陆相中高成熟页岩油“组分流动”条件及其在提高页岩油产量中的作用

基于中国陆相页岩油区重点试采井的生产曲线、生产制度、烃产物数量和产出烃构成随时间的变化等资料,开展页岩油精细馏分切割和页岩油组成变化对宏观流动性影响的试验以及分子动力学数值模拟,提出页岩油“组分流动”概念,并对组分流动的形成机理与条件进行探讨。研究表明:(1)在地下页岩微纳米孔隙中,轻烃、中质烃和重烃会按相似相溶原理发生混相,使重烃等难流动组分以分子聚集体方式“悬浮”在轻烃和中质烃溶剂中,从而显著降低其黏度并增加流动性和流动量;(2)小分子芳烃是组分流动发生的载体,气态烃和轻烃含量越高,越利于抑制胶质和沥青等重组分形成尺寸更大的聚集体,并增加其塑性变形能力,组分流动效果越好;(3)较高的地层温度可降低蜡质等重烃组分黏度,提高其流动性;(4)保存条件、地层能量和生产制度对控制轻烃组分含量、流出速度和形成稳定的“组分流动”都有重要作用,是页岩油多组分烃形成最优配伍和最大流动量的重要影响因素。地下页岩油“组分流动”概念的提出对于提高页岩油单井产量和累计采出量具有重要意义。

原油裂解气资源评价的理论技术创新与评价应用——以四川盆地震旦系—寒武系为例

四川盆地震旦系—寒武系天然气资源丰富。近年来,在四川盆地川中古隆起和北部斜坡区先后获得了两个万亿级大气区的重大发现。为了明确该领域天然气的资源规模以及未来的勘探方向和创建一套切实可行的原油裂解气资源量的评估方法,本次研究基于该区天然气为古油藏原油裂解的基本认识,按照干酪根生油,再到古油藏裂解生气的技术路线对原油裂解气的资源量进行计算。应用成因法,采用PetroMod 3D盆地模拟软件,输入地层等厚图、岩相古地理图、烃源岩综合评价图、剥蚀量展布图以及生油动力学参数图版,建立整个盆地的三维地质模型,并切分为5个区块分别计算生油量,然后探讨了石油运聚系数、石油裂解率、天然气散失率以及寒武系石油运移的分配系数,并创建了天然气散失系数计算公式。在以上基础上,恢复了盆地及5个构造单元的生油史,并明确了古油藏形成的关键时刻,最终得到全盆地震旦系—寒武系常规天然气资源量为13.43×10^(12)m^(3),其中寒武系为5.43×10^(12)m^(3),震旦系为8.0×10^(12)m^(3)。并指出除了川中地区以外,川南和川东具有巨大的勘探潜力,尤其是位于川南地区德阳—安岳裂陷槽两侧的台缘带和台内颗粒滩是下一步勘探的现实领域。本次研究在理论创新和勘探实践中都具有重要意义。

从能源大国到能源强国:国际经验与中国路径

能源是强国之基、推动经济社会高质量和可持续发展的关键支撑。本文梳理了世界主要能源强国或大国的能源建设经验,归纳出能源供应稳定多元、能源消费低碳高效、能源科技创新引领、能源市场开放有序、能源治理体系完备等世界能源强国的普遍特征;在辨识我国能源强国建设的优势与短板的基础上,提出了建设能源强国的中国路径,包括阶段性目标、重点任务和关键举措。研究建议:加大煤炭资源的清洁利用力度,增强煤炭在能源安全中的兜底保障作用;加大油气资源勘探开发和增储上产力度,推进陆相页岩油革命,努力提高油气自给保障能力;推动可再生能源规模化,积极布局氢能等清洁能源,通过多能源协同提高能源安全供应能力、兼顾落实减碳目标。相关举措将有力支撑我国从能源大国到能源强国的顺利转变。

农用拖拉机动力系统智能化维修平台应用

通过对农用拖拉机动力系统故障识别和检修过程进行描述,基于CAN总线通讯的方式,进行拖拉机动力系统智能维修平台硬件结构搭建,并采用高性能中央处理器,实现智能维修平台的功能原理和硬件结构。应用结果表明:系统运行过程可靠,动力系统故障定位准确,能够有效提升维修人员对动力系统故障的定位和故障维修的能力。

祁连山国家公园煤矿修复对地表节肢动物多样性的影响

高寒山区煤矿覆土回填和种植草本植物能够快速改善环境,强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性及其生态功能,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应还会因海拔及放牧扰动强度的变化而异。选择祁连山国家公园甘肃片区中部西营河和东大河保护站煤矿修复区和毗邻草地(对照区)为研究对象,利用陷阱法调查煤矿修复区及对照区地表节肢动物的种类组成和数量变化,解析地表节肢动物群落及关键类群对煤矿修复的响应模式,确定影响地表节肢动物多样性变化的关键要素。结果表明,煤矿修复缩小了修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落差异,但煤矿修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落组成明显不同并存在地域差异。西营河煤矿修复显著提高了地表节肢动物活动密度,而东大河保护站煤矿修复导致地表节肢动物活动密度略有降低,地表节肢动物类群丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数变化与活动密度相反。主要地表节肢动物科对煤矿矿区修复的响应模式不同并存在区域差异,西营河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了平腹蛛科、微蛛亚科和隐翅虫科的活动密度,但显著降低了硬体盲蛛科和象甲科的活动密度;东大河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了步甲科活动密度,但降低了蚁科和狼蛛科的活动密度。pRDA排序结果表明,海拔高度和全氮含量解释了西营河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区20.8%的地表节肢动物群落变异;草本地上生物量和海拔高度解释了东大河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区24.3%的地表节肢动物群落变异。总之,高寒山区人工覆土和植被建设引起的植被和土壤环境变化强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应存在明显的区域差异,地表节肢动物多样性可以指示和评估煤矿修复效果。

退耕对民勤绿洲土壤碳氮循环关键微生物及功能基因的影响

采用时空互代法,以巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘民勤绿洲不同退耕年限样地土壤为研究对象,利用微生物宏基因组测序技术,以KEGG数据库碳固定、氮代谢途径为工具,研究长期退耕对参与区域土壤碳固定和氮代谢途径的主要微生物群落组成及其功能基因变化的影响。试验共设置9个退耕年限梯度样地:未退耕耕地、退耕1年样地、退耕2年样地、退耕4年样地、退耕8年样地、退耕13年样地、退耕20年样地、退耕30年样地和退耕40年样地。结果表明:退耕明显改变了碳固定、氮代谢土壤微生物和功能基因丰度,细菌在碳固定和氮代谢两个过程中均起到主导作用;还原三羧酸循环途径、还原乙酰辅酶A途径以及3-羟基丙酸/4-羟基丁酸循环途径等为研究区土壤微生物主要碳固定途径,厌氧氨氧化途径、硝酸盐异化还原途径、硝酸盐同化还原途径、反硝化途径以及硝化途径等为研究区土壤微生物主要氮代谢途径;芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、未分类绿弯菌属(unclassified_Chloroflexi)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等是区域土壤微生物碳固定主要菌属,氮代谢则以腈基降解菌属(Nitriliruptor)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、土壤红杆菌属(Solirubrobacter)、未分类绿弯菌属(unclassified_Chloroflexi)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等为主;Gemmatirosa、未分类绿弯菌属(unclassified_Conexibacter)、未分类念珠菌门(unclassified_Candidatus Rokubacteria)、Gaiella和Geminicoccus等5个属分类土壤微生物可作为研究区退耕地碳固定途径标记性微生物种群,coxL.cutL和ACO.acnA等是研究区退耕地土壤微生物碳固定途径主要响应功能基因;腈基降解菌属(Nitriliruptor)、未分类念珠菌门(unclassified_Candidatus Rokubacteria)、Geminicoccus、未分类绿弯菌属(unclassified_Conexibacter)、土壤红杆菌属(Solirubrobacter)、未分类酸杆菌门(unclassified_Acidobacteria)和红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter)等7个属分类土壤微生物可作为研究区退耕地氮代谢途径标记性微生物种群,GDH2和E1.4.7.1是研究区退耕地土壤微生物氮代谢途径主要响应功能基因。该结果对于明确退耕影响下民勤绿洲土壤碳氮循环过程具有重要意义。

川中地区震旦系灯影组-寒武系龙王庙组储层焦沥青赋存特征与成因机制

川中地区震旦系灯影组—下寒武统龙王庙组储层内存在明显的热液活动痕迹,焦沥青也表现出热液蚀变的特征,然而很少有研究去探讨热液活动与天然气成藏演化的关系,导致现今对灯影组油气成藏演化史的认识还存在明显不足。然而,热液对灯影组油气成藏的影响不可忽略,要正确认识灯影组天然气的成藏演化过程并识别勘探有利区,还需要对热液裂解气聚集成藏方面进行更深入的研究。基于对焦沥青的充填特征、光学纹理及结构特征的详细研究,结合热液矿物捕获的流体包裹体地球化学的研究方法,探讨了灯影组—龙王庙组储层内焦沥青的成因,分析了热液活动与原油裂解之间的关系。川中地区灯影组—龙王庙组焦沥青形成于热液活动期间,具有与中间相相同的光学各向异性特征。焦沥青可以划分为4种类型:细粒镶嵌型、中粒镶嵌型、粗粒镶嵌型及流线型,其形成温度过300℃,远超地层最大埋深温度,显示出热液成因的特征。热液活动发生于晚二叠世,与峨眉山地幔柱活动相关,热液流体温度超过300℃,导致了灯影组—龙王庙组储层内的原油裂解。研究发现热液活动将灯影组—龙王庙组古油藏内原油裂解的时间提前到了晚二叠世,打破了灯影组—龙王庙组现有的成藏模式,有助于对天然气成藏演化过程的重新认识和聚集有利区的识别。

干旱区气候变化及其对山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程影响研究进展

在干旱区,水是形成绿洲的根本要素。干旱区高寒山地是维系西北干旱区绿洲存在、是当地国民经济持续发展和生态环境稳定的水源地,山地森林生态系统具有重要的涵养水源功能,有“绿色水库”之称。气候变化将改变山地生态系统结构、组成和水循环,加剧水资源短缺,威胁干旱区绿洲安全。回顾并综述了干旱区气候变化及其对干旱区山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程的影响研究进展,指出了研究中存在的问题,并提出未来在干旱区山地仍需要评估优于1 km空间分辨率的气候变化趋势,从多尺度、多界面、多学科、多方法开展气候变化对干旱区山地森林生态系统稳定性和水文过程影响的综合研究,以促进干旱区山地生态学的发展,为干旱区管理部门提供适应和缓解气候变化、科学的制定气候变化条件下水资源管理方案、实现水资源的有效管理奠定理论基础,促进干旱区气候变化条件下的环境和社会经济可持续性发展。

Response of vegetation variation to climate change and human activities in the Shiyang River Basin of China during 2001-2022

Understanding the response of vegetation variation to climate change and human activities is critical for addressing future conflicts between humans and the environment,and maintaining ecosystem stability.Here,we aimed to identify the determining factors of vegetation variation and explore the sensitivity of vegetation to temperature(SVT)and the sensitivity of vegetation to precipitation(SVP)in the Shiyang River Basin(SYRB)of China during 2001-2022.The climate data from climatic research unit(CRU),vegetation index data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS),and land use data from Landsat images were used to analyze the spatial-temporal changes in vegetation indices,climate,and land use in the SYRB and its sub-basins(i.e.,upstream,midstream,and downstream basins)during 2001-2022.Linear regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to explore the SVT and SVP,revealing the driving factors of vegetation variation.Significant increasing trends(P<0.05)were detected for the enhanced vegetation index(EVI)and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)in the SYRB during 2001-2022,with most regions(84%)experiencing significant variation in vegetation,and land use change was determined as the dominant factor of vegetation variation.Non-significant decreasing trends were detected in the SVT and SVP of the SYRB during 2001-2022.There were spatial differences in vegetation variation,SVT,and SVP.Although NDVI and EVI exhibited increasing trends in the upstream,midstream,and downstream basins,the change slope in the downstream basin was lower than those in the upstream and midstream basins,the SVT in the upstream basin was higher than those in the midstream and downstream basins,and the SVP in the downstream basin was lower than those in the upstream and midstream basins.Temperature and precipitation changes controlled vegetation variation in the upstream and midstream basins while human activities(land use change)dominated vegetation variation in the downstream basin.We concluded that there is a spatial heterogeneity in the response of vegetation variation to climate change and human activities across different sub-basins of the SYRB.These findings can enhance our understanding of the relationship among vegetation variation,climate change,and human activities,and provide a reference for addressing future conflicts between humans and the environment in the arid inland river basins.

Effects of wind speed,underlying surface,and seed morphological traits on the secondary seed dispersal in the Tengger Desert,China

The maintenance of sand-fixing vegetation is important for the stability of artificial sand-fixing systems in which seed dispersal plays a key role.Based on field wind tunnel experiments using 11 common plant species on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert,China,we studied the secondary seed dispersal in the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes as well as in the mobile dunes in order to understand the limitations of vegetation regeneration and the maintenance of its stability.Our results indicated that there were significant variations among the selected 11 plant species in the threshold of wind speed(TWS).The TWS of Caragana korshinskii was the highest among the 11 plant species,whereas that of Echinops gmelinii was the lowest.Seed morphological traits and underlying surface could generally explain the TWS.During the secondary seed dispersal processes,the proportions of seeds that did not disperse(no dispersal)and only dispersed over short distance(short-distance dispersal within the wind tunnel test section)were significantly higher than those of seeds that were buried(including lost seeds)and dispersed over long distance(long-distance dispersal beyond the wind tunnel test section).Compared with other habitats,the mobile dunes were the most difficult places for secondary seed dispersal.Buried seeds were the easiest to be found in the semi-fixed sand dunes,whereas fixed sand dunes were the best sites for seeds that dispersed over long distance.The results of linear mixed models showed that after controlling the dispersal distance,smaller and rounder seeds dispersed farther.Shape index and wind speed were the two significant influencing factors on the burial of seeds.The explanatory power of wind speed,underlying surface,and seed morphological traits on the seeds that did not disperse and dispersed over short distance was far greater than that on the seeds that were buried and dispersed over long distance,implying that the processes and mechanisms of burial and long-distance dispersal are more complex.In summary,most seeds in the study area either did not move,were buried,or dispersed over short distance,promoting local vegetation regeneration.

Utilizing sediment grain size characteristics to assess the effectiveness of clay–sand barriers in reducing aeolian erosion in Minqin desert area,China

The clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area,China,represent a pioneering windbreak and sand fixation project with a venerable history of 60 a.However,studies on evaluating the long-term effectiveness of clay–sand barriers against aeolian erosion,particularly from the perspective of surface sediment grain size,are limited and thus insufficient to ascertain the protective impact of these barriers on regional aeolian activities.This study focused on the surface sediments(topsoil of 0–3 cm depth)of clay–sand barriers in Minqin desert area to explain their erosion resistance from the perspective of surface sediment grain size.In March 2023,six clay–sand barrier sampling plots with clay–sand barriers of different deployment durations(1,5,10,20,40,and 60 a)were selected as experimental plots,and one control sampling plot was set in an adjacent mobile sandy area without sand barriers.Surface sediment samples were collected from the topsoil of each sampling plot in the study area in April 2023 and sediment grain size characteristics were analyzed.Results indicated a predominance of fine and medium sands in the surface sediments of the study area.The deployment of clay–sand barriers cultivated a fine quality in grain size composition of the regional surface sediments,increasing the average contents of very fine sand,silt,and clay by 30.82%,417.38%,and 381.52%,respectively.This trend became markedly pronounced a decade after the deployment of clay–sand barriers.The effectiveness of clay–sand barriers in erosion resistance was manifested through reduced wind velocity,the interception of sand flow,and the promotion of fine surface sediment particles.Coarser particles such as medium,coarse,and very coarse sands predominantly accumulated on the external side of the barriers,while finer particles such as fine and very fine sands concentrated in the upwind(northwest)region of the barriers.By contrast,the contents of finest particles such as silt and clay were higher in the downwind(southeast)region of the sampling plots.For the study area,the deployment of clay–sand barriers remains one of the most cost-effective engineering solutions for aeolian erosion control,with sediment grain size parameters serving as quantitative indicators for the assessment of these barriers in combating desertification.The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the construction of windbreak and sand fixation systems and the optimization of artificial sand control projects in arid desert areas.

“Component flow”conditions and its effects on enhancing production of continental medium-to-high maturity shale oil

Based on the production curves,changes in hydrocarbon composition and quantities over time,and production systems from key trial production wells in lacustrine shale oil areas in China,fine fraction cutting experiments and molecular dynamics numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of changes in shale oil composition on macroscopic fluidity.The concept of“component flow”for shale oil was proposed,and the formation mechanism and conditions of component flow were discussed.The research reveals findings in four aspects.First,a miscible state of light,medium and heavy hydrocarbons form within micropores/nanopores of underground shale according to similarity and intermiscibility principles,which make components with poor fluidity suspended as molecular aggregates in light and medium hydrocarbon solvents,such as heavy hydrocarbons,thereby decreasing shale oil viscosity and enhancing fluidity and outflows.Second,small-molecule aromatic hydrocarbons act as carriers for component flow,and the higher the content of gaseous and light hydrocarbons,the more conducive it is to inhibit the formation of larger aggregates of heavy components such as resin and asphalt,thus increasing their plastic deformation ability and bringing about better component flow efficiency.Third,higher formation temperatures reduce the viscosity of heavy hydrocarbon components,such as wax,thereby improving their fluidity.Fourth,preservation conditions,formation energy,and production system play important roles in controlling the content of light hydrocarbon components,outflow rate,and forming stable“component flow”,which are crucial factors for the optimal compatibility and maximum flow rate of multi-component hydrocarbons in shale oil.The component flow of underground shale oil is significant for improving single-well production and the cumulative ultimate recovery of shale oil.

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定黑土地地表基质调查样品中碘

碘是活跃元素,价态多,各价态间易相互转化,使其具有熔点低、易挥发,严重记忆效应的独特性质,其分析一直是个挑战。传统方法如半熔法、高压密闭法等存在操作难度大、消解时间长、工作效率低等问题。通过采用硝酸-氢氟酸微波消解处理样品,并利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定碘含量,克服了传统碘分析方法的一系列问题。研究了不同酸体系和赶酸时间对样品分解效率和挥发损失的影响,同时验证了不同冲洗液对降低碘记忆效应的效果。在此基础上,确定了最佳反应条件为7 mL硝酸+1 mL氢氟酸混合酸比例,180℃赶酸控温程序,并采用2%NH_(3)·H_(2)O充当冲洗液,降低了ICP-MS测定过程中的记忆效应,提高测试的稳定性。为验证该使用国家一级标准物质对方法的准确性和精密度进行验证,结果表明,方法的准确度(Δlgc)为0.001~0.004,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~3.4%,相关系数为0.9998,检出限为0.17 mg/kg,定量限为0.54 mg/kg,表现出较好的准确度和精密度,满足规范要求。通过实际样品测试,进一步验证了方法的可行性,实验结果表明,相对偏差在1.6%~4.1%。方法操作方便、试剂用量少、工作效率高,适用于测定黑土地地表基质调查样品,同时也为碘的快速、准确分析提供了一种可行的解决方案。

Notes for the 50th Anniversary Special Issue of Petroleum Exploration and Development

The year of 2024 marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Petroleum Exploration and Development.For half a century,Petroleum Exploration and Development has been committed to disseminating petroleum technology,witnessing and recording the glorious journey of China's petroleum industry from being weak to becoming strong.The journal has also become a bright banner in China's petroleum technology industry.

深共晶溶剂在生态地质样品分析中的应用研究

新型绿色溶剂的开发和利用是当前的研究热点。将绿色溶剂替代传统溶剂用于生态地质样品前处理过程,可以减少对实验人员及环境的危害。深共晶溶剂因其具有可生物降解性、低环境影响、低成本和易于合成等优点,逐渐被应用于生态地质样品中分析物的提取和分离。文章在介绍深共晶溶剂的概念、制备方法和主要理化特性的基础上,综述了该技术在水、土壤和生物样品检测中的最新研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望,认为深共晶溶剂是一类有望替代传统有毒有害溶剂的新型绿色溶剂,但仍需要解决其高黏度的缺点,同时要加强提取机理研究和与多种检测方法联用技术的研究。

高效液相色谱法测定水中草甘膦

文章研究利用高效液相色谱法测定水中草甘膦这一分析方法的有效性。用C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以磷酸盐缓冲液、乙腈为磷酸盐缓冲液(35∶65,V/V)为流动相,流速为1.0m L/min,用高效液相色谱法进行测定;检测波长为302 nm。该方法检出限为0.063μg/L,相对标准偏差为0.10%。对于试验中草甘膦的回收率表现出了高度准确性,回收率范围达到了97.6%~100.1%。在10μg/L目标物本底质量浓度下进行加标试验,回收率表现为97.57%;而在100μg/L目标物本底质量浓度下的加标试验中,回收率则显著提高至99.8%;150μg/L目标物本底质量浓度的加标回收率达到了99.2%。该方法检测结果准确、可靠,且回收率较高,适用于检测水中草甘膦。

我国陆相中高熟页岩油富集条件与分布特征

我国相继在多个盆地陆相页岩油勘探中获得突破,展示了良好的发展前景。基于现阶段勘探认识,本文认为陆相页岩油富集主要条件是:(1)稳定且有规模和适宜热成熟度的富有机质页岩是重要物质基础,以TOC含量>2%,最佳为3%~4%、母质类型Ⅰ和Ⅱ_(1)型为主,R_(o)>0.9%或更高(咸化环境0.8%);(2)有一定容积规模的微纳米孔隙且具脆性的多类储层是重要条件,页岩储层有效孔隙度宜>3%~6%;成岩阶段偏低时,纯页岩段不是中高熟页岩油富集段,致密砂岩和混积岩黏土含量宜<20%;成岩阶段高时,页岩黏土含量可高至40%左右;(3)滞留烃数量大且品质好是重要保证,以S_(1)>2 mg/g为门限,最佳>4~6 mg/g;气油比>80 m^(3)/m^(3),最佳150~300 m^(3)/m^(3);(4)顶底板具封闭性保持超压且滞留足够多轻-中组分烃类。陆相页岩油分布特征是:(1)有外物质注入的深-半深湖相是页岩油主要富集区;(2)具备“四高一保”条件的页岩层系控制页岩油垂向富集分布;(3)页岩组构与岩性组合对富集区/段分布也有重要控制作用。初步评价我国陆相中高熟页岩油地质资源量(131~163)×10^(8) t,其中经济偏好的地质资源量(67~84)×10^(8) t,主要分布在鄂尔多斯盆地长7^(1+2)、松辽盆地古龙凹陷青一、二段、渤海湾盆地沧东、岐口凹陷和济阳坳陷孔店组、沙河街组与准噶尔盆地芦草沟组等层系。

陆相页岩油可动烃富集因素与古龙页岩油勘探潜力评价

通过对中国主要中高熟页岩油探区的地质特征和生产实践分析,结合分析化验结果,提出陆相页岩油能否投入规模开发需要兼备3个条件:初始产量有经济性、单井累计采油量有经济性与经试采证实的可动用储量有规模,明确了可动烃数量与品质是决定页岩油能否经济开发的关键,也是页岩油富集区/段评价需要关注的重点。研究提出可动烃富集评价指标包括:(1)形成滞留烃的物质基础,以TOC>2%为必要条件,3%~4%最好,母质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型;(2)滞留烃流动性,与烃组分构成及其中轻/重烃组分流动特征密切相关,可从热成熟度(R_(o))、气油比(GOR)、原油密度、烃组分构成品质、保存条件等方面评价;(3)工程关联要素,包括孔喉主分布区、储集物性(含裂缝)、页理特征与成岩阶段。据此建立3类13项评价指标及参考值,评价认为古龙页岩油轻质油带可动烃富集条件最有利,其次为稀油带和黑油带,其中R_(o)>1.2%、压力系数大于1.4、有效孔隙度大于6%、原油密度小于0.82 g/cm^(3)与GOR>100m^(3)/m^(3)的轻质油资源量20.8×10^(8)t。古龙页岩油可依据页岩油流动特征,按资源甜点、工程甜点和致密油型甜点分类勘探开发,是中国最具希望实现规模突破和建产的陆相页岩油分布区。

中国超深层油气勘探领域研究进展与关键问题

基于油气勘探发现和地质认识进展,从成盆、成烃、成储及成藏的内在地质过程出发,揭示沉积盆地超深层油气的形成与赋存规律并探讨超深层领域的关键科学问题。中国超深层主要经历中新元古代和早古生代2个伸展-聚敛旋回,构造-沉积分异产生空间上相邻的源-储组合;发育丘滩体型、岩溶缝洞型、断溶型、白云岩型和断裂带型等多种类型规模性碳酸盐岩储集体、超压型碎屑岩和基岩裂缝性储集体;油气多期复合成藏,晚期调整定位;油气分布受高能滩带、区域不整合面、古隆起与大型断裂带等的控制;赋存多种成因的天然气和轻质油。超深层油气资源占剩余总资源量的33%,为中国油气勘探的重要接替领域;超深层的大型成藏地质单元与规模富集区带将是持续取得油气大发现的重点方向,勘探前景广阔。超深层油气地质条件和富集区带预测为油气地质学研究的关键科学问题。

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系长73亚段页岩有机质转化率、排烃效率与页岩油主富集类型

针对鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长73亚段页岩油资源主富集类型不清等问题,开展长73亚段页岩有机质生烃转化率、排烃效率与页岩顶底板保存条件等方面研究,并对长73亚段页岩油主富集类型进行评价。研究认为:长73亚段页岩有机质转化率平均为45%左右,有大于50%的有机质尚未向石油烃转化,且成熟度越低,未转化有机质占比越大。已转化石油烃的累计排烃效率平均为27.5%,未转化有机质加上滞留烃占比大于70%;长73亚段页岩的相对排烃效率平均为60%,约40%已转化烃留滞在源岩内部。长73亚段页岩顶底板分别为长71—2亚段和长8段砂岩,之上还有长6段砂岩,已在有孔渗能力的部位形成大规模低孔渗—致密油藏,且长73亚段页岩为负压,压力系数为0.80~0.85,顶底板保存条件较差,滞留烃多以吸附态存在,可动性较差。评价认为长73亚段中高熟页岩油不是主富集类型,但在避开长6段、长8段和长71—2亚段已形成油藏区且断层、裂缝不发育的顶底板封闭性良好部位,应存在流动性较好的中高熟页岩油富集机会;中低熟页岩油资源潜力巨大,是长73亚段页岩油主富集类型,宜通过先导试验准备相关技术并落实资源可利用性与分布。