A Novel Sensing Imaging Equipment Under Extremely Dim Light for Blast Furnace Burden Surface:Starlight High-Temperature Industrial Endoscope

Blast furnace(BF)burden surface contains the most abundant,intuitive and credible smelting information and acquiring high-definition and high-brightness optical images of which is essential to realize precise material charging control,optimize gas flow distribution and improve ironmaking efficiency.It has been challengeable to obtain high-quality optical burden surface images under high-temperature,high-dust,and extremelydim(less than 0.001 Lux)environment.Based on a novel endoscopic sensing detection idea,a reverse telephoto structure starlight imaging system with large field of view and large aperture is designed.Combined with a water-air dual cooling intelligent self-maintenance protection device and the imaging system,a starlight high-temperature industrial endoscope is developed to obtain clear optical burden surface images stably under the harsh environment.Based on an endoscope imaging area model,a material flow trajectory model and a gas-dust coupling distribution model,an optimal installation position and posture configuration method for the endoscope is proposed,which maximizes the effective imaging area and ensures large-area,safe and stable imaging of the device in a confined space.Industrial experiments and applications indicate that the proposed method obtains clear and reliable large-area optical burden surface images and reveals new BF conditions,providing key data support for green iron smelting.

A Dual Closed-Loop Digital Twin Construction Method for Optimizing the Copper Disc Casting Process

The copper disc casting machine is core equipment for producing copper anode plates in the copper metallurgy industry.The copper disc casting machine casting package motion curve(CPMC) is significant for precise casting and efficient production.However,the lack of exact casting modeling and real-time simulation information severely restricts dynamic CPMC optimization.To this end,a liquid copper droplet model describes the casting package copper flow pattern in the casting process.Furthermore,a CPMC optimization model is proposed for the first time.On top of this,a digital twin dual closed-loop self-optimization application framework(DT-DCS) is constructed for optimizing the copper disc casting process to achieve self-optimization of the CPMC and closed-loop feedback of manufacturing information during the casting process.Finally,a case study is carried out based on the proposed methods in the industrial field.

高压条件下聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯熔体的流变行为

利用毛细管流变仪及反向压力腔组件研究了高压条件下温度、压力和剪切速率等因素对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)熔体的流变行为影响规律。结果表明,随着温度的升高,PBT熔体的剪切黏度呈现不同程度的下降趋势,且温度较高时剪切黏度下降幅度增大;PBT熔体剪切黏度的温度敏感性在高剪切下显著减弱,在高压下缓慢增强;PBT熔体剪切黏度随压力的增大呈指数增加,符合Barus方程;在相同温度、相同剪切速率下,随着压力的增加,PBT熔体剪切黏度逐渐增大;PBT熔体剪切黏度随着剪切速率的增加逐渐降低,表现出典型的"剪切变稀"假塑性流体现象。

压力场中高黏聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的流变行为

利用毛细管流变仪及反向压力腔组件研究了压力场下高黏聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)熔体的流变行为。结果表明,随着剪切速率的增加,高黏PET熔体剪切黏度逐渐降低,表现出明显的“切力变稀”行为,是一种典型的假塑性流体;随着熔体所受压力的增加,高黏PET熔体剪切黏度呈指数增长增加,变化规律符合Barus方程;随着温度的升高,高黏PET熔体的剪切黏度逐渐减小;高黏PET熔体的换算因子为3.4,压力增加与温度下降对剪切黏度的贡献是等效的。高黏PET熔体为非牛顿流体,随着温度的逐渐升高,高黏PET熔体非牛顿指数逐渐增大,高黏PET熔体的流动行为逐渐接近牛顿流体特性。高黏PET熔体的剪切黏度-温度依赖性随压力的增加逐渐增强;高黏PET熔体的剪切黏度的温度敏感性随剪切速率的增加逐渐降低。随着剪切速率增加和温度升高,高黏PET熔体剪切黏度对压力的依赖性逐渐降低。

Dust Distribution Study at the Blast Furnace Top Based on k-Sε-u_(p)Model

The dust distribution law acting at the top of a blast fumace(BF)is of great significance for understanding gas flow distribution and mitigating the negative influence of dust particles on the accuracy and service life of detection equipment.The harsh environment inside a BF makes it difficult to describe the dust disthibution.This paper adresses this problem by proposing a dust distribution k-Sε-u_(p)model based on interphase(gas-powder)coupling.The proposed model is coupled with a k-Sεmodel(which describes gas flow movement)and a u_(p)model(which depicts dust movement).First,the kinetic energy equation and turbulent dissipation rate equation in the k-Sεmodel are established based on the modeling theory and single Green-function two scale direct interaction approximation(SGF-TSDIA)theory.Second,a dust particle mnovement u_(p)model is built based on a force analysis of the dust and Newton's laws of motion.Finally,a coupling factor that descibes the interphase interaction is proposed,and the k-Sε-u_(p)model,with clear physical meaning.ligorous mathematical logic,and adequate generality,is dleveloped.Siumulation results and o-site verification show that the k-Sε-u_(p)model not only has high precision,but also reveals the aggregate distribution features of the dust,which are helpful in optimizing the installation position of the detection equipment and imnproving its accuracy and service life.

Tea picking point detection and location based on Mask-RCNN

The accurate identification,detection,and segmentation of tea buds and leaves are important factors for realizing intelligent tea picking.A tea picking point location method based on the region-based convolutional neural network(R-CNN)Mask-RCNN is proposed,and a tea bud and leaf and picking point recognition model is established.First,tea buds and leaf pictures are collected in a complex environment,the Resnet50 residual network and a feature pyramid network(FPN)are used to extract bud and leaf features,and preliminary classification and preselection box regression training-performed on the feature maps through a regional proposal network(RPN).Second,the regional feature aggregation method(RoIAlign)is used to eliminate the quantization error,and the feature map of the preselected region of interest(ROI)is converted into a fixed-size feature map.The output module of the model realizes the functions of classification,regression and segmentation.Finally,through the output mask image and the positioning algorithm the positioning of the picking points of tea buds and leaves is determined.One hundred tea tree bud and leaf pictures in a complex environment are selected for testing.The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy rate reaches 93.95%and that the recall rate reaches 92.48%.The tea picking location method presented in this paper is more versatile and robust in complex environments.

Seasonal,diurnal and nocturnal variations of carbonyl compounds in the semi-urban environment of Orléans,France

Atmospheric carbonyls were measured at a semi-urban site in Orléans, France, from October 2010to July2011. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were found to be the most abundant carbonyls, with average concentrations of 3.1, 1.0, 2.0 ppb, respectively in summer, 2.3, 0.7, 2.2 ppb, respectively in autumn, 2.2, 1.0, 2.1 ppb, respectively in spring,and 1.5, 0.7, 1.1 ppb, respectively in winter. Photo-oxidation of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） was found to make a remarkable contribution to atmospheric carbonyls in the semi-urban site based on the distinct seasonal and diurnal variations of the carbonyls, as well as the significantly positive correlations between the carbonyls and ozone. The significantly negative correlations between NO x and O_3 as well as the carbonyls and the positive correlations between wind speed and O_3 as well as the carbonyls implied that the carbonyls and O_3 at the semi-urban site were probably formed during air mass transport from neighboring cities.

Ammonia volatilization and availability of Cu,Zn induced by applications of urea with and without coating in soils

Ammonia volatilization and the distribution of Cu and Zn were investigated in two types of soil treated with coated and uncoated urea.The rate of ammonia volatilization in two weeks after fertilizing with coated urea was 8% in soil 1 （soil derived from river alluvial deposits in Dongting Lake Plain） and 5.15% in soil 2 （red soil derived from quaternary red clay）,about half the rates observed when fertilizing with common urea,implying that the hydrolysis speed of the coated urea was lower than for common urea,and that the coated urea can increase nitrogen use efficacy.As for the availability of Cu and Zn,their concentrations decreased in the first week after fertilization,and then increased,which was contrary to the effect of treatment on soil pH.For example,when the pH was 7.99,there was 0.79mg/kg exchangeable Cu and 0.85mg/kg exchangeable Zn in the soil derived from river alluvial deposits in Dongting Lake Plain.However,the concentrations of exchangeable Cu and Zn were generally lower for the common urea treatments than those with the coated urea because the peak pH for the common urea treatment was greater.The concentrations of these elements correlated well with pH in the range 4–8 in second order polynomial fits.