early crop and 42-60 cm in the late crop for the ideal length of the first leaf under the top leaf, 1.2-1.4 cm in the early crop and 1.2-1.3cm in the late crop for the ideal width of the first leaf under the top leaf, 39- 44 cm in the early crop and 37-43 cm in the late crop for the ideal length of the second leaf under the top leaf, 1.1-1.4 cm in the early crop and about 1.1 cm in the late crop for the ideal width of the second leaf under the top leaf, 22-58o in the early crop and 4- 12o in the late crop for the ideal top leaf angle at the active tillering stage. Based on these results, a new concept of “dynamic plant type structure” for South China double cropping super rice breeding was suggested.
文摘The ovaries of Kun-Ming strain mice (3 weeks) were irradiated with different doses of Bragg peak or plateau region. At 10th after irradiation, ovarian and uterine weights were measured, normal and atretic primordial, primary, preantral follicles were identified in the largest cross-section of each ovary, and the ratio (%) of normal to total follicles of each developmental stage of oogenesis were calculated. The data showed that there was a dose-related decrease in weights of ovary and uterus and ratio
文摘Based on previous work on the propulsion performances of single-screwpropeller, the trailing vortex model for the propeller was further improved and a comparison wasmade between the new and original calculations and test results. The comparison shows that thecalculated results obtained with the improved vortex model are more accurate.
文摘In this report, a universal protocol for extract-ing genomic DNA from whole blood, saliva, and bacterial culture by using magnetic nanobeads as solid-phase absor-bents was presented. The enrichment of target cells and ad-sorption of DNA have been functionally integrated onto the surfaces of the carboxyl-modified magnetic nano-beads, and the DNA segments bound on the surface of the beads can be directly used as PCR templates to amplify a target gene. The PCR products were applied to an oligonucleotide array to perform gene typing. The protocol proves to be simple, rapid, biologically and chemically nonhazardous, and promising for the microfabrication of DNA preparation chip.
文摘Wake energy recovery of a ship’s propeller is an important research subject in ship propulsion field. Based on the study on the mechanism analysis and computation method of the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller-rudder-rudder bubble combination, computer simulation system was built and then used to design and simulate four kinds of rudder bubbles, then the model comparison tests with the original rudder was carried out and the sensible factors influencing the energy-saving effects of rudder bubble was also analyzed. On this basis, a further optimized design of the rudder bubble for a fishing boat was put forward, and comparison test on a real boat was then carried out. It is shown that the optimized rudder bubble design can effectively recover wake energy of ships and the rudder bubble installation features a simple operation and high cost-effectiveness, and the energy-saving effect of real boat test achieves 5.1%.
