Air pollution has been linked to many health issues,including skin conditions,especially in children.Among all the atmospheric pollutants,ultrafine particles have been deemed very dangerous since they can readily pene...Air pollution has been linked to many health issues,including skin conditions,especially in children.Among all the atmospheric pollutants,ultrafine particles have been deemed very dangerous since they can readily penetrate the lungs and skin,and be absorbed into the bloodstream.Here,we employed a human embryonic stem cell(h ESC)-based differentiation system towards keratinocytes,to test the effects of ultrafine carbon particles,which mimic ambient ultrafine particles,at environment related concentrations.We found that10 ng/mL to 10μg/mL ultrafine carbon particles down-regulated the expression of the pluripotency marker SOX2 in h ESCs.Moreover,1μg/mL to 10μg/mL carbon particle treatments disrupted the keratinocyte differentiation,and up-regulated inflammationand psoriasis-related genes,such as IL-1β,IL-6,CXCL1,CXCL2,CXCL3,CCL20,CXCL8,and S100 A7 and S100 A9,respectively.Overall,our results provide a new insight into the potential developmental toxicity of atmospheric ultrafine particles.展开更多
Activated sludge(AS),a common biological secondary treatment process in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),is known to remove a large spectrum of microorganisms.Yet little is known about its effect on the entire viral...Activated sludge(AS),a common biological secondary treatment process in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),is known to remove a large spectrum of microorganisms.Yet little is known about its effect on the entire viral community.After compiling 3 Tbp of next-generation sequencing(NGS)metagenomic/viromic datasets consisted of 119 sub-datasets of influent,effluent,and AS samples from 27WWTPs,viral removal efficacy is evaluated through data mining.The normalized abundance of viruses suggests effluents exhibit the highest viral prevalence(3.21±3.26%,n=13)followed by the AS(0.48±0.25%,n=57)and influents(0.23±0.17%,n=17).In contrast,plasmids,representing genetic element of bacteria,show higher average prevalence(0.73±0.82%,n=17)in influents than those of the AS(0.63±0.26%,n=57)and effluents(0.35±0.42%,n=13).Furthermore,the abundance-occupancy analysis identifies 142 core phage viruses and 17 non-phages core viruses,including several pathogenic viruses in the AS virome.The persistent occurrence of pathogenic viruses,coupled with nonfavorable virus removal by the AS treatment,reveals the hidden virus threats in biologically treated domestic wastewater.The mechanisms for why viruses persist and the possibility that WWTPs are potential hotspots for viral survival deserve attention.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21876197,21577166,21707160)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB14040301,QYZDJSSW-DQC017)the K.C.Wong Education Foundation
文摘Air pollution has been linked to many health issues,including skin conditions,especially in children.Among all the atmospheric pollutants,ultrafine particles have been deemed very dangerous since they can readily penetrate the lungs and skin,and be absorbed into the bloodstream.Here,we employed a human embryonic stem cell(h ESC)-based differentiation system towards keratinocytes,to test the effects of ultrafine carbon particles,which mimic ambient ultrafine particles,at environment related concentrations.We found that10 ng/mL to 10μg/mL ultrafine carbon particles down-regulated the expression of the pluripotency marker SOX2 in h ESCs.Moreover,1μg/mL to 10μg/mL carbon particle treatments disrupted the keratinocyte differentiation,and up-regulated inflammationand psoriasis-related genes,such as IL-1β,IL-6,CXCL1,CXCL2,CXCL3,CCL20,CXCL8,and S100 A7 and S100 A9,respectively.Overall,our results provide a new insight into the potential developmental toxicity of atmospheric ultrafine particles.
基金research was funded by Guangdong Province Foundation for Young Scholars(2019A1515110461)Institute of Archaeal Geo-Omics Research(ZDSYS20180208184390).
文摘Activated sludge(AS),a common biological secondary treatment process in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),is known to remove a large spectrum of microorganisms.Yet little is known about its effect on the entire viral community.After compiling 3 Tbp of next-generation sequencing(NGS)metagenomic/viromic datasets consisted of 119 sub-datasets of influent,effluent,and AS samples from 27WWTPs,viral removal efficacy is evaluated through data mining.The normalized abundance of viruses suggests effluents exhibit the highest viral prevalence(3.21±3.26%,n=13)followed by the AS(0.48±0.25%,n=57)and influents(0.23±0.17%,n=17).In contrast,plasmids,representing genetic element of bacteria,show higher average prevalence(0.73±0.82%,n=17)in influents than those of the AS(0.63±0.26%,n=57)and effluents(0.35±0.42%,n=13).Furthermore,the abundance-occupancy analysis identifies 142 core phage viruses and 17 non-phages core viruses,including several pathogenic viruses in the AS virome.The persistent occurrence of pathogenic viruses,coupled with nonfavorable virus removal by the AS treatment,reveals the hidden virus threats in biologically treated domestic wastewater.The mechanisms for why viruses persist and the possibility that WWTPs are potential hotspots for viral survival deserve attention.