The development prospect of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. is receiving much concern of domestic researchers. In this paper,literature of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. was taken as basis,and bibliometric analysis method was used t...The development prospect of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. is receiving much concern of domestic researchers. In this paper,literature of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. was taken as basis,and bibliometric analysis method was used to make statistics of distribution of years,research institutions,authors,and research fields. The results showed that research fields of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. in China were mainly ecological restoration,accounting for 13. 27% of the total literature; the research took on dynamic and diversified cooperation trend. In recent 5 years,the number of papers significantly increased,accounting for 93. 04% of the total literature. The distribution of authors and regions were relatively concentrated,but the overall level of research is low.展开更多
The optical nonlinearity in polycrystalline zinc selenide(ZnSe),excited with 775 nm,1 kHz femtosecond laser pulses was investigated via the nonlinear transmission with material thickness and the Z scan technique.The m...The optical nonlinearity in polycrystalline zinc selenide(ZnSe),excited with 775 nm,1 kHz femtosecond laser pulses was investigated via the nonlinear transmission with material thickness and the Z scan technique.The measured two photon absorption coefficientβwas intensity dependent,inferring that reverse saturated absorption(RSA)is also relevant dur-ing high intensity excitation in ZnSe.At low peak intensity I<5 GW cm^(-2),we findβ=3.5 cm GW^(-1) at 775 nm.The spec-tral properties of the broad blueish two-photon induced fluorescence(460 nm-500 nm)was studied,displaying self-ab-sorption near the band edge while the upper state lifetime was measured to be τ_(e)~3.3 ns.Stimulated emission was ob-served when pumping a 0.5 mm thick polycrystalline ZnSe sample within an optical cavity,confirmed by significant line narrowing fromΔλ=11 nm(cavity blocked)toΔλ=2.8 nm at peak wavelength λ_(p)=475 nm while the upper state life-time also decreased.These results suggest that with more optimum pumping conditions and crystal cooling,polycrystal-line ZnSe might reach lasing threshold via two-photon pumping atλ=775 nm.展开更多
Tungsten(W)and stainless steel(SS)are well known for the high melting point and good corrosion resistance respectively.Bimetallic W-SS structures would offer potential applications in extreme environments.In this stud...Tungsten(W)and stainless steel(SS)are well known for the high melting point and good corrosion resistance respectively.Bimetallic W-SS structures would offer potential applications in extreme environments.In this study,a SS→W→SS sandwich structure is fabricated via a special laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)method based on an ultrasonic-assisted powder deposition mechanism.Material characterization of the SS→W interface and W→SS interface was conducted,including microstructure,element distribution,phase distribution,and nano-hardness.A coupled modelling method,combining computational fluid dynamics modelling with discrete element method,simulated the melt pool dynamics and solidification at the material interfaces.The study shows that the interface bonding of SS→W(SS printed on W)is the combined effect of solid-state diffusion with different elemental diffusion rates and grain boundary diffusion.The keyhole mode of the melt pool at the W→SS(W printed on SS)interface makes the pre-printed SS layers repeatedly remelted,causing the liquid W to flow into the sub-surface of the pre-printed SS through the keyhole cavities realizing the bonding of the W→SS interface.The above interfacial bonding behaviours are significantly different from the previously reported bonding mechanism based on the melt pool convection during multiple material LPBF.The abnormal material interfacial bonding behaviours are reported for the first time.展开更多
Soil seed bank refers to the sum of upper litter decay and all survival seeds in the soil. It plays a unique role in restoring the surface vegetation and protecting biodiversity. Chinese scholars have carried out exte...Soil seed bank refers to the sum of upper litter decay and all survival seeds in the soil. It plays a unique role in restoring the surface vegetation and protecting biodiversity. Chinese scholars have carried out extensive researches on the soil seed bank,and have obtained considerable achievements. On the basis of reading extensive literature,this paper summarized the current research results and found that the research contents of soil seed bank in China mainly involve the following aspects:( i) research method of soil seed bank;( ii) classification system of soil seed bank;( iii) spatial pattern of soil seed bank;( iv) relationship between soil seed bank and surface vegetation;( v) dynamic characteristic and seedling replanting of soil seed bank;( vi) application of soil seed bank in vegetation restoration. On the basis of the above summary,it came up with existing problems and future research direction of China's soil seed bank from system construction,field observation,disciplinary combination,interference factors,and community succession.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate a compart mental model for malaria transmission,where the host individuals are distributed according to their immune status.The acquired immu nity of malaria is usually booted upon each ex...In this paper,we investigate a compart mental model for malaria transmission,where the host individuals are distributed according to their immune status.The acquired immu nity of malaria is usually booted upon each exposure and gradually declines between the consecutive bouts of the disease.It is assumed that the recovered host individuals may be reinfected due to the immunity waning over time.The existence and stability of equilibria in the system,and the effect of the immunity status on dynamics of the system,are investigated,respectively.The phenomena of multiple endemic equilibria in our model are also observed.Our obtained results show that malaria may keep recurring under the first lower prevalence,however,when malaria is spreading in a population,it may remain at a different endemic level under suitable control strategies.展开更多
In semiconductor and data storage device manufacturing,it is desirable to produce feature sizes less than 30 nm with a high depth-to-width aspect ratio on the target material rapidly at a low cost.However,optical diff...In semiconductor and data storage device manufacturing,it is desirable to produce feature sizes less than 30 nm with a high depth-to-width aspect ratio on the target material rapidly at a low cost.However,optical diffraction limits the smallest focused laser beam diameter to around half of the laser wavelength(λ/2).The existing approach to achieving nanoscale fabrication is mainly based on costly extreme ultraviolet(EUV)technology operating within the diffraction limit.In this paper,a new method is shown to achieve materials processing resolution down to 10 nm(λ/80)at an infrared laser wavelength of around 800 nm in the far-field,in air,well beyond the optical diffraction limit.A highquality longitudinal field with a purity of 94.7% is generated to realise this super-resolution.Both experiments and theoretical modelling have been carried out to verify and understand the findings.The ablation craters induced on polished silicon,copper,and sapphire are compared for different types of light fields.Holes of 10-30 nm in diameter are produced on sapphire with a depth-to-width aspect ratio of over 16 and a zero taper with a single pulse at 100-120 nJ pulse energy.Such high aspect ratio sub-50 nm holes produced with single pulse laser irradiation are rarely seen in laser processing,indicating a new material removal mechanism with the longitudinal field.The working distance(lens to target)is around 170μm,thus the material processing is in the far field.Tapered nano-holes can also be produced by adjusting the lens to the target distance.展开更多
The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of cancers,including breast cancer.Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)are the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironmen...The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of cancers,including breast cancer.Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)are the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironment.Studies have revealed that CAFs in breast cancer originate from several types of cells and promote breast cancer malignancy by secreting factors,generating exosomes,releasing nutrients,reshaping the extracellular matrix,and suppressing the function of immune cells.CAFs are also becoming therapeutic targets for breast cancer due to their specific distribution in tumors and their unique biomarkers.Agents interrupting the effect of CAFs on surrounding cells have been developed and applied in clinical trials.Here,we reviewed studies examining the heterogeneity of CAFs in breast cancer and expression patterns of CAF markers in different subtypes of breast cancer.We hope that summarizing CAFrelated studies from a historical perspective will help to accelerate the development of CAF-targeted therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.展开更多
Porous structure design on the contact surface is crucial to promote the osseointegration of the intervertebral cage while preventing subsidence and displacement.However,the stress response will undergo significant ch...Porous structure design on the contact surface is crucial to promote the osseointegration of the intervertebral cage while preventing subsidence and displacement.However,the stress response will undergo significant changes for the current random porous cages,which can directly affect the mechanical properties and long-term usability.Here,this paper proposed a newly designed polyetheretherketone(PEEK)cage with the triply periodic minimal surface(TPMS)-structured lattice surfaces to provide tailored 3 D microporosity and studied the mechanical performance,stress/strain responses,and microstructure changes in depth.The lattice-surfaced PEEK cage mainly exhibits a multiple-point-plane stress transfer mechanism.The compression modulus and elastic limit can be adjusted by controlling the area of the Diamond TPMS surface while the energy absorption efficiency remains stable.The microstructure of high-strength PEEK is featured by the radial pattern morphology.Meanwhile,the double-stranded orthorhombic phase is more ordered,and the benzene plane subunit and lattice volume become more expanded.展开更多
基金Supported by Emergency Management Project of National Natural Science Foundation(31160292)
文摘The development prospect of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. is receiving much concern of domestic researchers. In this paper,literature of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. was taken as basis,and bibliometric analysis method was used to make statistics of distribution of years,research institutions,authors,and research fields. The results showed that research fields of Pennisetum Sinese Roxb. in China were mainly ecological restoration,accounting for 13. 27% of the total literature; the research took on dynamic and diversified cooperation trend. In recent 5 years,the number of papers significantly increased,accounting for 93. 04% of the total literature. The distribution of authors and regions were relatively concentrated,but the overall level of research is low.
文摘The optical nonlinearity in polycrystalline zinc selenide(ZnSe),excited with 775 nm,1 kHz femtosecond laser pulses was investigated via the nonlinear transmission with material thickness and the Z scan technique.The measured two photon absorption coefficientβwas intensity dependent,inferring that reverse saturated absorption(RSA)is also relevant dur-ing high intensity excitation in ZnSe.At low peak intensity I<5 GW cm^(-2),we findβ=3.5 cm GW^(-1) at 775 nm.The spec-tral properties of the broad blueish two-photon induced fluorescence(460 nm-500 nm)was studied,displaying self-ab-sorption near the band edge while the upper state lifetime was measured to be τ_(e)~3.3 ns.Stimulated emission was ob-served when pumping a 0.5 mm thick polycrystalline ZnSe sample within an optical cavity,confirmed by significant line narrowing fromΔλ=11 nm(cavity blocked)toΔλ=2.8 nm at peak wavelength λ_(p)=475 nm while the upper state life-time also decreased.These results suggest that with more optimum pumping conditions and crystal cooling,polycrystal-line ZnSe might reach lasing threshold via two-photon pumping atλ=775 nm.
基金funded by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council(EPSRC),UK(Grant Nos.EP/P027563/1 and EP/M028267/1)the Science and Technology Facilities Council(STFC)(Grant No.ST/R006105/1)the Bridging for Innovators Programme of Department for Business,Energy and Industrial Strategy(BEIS),UK.
文摘Tungsten(W)and stainless steel(SS)are well known for the high melting point and good corrosion resistance respectively.Bimetallic W-SS structures would offer potential applications in extreme environments.In this study,a SS→W→SS sandwich structure is fabricated via a special laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)method based on an ultrasonic-assisted powder deposition mechanism.Material characterization of the SS→W interface and W→SS interface was conducted,including microstructure,element distribution,phase distribution,and nano-hardness.A coupled modelling method,combining computational fluid dynamics modelling with discrete element method,simulated the melt pool dynamics and solidification at the material interfaces.The study shows that the interface bonding of SS→W(SS printed on W)is the combined effect of solid-state diffusion with different elemental diffusion rates and grain boundary diffusion.The keyhole mode of the melt pool at the W→SS(W printed on SS)interface makes the pre-printed SS layers repeatedly remelted,causing the liquid W to flow into the sub-surface of the pre-printed SS through the keyhole cavities realizing the bonding of the W→SS interface.The above interfacial bonding behaviours are significantly different from the previously reported bonding mechanism based on the melt pool convection during multiple material LPBF.The abnormal material interfacial bonding behaviours are reported for the first time.
基金Supported by Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tibet Autonomous Region(2016ZR-15-40)
文摘Soil seed bank refers to the sum of upper litter decay and all survival seeds in the soil. It plays a unique role in restoring the surface vegetation and protecting biodiversity. Chinese scholars have carried out extensive researches on the soil seed bank,and have obtained considerable achievements. On the basis of reading extensive literature,this paper summarized the current research results and found that the research contents of soil seed bank in China mainly involve the following aspects:( i) research method of soil seed bank;( ii) classification system of soil seed bank;( iii) spatial pattern of soil seed bank;( iv) relationship between soil seed bank and surface vegetation;( v) dynamic characteristic and seedling replanting of soil seed bank;( vi) application of soil seed bank in vegetation restoration. On the basis of the above summary,it came up with existing problems and future research direction of China's soil seed bank from system construction,field observation,disciplinary combination,interference factors,and community succession.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871415,11371305)Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars XYNU,Xinyang Normal University Graduate Research Innovation Program(2017KYJJ34,2018KYJJ40).
文摘In this paper,we investigate a compart mental model for malaria transmission,where the host individuals are distributed according to their immune status.The acquired immu nity of malaria is usually booted upon each exposure and gradually declines between the consecutive bouts of the disease.It is assumed that the recovered host individuals may be reinfected due to the immunity waning over time.The existence and stability of equilibria in the system,and the effect of the immunity status on dynamics of the system,are investigated,respectively.The phenomena of multiple endemic equilibria in our model are also observed.Our obtained results show that malaria may keep recurring under the first lower prevalence,however,when malaria is spreading in a population,it may remain at a different endemic level under suitable control strategies.
文摘In semiconductor and data storage device manufacturing,it is desirable to produce feature sizes less than 30 nm with a high depth-to-width aspect ratio on the target material rapidly at a low cost.However,optical diffraction limits the smallest focused laser beam diameter to around half of the laser wavelength(λ/2).The existing approach to achieving nanoscale fabrication is mainly based on costly extreme ultraviolet(EUV)technology operating within the diffraction limit.In this paper,a new method is shown to achieve materials processing resolution down to 10 nm(λ/80)at an infrared laser wavelength of around 800 nm in the far-field,in air,well beyond the optical diffraction limit.A highquality longitudinal field with a purity of 94.7% is generated to realise this super-resolution.Both experiments and theoretical modelling have been carried out to verify and understand the findings.The ablation craters induced on polished silicon,copper,and sapphire are compared for different types of light fields.Holes of 10-30 nm in diameter are produced on sapphire with a depth-to-width aspect ratio of over 16 and a zero taper with a single pulse at 100-120 nJ pulse energy.Such high aspect ratio sub-50 nm holes produced with single pulse laser irradiation are rarely seen in laser processing,indicating a new material removal mechanism with the longitudinal field.The working distance(lens to target)is around 170μm,thus the material processing is in the far field.Tapered nano-holes can also be produced by adjusting the lens to the target distance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81602471,81672729,81972453,81972597Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Grant/Award Numbers:LY19H160055,LY19H160059,LR22H160011+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,Grant/Award Number:2019A610315Cixi Agricultural and Social Development Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:CN2020006Zheng Shu Medical Elite Scholarship Fund。
文摘The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of cancers,including breast cancer.Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)are the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironment.Studies have revealed that CAFs in breast cancer originate from several types of cells and promote breast cancer malignancy by secreting factors,generating exosomes,releasing nutrients,reshaping the extracellular matrix,and suppressing the function of immune cells.CAFs are also becoming therapeutic targets for breast cancer due to their specific distribution in tumors and their unique biomarkers.Agents interrupting the effect of CAFs on surrounding cells have been developed and applied in clinical trials.Here,we reviewed studies examining the heterogeneity of CAFs in breast cancer and expression patterns of CAF markers in different subtypes of breast cancer.We hope that summarizing CAFrelated studies from a historical perspective will help to accelerate the development of CAF-targeted therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105341)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M682406)+4 种基金Post-Doctoral Innovative Research Post of Hubei Province(No.257963)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2019kfyRCPY044and 2021GCRC002)the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(No.2018QYTD04)the Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Key Laboratory for 3D Printing Polymer and Composite Materials(No.2018B030323001)the Wenzhou Industrial Science and Technology Project(No.ZG2020048)。
文摘Porous structure design on the contact surface is crucial to promote the osseointegration of the intervertebral cage while preventing subsidence and displacement.However,the stress response will undergo significant changes for the current random porous cages,which can directly affect the mechanical properties and long-term usability.Here,this paper proposed a newly designed polyetheretherketone(PEEK)cage with the triply periodic minimal surface(TPMS)-structured lattice surfaces to provide tailored 3 D microporosity and studied the mechanical performance,stress/strain responses,and microstructure changes in depth.The lattice-surfaced PEEK cage mainly exhibits a multiple-point-plane stress transfer mechanism.The compression modulus and elastic limit can be adjusted by controlling the area of the Diamond TPMS surface while the energy absorption efficiency remains stable.The microstructure of high-strength PEEK is featured by the radial pattern morphology.Meanwhile,the double-stranded orthorhombic phase is more ordered,and the benzene plane subunit and lattice volume become more expanded.