亚微米尺寸、高结晶度石墨烯增强间位芳纶纤维力学性能

芳纶纤维具有优异的综合性能,在各种工业应用中备受青睐。其中,间位芳纶纤维,也称聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺(PMIA)纤维,兼具阻燃、耐高温、电隔离和高化学稳定性。其织物材料广泛应用于防火、防热等行业。然而,由于分子链中酰胺和苯环键之间缺乏偶联,内旋能低,导致PMIA纤维链段柔软、结晶度低,展现出较低的机械强度。因此,迫切需要改善这些纤维的机械特性,以扩大其应用范围。纳米复合材料的可以赋予基体材料许多独特特性。其中,石墨烯纳米复合材料占据突出地位。石墨烯面内的苯环结构使其可以有效增强芳香族和脂肪族类聚合物材料。此外,与大尺寸的石墨烯相比,小尺寸的石墨烯在聚合物基体中表现出更好的分散性,可在纤维类聚合物材料中展现出更明显的增强效应。因此,使用高品质、小尺寸的石墨烯是增强聚合物基体的有效手段。我们的研究展示了亚微米尺寸的石墨烯如何改善PMIA纤维的结构完整性和增加机械强度。结果显示,与未改性的PMIA纤维相比,拉伸强度显著提高46%。鉴于该方法的有效性,可以采用此种“小尺寸、高品质”的石墨烯来开发更强韧且更具商用价值的碳基纳米复合纤维。

Design of Environmental Monitoring and Control System for Large-scale Pig House with Fermentation Bed

The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.

Three-dimensional experimental study of loose top-coal drawing law for longwall top-coal caving mining technology

Based on the loose medium flow field theory, the loose top-coal drawing law of longwall top-coal caving（LTCC） mining technology is studied by using self-developed three-dimensional（3D） test device. The loose top-coal drawing test with shields and the controlled test without shields are performed in the condition without any boundary effect. Test results show that shields will cause reduction in drawing volume of coal in the LTCC mining. The deflection phenomenon of drawing body is also observed in the controlled test, which is verified that the deflection of drawing body is caused by shield. It is found that the deflection angle decreases with increasing caving height, with the maximum value of atailand the minimum value of 0. In addition, the formula to calculate the drawing volume is proposed subsequently.The deflection of drawing body is numerically simulated using particle flow code PFC3 Dand the proposed formula to calculate drawing volume in LTCC is also verified.

Numerical and theoretical investigations of the effect of the gangue-coal density ratio on the drawing mechanism in longwall top-coal caving

Discrete element calculations of the top-coal drawing process for diferent gangue-coal density ratios were conducted to investigate the efect of the gangue-coal density ratio on the drawing mechanism in longwall top-coal caving.The efects were analyzed for the drawing body,the top-coal boundary,and the recovery of top coal.The results show that for increasing density ratio,the initial drawing body on the goaf side is farther away from the drawing support and its width and volume gradually increase.The upper part of the sickle-shaped drawing body extends near the initial drawing body with increasing density ratio in the normal cycling stage,and the distance from the drawing body to the initial drawing body is its maximum width.The larger the density ratio,the smaller the height of the top coal above the goaf at the end of the initial drawing process.The height of the top-coal boundary decreases with increasing density ratio,until it reaches a limit.In a normal cycle,due to hysteretic development,the top-coal boundary moves toward the goaf until the density ratio is approximately 2.0,which is consistent with the physical experiment results.Finally,increasing the advance length of the working face is benefcial for increasing the overall recovery of top coal.

Structure Design of Large-scale Sow House with Fermentation Bed

In this research, the whole contact-type large-scale sow house with fermentation bed was designed. The planning area of the entire piggery was 5 700 m2 with workplace and green belts. The sow house was 93 m long and 33 m wide, a total of 3 069 m2, including office area of 60 m2 and aisle area of 107 m2. The fermentation bed had an area of 2 902 m2 with length of 88.7 m and width of 27.7m. Its area accounted for 95% of the total area of sow house. The fermentation mattress had a depth of 80 cm, and had a volume of 2 321 m3, equivalent to 733 t of coconut chaff and rice chaff. On a large fermentation bed, the areas for boars,replacement gilts, pregnant sows, obstetric tables, nursery pigs, etc. were designed.The large-scale sow house with fermentation bed was equipped with the automatic feeding system, automatic sprinkler system, automatic positioning column for pregnant sows, sows' obstetric table system, fanning wet curtain cooling system, video monitoring system, environmental monitoring(light, temperature, water, humidity,CO2, NH3) and automatic control system. Every farming area was equipped with feeding trough and water trough. The water though was fixed with overflow pipe for removing the extra water. The house could hold 500-head sows. Each sow occupied 4.9 m2 of the fermentation bed in average. The designed sow house had a maximum annual output of 10 000 piglets.

Correction To:The E3 ligase RNF5 restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting its envelope protein for degradation

Correction to:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01335-5,published online 03 February 2023 In the process of collating the raw data,the authors noticed 7 inadvertent mistakes occurred in Figs.3a,3b,3e,5d,6b,6d and 6e that need to be corrected after online publication of the article.1 The correct data are provided as follows.The key findings of the article are not affected by these corrections.The original article has been corrected.

The E3 ligase RNF5 restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting its envelope protein for degradation

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has caused a severe global health crisis;its structural protein envelope(E)is critical for viral entry,budding,production,and induction of pathology which makes it a potential target for therapeutics against COVID-19.Here,we find that the E3 ligase RNF5 interacts with and catalyzes ubiquitination of E on the 63rd lysine,leading to its degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS).Importantly,RNF5-induced degradation of E inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and the RNF5 pharmacological activator Analog-1 alleviates disease development in a mouse infection model.We also found that RNF5 is distinctively expressed in different age groups and in patients displaying different disease severity,which may be exploited as a prognostic marker for COVID-19.Furthermore,RNF5 recognized the E protein from various SARS-CoV-2 strains and SARS-CoV,suggesting that targeting RNF5 is a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy.Our findings provide novel insights into the role of UPS in antagonizing SARS-CoV-2 replication,which opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

ATP1B3 Restricts Hepatitis B Virus Replication Via Reducing the Expression of the Envelope Proteins

Our recent study reported that ATP1B3 inhibits hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication via inducing NF-κB activation.However,ATP1B3 mutants which were defective in NF-κB activation still maintained the moderate degree of suppression on HBV replication,suggesting that another uncharacterized mechanism is also responsible for ATP1B3-mediated HBV suppression.Here,we demonstrated that ATP1B3 reduced the expression of HBV envelope proteins LHBs,MHBs and SHBs,but had no effect on intracellular HBV DNA,RNA levels as well as HBV promoter activities.Further investigation showed that proteasome inhibitor MG132 rescued ATP1B3-mediated envelope proteins degradation,demonstrating that proteasome-dependent pathway is involved in ATP1B3-induced degradation of envelope proteins.Co-IP showed that ATP1B3 interacts with LHBs and MHBs and induces LHBs and MHBs polyubiquitination.Immunofluorescence colocalization analysis confirmed LHBs and MHBs colocalized with ATP1B3 together.Our work provides important information for targeting ATP1B3 as a potential therapeutic molecule for HBV infection.

High lithium storage performance of Ni_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(1-x)Nx thin film with Nio-type crystal structure

The large voltage hysteresis of the NiO anode,which owes much to the intermediate product Li_(2)NiO_(2),is one of the main obstacles to its practical application in lithium-ion batteries.In this work,we show that the incorporation of Fe-and N-ions in the Nio lattice can suppress the formation of intermediate product Li_(2)NiO_(2)and thus greatly reduces the voltage hysteresis of the Nioanode from~1.2 to~0.9 V.In comparison with the pure Nio electrode,the Nio.5Feo.5O1-xNx anode exhibits significantly enhanced reversible specific capacity(959 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.3 A·g^(-1)),cycling stability(capacity retention of 96.1%at 100th cycle relative to the second cycle)and rate capability(442 at 10 A·g^(-1)).These results provide a practical method to enhance the lithium storage performance of the Nio anode and more importantly a new solution to the large voltage hysteresis of conversion-type anodes.

Ectopic Expression of TRIM25 Restores RIG-I Expression and IFN Production Reduced by Multiple Enteroviruses 3Cpro

Enteroviruses(EVs) 3C proteins suppress type I interferon(IFN) responses mediated by retinoid acid-inducible gene I(RIG-I), while an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif protein 25(TRIM25)-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination is essential for RIG-I antiviral activity. Therefore, whether the effect of EVs 3C on RIG-I is associated with TRIM25 expression is worth to be further investigated. Here, we demonstrate that 3C proteins of EV71 and coxsackievirus B3(CVB3) reduced not only RIG-I expression but also TRIM25 expression through protease cleavage activity, while overexpression of TRIM25 restored RIG-I expression and IFN-b production reduced by 3C proteins. Further investigation confirmed that the two amino acids and functional domains in TRIM25 required for RIG-I ubiquitination and TRIM25 structural conformation were essential for the recovery of RIG-I expression. Moreover, we also observed that TRIM25 could rescue RIG-I expression reduced by 3C proteins of CVA6 and EV-D68 but not CVA16. Our findings provide an insightful interpretation of 3C-mediated host innate immune suppression and support TRIM25 as an attractive target against multiple EVs infection.

A pangenomic study of Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis（B.thuringiensis） is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium and its plasmid-encoded toxins（Cry） are commonly used as biological alternatives to pesticides.In a pangenomic study,we sequenced seven B.thuringiensis isolates in both high coverage and base-quality using the next-generation sequencing platform.The B.thuringiensis pangenome was extrapolated to have 4196 core genes and an asymptotic value of 558 unique genes when a new genome is added.Compared to the pangenomes of its closely related species of the same genus,B.thuringiensis pangenome shows an open characteristic,similar to B.cereus but not to B.anthracis;the latter has a closed pangenome. We also found extensive divergence among the seven B.thuringiensis genome assemblies,which harbor ample repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）.The identities among orthologous genes are greater than 84.5%and the hotspots for the genome variations were discovered in genomic regions of 2.3-2.8 Mb and 5.0-5.6 Mb.We concluded that high-coverage sequence assemblies from multiple strains, before all the gaps are closed,are very useful for pangenomic studies.