Hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming of the bio-oil, naphtha, and CH4 was investigated over a novel metal-doped catalyst of （Ca24Al28O64）^4＋·4O^-/Mg （C12A7-Mg）. The catalytic steam reforming was ...Hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming of the bio-oil, naphtha, and CH4 was investigated over a novel metal-doped catalyst of （Ca24Al28O64）^4＋·4O^-/Mg （C12A7-Mg）. The catalytic steam reforming was investigated from 250 to 850℃ in the fixed-bed continuous flow reactor. For the reforming of bio-oil, the yield of hydrogen of 80% was obtained at 750℃, and the maximum carbon conversion is nearly close to 95% under the optimum steam reforming condition. For the reforming of naphtha and CH4, the hydrogen yield and carbon conversion are lower than that of bio-oil at the same temperature. The characteristics of catalyst were also investigated by XPS. The catalyst deactivation was mainly caused by the deposition of carbon in the catalytic steam reforming process.展开更多
The effects of potassium addition and the potassium content on the activity and selectivity of coprecipitated iron catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） were studied in a fixed bed reactor at 1.5 MPa, 300 ℃,...The effects of potassium addition and the potassium content on the activity and selectivity of coprecipitated iron catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） were studied in a fixed bed reactor at 1.5 MPa, 300 ℃, and contact time （W/F） of 12.5 gcath/mol using the model bio-oil-syngas of H2/CO/CO2/N2 （62/8/25/5, vol%）. It was found that potassium addition increases the catalyst activity for FTS and the reverse water gas shift reaction. Moreover, potassium increases the average molecular weight （chain length） of the hydrocarbon products. With the increase of potassium content, it was found that CH4 selectivity decreases and the selectivity of liquid phase products （C5＋） increases. The characteristics of FTS catalysts with different potassium content were also investigated by various characterization measurements including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area. Based on experimental results, 100Fe/6Cu/16Al/6K （weight ratio） was selected as the optimal catalyst for FTS from bio-oil-syngas. The results indicate that the 100Fe/6Cu/16Al/6K catalyst is one of the most promising candidates to directly synthesize liquid bio-fuel using bio-oil-syngas.展开更多
The rechargeable Li-CO2 battery has attracted much attention for energy storage because of the high energy density and efficient utilization of greenhouse gas. However, it＇s still suffered by low safety issue of liqu...The rechargeable Li-CO2 battery has attracted much attention for energy storage because of the high energy density and efficient utilization of greenhouse gas. However, it＇s still suffered by low safety issue of liquid electrolyte. Herein, a composite cathode consisting of CNTs and polymer electrolytes was fabricated by the insitu polymerization process for the polymer electrolyte-based solid-state Li-CO2 batteries. With the good dispersion of CNTs and polymer electrolyte, the composite cathode is covered by film-like discharge products Li2CO3.Furthermore, the Li-CO2 battery shows high reversible capacity （- 11,000 mAh·g^-1）, excellent cycle stability （1000 mAb·g^-1 for 100 cycles） under low charge potential （〈 4.5 V）, and outstanding rate performances at room temperature, which are much better than those of liquid electrolyte-based battery. Therefore, the polymer electrolyte-based Li-CO2 battery prepared by this strategy can be a promising candidate to meet the demands of high safety and high-performance energy storage devices.展开更多
The cerebellum is conceptualized as a processor of complex movements and is also endowed with roles in cognitive and emotional behaviors.Although the axons of deep cerebellar nuclei are known to project to primary tha...The cerebellum is conceptualized as a processor of complex movements and is also endowed with roles in cognitive and emotional behaviors.Although the axons of deep cerebellar nuclei are known to project to primary thalamic nuclei,macroscopic investigation of the characteristics of these projections,such as the spatial distribution of recipient zones,is lacking.Here,we studied the output of the cerebellar interposed nucleus(IpN)to the ventrolateral(VL)and centrolateral(CL)thalamic nuclei using electrophysiological recording in vivo and trans-synaptic viral tracing.We found that IpN stimulation induced mono-synaptic evoked potentials(EPs)in the VL but not the CL region.Furthermore,both the EPs induced by the IpN and the innervation of IpN projections displayed substantial heterogeneity across the VL region in three-dimensional space.These findings indicate that the recipient zones of IpN inputs vary between and within thalamic nuclei and may differentially control thalamo-cortical networks.展开更多
文摘Hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming of the bio-oil, naphtha, and CH4 was investigated over a novel metal-doped catalyst of （Ca24Al28O64）^4＋·4O^-/Mg （C12A7-Mg）. The catalytic steam reforming was investigated from 250 to 850℃ in the fixed-bed continuous flow reactor. For the reforming of bio-oil, the yield of hydrogen of 80% was obtained at 750℃, and the maximum carbon conversion is nearly close to 95% under the optimum steam reforming condition. For the reforming of naphtha and CH4, the hydrogen yield and carbon conversion are lower than that of bio-oil at the same temperature. The characteristics of catalyst were also investigated by XPS. The catalyst deactivation was mainly caused by the deposition of carbon in the catalytic steam reforming process.
基金The authors thank Prof. Yi-lu Fu and Prof. Peiyan Lin for their kind help. This work was supported by the 863 Program （No.2006AA05Z118）, 973 Program （No.2007CB210206）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.50772107）.
文摘The effects of potassium addition and the potassium content on the activity and selectivity of coprecipitated iron catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） were studied in a fixed bed reactor at 1.5 MPa, 300 ℃, and contact time （W/F） of 12.5 gcath/mol using the model bio-oil-syngas of H2/CO/CO2/N2 （62/8/25/5, vol%）. It was found that potassium addition increases the catalyst activity for FTS and the reverse water gas shift reaction. Moreover, potassium increases the average molecular weight （chain length） of the hydrocarbon products. With the increase of potassium content, it was found that CH4 selectivity decreases and the selectivity of liquid phase products （C5＋） increases. The characteristics of FTS catalysts with different potassium content were also investigated by various characterization measurements including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area. Based on experimental results, 100Fe/6Cu/16Al/6K （weight ratio） was selected as the optimal catalyst for FTS from bio-oil-syngas. The results indicate that the 100Fe/6Cu/16Al/6K catalyst is one of the most promising candidates to directly synthesize liquid bio-fuel using bio-oil-syngas.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51622202,U1507107,21503009 and 21603009)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(B)(No.KZ201610005003)+1 种基金Guangdong Science and Technology Project(No.2016B010114001)the Funding Projects for ‘‘Thousand Youth Talents Plan’’
文摘The rechargeable Li-CO2 battery has attracted much attention for energy storage because of the high energy density and efficient utilization of greenhouse gas. However, it＇s still suffered by low safety issue of liquid electrolyte. Herein, a composite cathode consisting of CNTs and polymer electrolytes was fabricated by the insitu polymerization process for the polymer electrolyte-based solid-state Li-CO2 batteries. With the good dispersion of CNTs and polymer electrolyte, the composite cathode is covered by film-like discharge products Li2CO3.Furthermore, the Li-CO2 battery shows high reversible capacity （- 11,000 mAh·g^-1）, excellent cycle stability （1000 mAb·g^-1 for 100 cycles） under low charge potential （〈 4.5 V）, and outstanding rate performances at room temperature, which are much better than those of liquid electrolyte-based battery. Therefore, the polymer electrolyte-based Li-CO2 battery prepared by this strategy can be a promising candidate to meet the demands of high safety and high-performance energy storage devices.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81625006,31970923,and 31820103005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662025).
文摘The cerebellum is conceptualized as a processor of complex movements and is also endowed with roles in cognitive and emotional behaviors.Although the axons of deep cerebellar nuclei are known to project to primary thalamic nuclei,macroscopic investigation of the characteristics of these projections,such as the spatial distribution of recipient zones,is lacking.Here,we studied the output of the cerebellar interposed nucleus(IpN)to the ventrolateral(VL)and centrolateral(CL)thalamic nuclei using electrophysiological recording in vivo and trans-synaptic viral tracing.We found that IpN stimulation induced mono-synaptic evoked potentials(EPs)in the VL but not the CL region.Furthermore,both the EPs induced by the IpN and the innervation of IpN projections displayed substantial heterogeneity across the VL region in three-dimensional space.These findings indicate that the recipient zones of IpN inputs vary between and within thalamic nuclei and may differentially control thalamo-cortical networks.
