Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease.The diversity and heterogeneity of immune cells in human skin have been studied in recent years,but the spatial distribution of immune cells at the single-cell l...Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease.The diversity and heterogeneity of immune cells in human skin have been studied in recent years,but the spatial distribution of immune cells at the single-cell level in the human psoriatic epidermis and dermis remains unclear.In this study,we mapped psoriatic skin immune cells from paired lesional,perilesional,and nonlesional skin samples using mass cytometry.Phenotypic dendritic cells(DCs)were found in the psoriatic epidermis and dermis.Psoriatic dermal CD1c^(+)CD11b^(+)cDC2s migrated to the epidermis in the perilesional skin during the preinitiation stage.CD1c^(+)CD11b^(+)cDC2s rapidly replaced EpCAM^(+)CD11c^(low) LC cells and initiated inflammation.Simultaneously,CD207^(+)CD11c^(hi) LC and CD5^(+)T cells accumulated in the psoriatic epidermis and orchestrated epidermal inflammation in psoriasis.The immune cell pool in the psoriatic dermis primarily included APCs and T cells.However,unlike that in the dermis,the epidermal immune environment was more significant and coincided with the inflammation occurring during psoriasis.展开更多
Indian hematite fines are normally characterized by high iron grade and minor impurities, which are usually used for sinter fines. With macroscale operations technology of blast furnace in Indian, pellets, as a kind o...Indian hematite fines are normally characterized by high iron grade and minor impurities, which are usually used for sinter fines. With macroscale operations technology of blast furnace in Indian, pellets, as a kind of high-quality materials, attract more and more attention. However, the hematite fines possess the coarse size. Hence, they inevitably need to be further finely ground for pelletizing before balling. The grinding behavior of Indian hematite fines was revealed by conducting the ball milling tests and determining the Bond ball mill work index （Wi）. The results show that Indian hematite fines have an excellent grindability with Wi of only 7.40-7.73 kWh/t, indicating that ball milling is an economically viable way to pretreat Indian hematite fines. Nonetheless, due to poor sedimentation and filtering properties of wet ground products, the dry ball milling is more appropriate to process Indian hematite fines. In addition, the superior quality green balls can be manufactured with dry ground products under the conditions of 0.5% bentonite dosage, 7.5% moisture and balling for 12 min, which further confirmed that the recommended pellet feed preparation technique is reasonable.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81930089,82103709,and 82230104).
文摘Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease.The diversity and heterogeneity of immune cells in human skin have been studied in recent years,but the spatial distribution of immune cells at the single-cell level in the human psoriatic epidermis and dermis remains unclear.In this study,we mapped psoriatic skin immune cells from paired lesional,perilesional,and nonlesional skin samples using mass cytometry.Phenotypic dendritic cells(DCs)were found in the psoriatic epidermis and dermis.Psoriatic dermal CD1c^(+)CD11b^(+)cDC2s migrated to the epidermis in the perilesional skin during the preinitiation stage.CD1c^(+)CD11b^(+)cDC2s rapidly replaced EpCAM^(+)CD11c^(low) LC cells and initiated inflammation.Simultaneously,CD207^(+)CD11c^(hi) LC and CD5^(+)T cells accumulated in the psoriatic epidermis and orchestrated epidermal inflammation in psoriasis.The immune cell pool in the psoriatic dermis primarily included APCs and T cells.However,unlike that in the dermis,the epidermal immune environment was more significant and coincided with the inflammation occurring during psoriasis.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the Analytical and Testing Center of Central South University to supply the facilities to fulfill the measurements. The authors also wish to express their thanks to the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51474161） and Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate （CX2017B056） for the financial support of this research.
文摘Indian hematite fines are normally characterized by high iron grade and minor impurities, which are usually used for sinter fines. With macroscale operations technology of blast furnace in Indian, pellets, as a kind of high-quality materials, attract more and more attention. However, the hematite fines possess the coarse size. Hence, they inevitably need to be further finely ground for pelletizing before balling. The grinding behavior of Indian hematite fines was revealed by conducting the ball milling tests and determining the Bond ball mill work index （Wi）. The results show that Indian hematite fines have an excellent grindability with Wi of only 7.40-7.73 kWh/t, indicating that ball milling is an economically viable way to pretreat Indian hematite fines. Nonetheless, due to poor sedimentation and filtering properties of wet ground products, the dry ball milling is more appropriate to process Indian hematite fines. In addition, the superior quality green balls can be manufactured with dry ground products under the conditions of 0.5% bentonite dosage, 7.5% moisture and balling for 12 min, which further confirmed that the recommended pellet feed preparation technique is reasonable.
