This communication demonstrates the feasibility of the gel-clot method for the analysis of bacterial endotoxins in water extracts of perfluorocarbon which is a water insoluble liquid medical device. Perfluorocarbon （...This communication demonstrates the feasibility of the gel-clot method for the analysis of bacterial endotoxins in water extracts of perfluorocarbon which is a water insoluble liquid medical device. Perfluorocarbon （10 mL） was shaken with 10 mL water for 15 min at 2000 r/min and the endotoxin present was extracted to the aqueous phase without interference inhibition/enhancement of the product and the recovery of endotoxin added to perfluorocarbon was determined, A validation study confirmed that endotoxins presented in perfluorocarbon pass over into the aqueous phase at concentrations of 20, 10 and 5EU/mL with recoveries from 86.8% to 96.8%. Therefore, the gel-clot test is suitable for detecting bacterial endotoxins in perfluorocarbon which is a water insoluble medical device.展开更多
Geological reserves of oil-water transition zone(OWTZ)in low-permeability reservoirs have been considered as uneconomical resources because of high water cut and low abundance.Though the OWTZ may account for 30%-50%of...Geological reserves of oil-water transition zone(OWTZ)in low-permeability reservoirs have been considered as uneconomical resources because of high water cut and low abundance.Though the OWTZ may account for 30%-50%of a reservoir,it has not been paid more attentions yet.The average oil saturation of the OWTZ is about 35%,which is equal to that of a reservoir after water flooding.Currently,CO_(2) flooding is an effective technique for residual oil recovery after water flooding,which could reduce the residual oil saturation greatly.Therefore,it is of significance for the EOR of the low-permeability reservoir if the CO_(2) flooding could be successfully applied in the OWTZ.In this study,a method based on a long core to simulate distribution of oil saturation in OWTZs is set up in the laboratory using bidirectional saturation.In order to investigate CO_(2) flooding characteristics in OWTZs,experiments are carried out on 3 sets of initial oil saturation,and the recoverable reserves of the OWTZ and its contribution to the EOR are calculated based on the WJ reservoir in the Jilin Oilfield,China.展开更多
文摘This communication demonstrates the feasibility of the gel-clot method for the analysis of bacterial endotoxins in water extracts of perfluorocarbon which is a water insoluble liquid medical device. Perfluorocarbon （10 mL） was shaken with 10 mL water for 15 min at 2000 r/min and the endotoxin present was extracted to the aqueous phase without interference inhibition/enhancement of the product and the recovery of endotoxin added to perfluorocarbon was determined, A validation study confirmed that endotoxins presented in perfluorocarbon pass over into the aqueous phase at concentrations of 20, 10 and 5EU/mL with recoveries from 86.8% to 96.8%. Therefore, the gel-clot test is suitable for detecting bacterial endotoxins in perfluorocarbon which is a water insoluble medical device.
基金The work was supported by the program of New Technologies and Methods for Oil and Gas Field Development(2016A-09).
文摘Geological reserves of oil-water transition zone(OWTZ)in low-permeability reservoirs have been considered as uneconomical resources because of high water cut and low abundance.Though the OWTZ may account for 30%-50%of a reservoir,it has not been paid more attentions yet.The average oil saturation of the OWTZ is about 35%,which is equal to that of a reservoir after water flooding.Currently,CO_(2) flooding is an effective technique for residual oil recovery after water flooding,which could reduce the residual oil saturation greatly.Therefore,it is of significance for the EOR of the low-permeability reservoir if the CO_(2) flooding could be successfully applied in the OWTZ.In this study,a method based on a long core to simulate distribution of oil saturation in OWTZs is set up in the laboratory using bidirectional saturation.In order to investigate CO_(2) flooding characteristics in OWTZs,experiments are carried out on 3 sets of initial oil saturation,and the recoverable reserves of the OWTZ and its contribution to the EOR are calculated based on the WJ reservoir in the Jilin Oilfield,China.
