Subterranean estuaries(STE)are important seawater-groundwater mixing zones with complex biogeochemical processes,which play a vital role in the migration and transformation of dissolved materials.In this study,we firs...Subterranean estuaries(STE)are important seawater-groundwater mixing zones with complex biogeochemical processes,which play a vital role in the migration and transformation of dissolved materials.In this study,we first investigated the spatial distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved inorganic phosphorous(DIP),dissolved inorganic silicon(DSi)and metal elements(As,Ba,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,and Zn)in STE including upper intertidal,seepage face and subtidal zones.We then estimated submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)and associated nutrient and metal element fluxes.From the generalized Darcy’s law method,SGD was estimated to be 30.13 cm/d,which was about 7 times larger than the inflow(4.16 cm/d).The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were estimated to be(5.33±4.99)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIN,(0.22±0.03)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIP,(16.20±2.05)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DSi,(1325.06±99.10)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Fe,(143.41±25.13)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Mn,(304.06±81.07)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Zn,(140.21±13.33)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Cu,(84.49±2.94)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Pb,(37.38±5.51)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Ba,(27.88±3.89)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Cr,(10.10±6.33)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Ni,and(6.25±3.45)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for As.The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were relatively higher than those from the inflow,suggesting that nearshore groundwater acted as the sources of nutrients and metal elements discharging into the sea.The environmental potential pollution of coastal seawater was evaluated by pollution factor index(Pi),comprehensive water quality index(CWQI),and ecological risk index(ERI).Pb mainly caused potential danger of nearshore environment with considerable contamination(Pi=5.78±0.19),heavy pollution(CWQI=4.09)and high ecological risk(ERI=18.00).This study contributed to better understanding the behavior of nutrients and metal elements and improving the sustainable management of STE under the pressure of anthropogenic activities and climate change.展开更多
Dietary intake has an impact on the development of gut microbiota.Humans require carbohydrates,protein,fat,and other nutrients on a daily basis to provide energy for the growth,maintenance,and repair of body tissues.T...Dietary intake has an impact on the development of gut microbiota.Humans require carbohydrates,protein,fat,and other nutrients on a daily basis to provide energy for the growth,maintenance,and repair of body tissues.These nutrition-induced changes in gut microbiota may be used to alter host physiology,including disease development and progression,such as obesity and diabetes.More research is needed to fully understand how diet influences microbiota and how microbiota influence host health.The pathways of carbohydrate,protein,and fat metabolism,as well as their interactions and regulatory mechanisms,are described in this review,as well as how diet shapes the microbiota,how dietary-microbiome crosstalk may affect disease development and progression,and how this information could be used to maintain intestinal health.展开更多
MXene is a promising electrode material for both high volumetric capacitance and high-rate performance in supercapacitors.However,the current study has mainly focused on the monometallic element Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene...MXene is a promising electrode material for both high volumetric capacitance and high-rate performance in supercapacitors.However,the current study has mainly focused on the monometallic element Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene until now,while the bimetallic and multimetallic MXene have received comparatively less attention.In this work,we demonstrate that the electronic structure of the Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x) MXene could be regulated by fine-tuning the content of doped Nb atoms.The enhanced electron cloud density of surface–O termination and the electron spin of the Mo atoms in the Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x) MXene,leads to the boost of electric double-layer capacitor(EDLC)and improvement of pseudocapacitance.As a consequence,the electrochemical performance of Nb-doped Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x) MXene(Nb-0.3-MXene)demonstrates a capacitance of 398 F·cm^(−3),roughly doubling that of the pristine Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x) MXene electrode at 197 F·cm^(−3) in the 3 M H_(2)SO_(4) electrolyte.At the same time,the Nb-0.3-MXene could even maintain a capacitance of 82.75% at 200 mV·s−1,with high cyclic stability for 19,000 cycles at 10 A·g−1.Additionally,Nb-0.3-MXene-based hybrid supercapacitors deliver a remarkable volumetric energy density of 48.1 W·h·L^(−1)at 230.7 W·L^(−1),and 34.4 W·h·L^(−1)at a high power density of 82.6 kW·L^(−1).There exists a balance between the volumetric capacitance and rate performance with different ratios of Nb atoms in the Nb-doped MXene due to the strong interaction between the Nb-doped MXene and the intercalated protons.Therefore,optimizing the electronic structure of MXene through heteroatom doping is of great potential for enhanced supercapacitor performance.展开更多
The modularity of carbohydrate-active enzymes facilitates that enzymes with different functions have similar fragments.However,because of the complex structure of the enzyme active sites and the epistatic effects of v...The modularity of carbohydrate-active enzymes facilitates that enzymes with different functions have similar fragments.However,because of the complex structure of the enzyme active sites and the epistatic effects of various mutations on enzyme activity,it is difficult to design enzymes with multiple mutation sites using conventional methods.In this study,we designed multi-point mutants by fragment replacement in the donor-acceptor binding pocket of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae N-glycosyltransferase(ApNGT)to obtain novel properties.Candidate fragments were selected from a customized glycosyltransferase database.The stability and substrate-binding energy of the three fragment replacement mutants were calculated in comparison with wild-type ApNGT,and mutants with top-ranking stability and middle-ranking substrate-binding energy were chosen for priority experimental verification.We found that a mutant called F13,which increased the glycosylation efficiency of the natural substrate by 1.44 times,the relative conversion of UDP-galactose by 14.2 times,and the relative conversion of UDP-xylose from almost 0 to 78.6%.Most importantly,F13 mutant acquired an entirely new property,the ability to utilize UDP-glucuronic acid.On one hand,this work shows that replacing similar fragments in the donoracceptor binding pocket of the enzyme might provide new ideas for designing mutants with new properties;on the other hand,F13 mutant is expected to play an important role in targeted drug delivery.展开更多
Power systems are moving toward a low-carbon or carbon-neutral future where high penetration of renewables is expected.With conventional fossil-fueled synchronous generators in the transmission network being replaced ...Power systems are moving toward a low-carbon or carbon-neutral future where high penetration of renewables is expected.With conventional fossil-fueled synchronous generators in the transmission network being replaced by renewable energy generation which is highly distributed across the entire grid,new challenges are emerging to the control and stability of large-scale power systems.New analysis and control methods are needed for power systems to cope with the ongoing transformation.In the CSEE JPES forum,six leading experts were invited to deliver keynote speeches,and the participating researchers and professionals had extensive exchanges and discussions on the control and stability of power systems.Specifically,potential changes and challenges of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy generation were introduced and explained,and advanced control methods were proposed and analyzed for the transient stability enhancement of power grids.展开更多
Edible mushroom polysaccharides,as one of the main biological activities of mushrooms,have anti-tumour,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,immune regulation and other functions.Especially because of its anti-tumour and immu...Edible mushroom polysaccharides,as one of the main biological activities of mushrooms,have anti-tumour,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,immune regulation and other functions.Especially because of its anti-tumour and immunomodulatory activity,it has been used in the clinical treatment of various diseases.Recent studies have focused on mushroom polysaccharides'functional properties,which may be related to their chemical structures.This review aims to clarify the biological activity of edible mushroom polysaccharides and their medicinal potential in human health and to reveal the relationship between chemical structure and the biological activity of edible mushroom polysaccharides.展开更多
With the high integration of power electronic technologies in microgrids,the reliability assessment considering power electronic devices has become a hot topic.However,so far no research has considered the impact of t...With the high integration of power electronic technologies in microgrids,the reliability assessment considering power electronic devices has become a hot topic.However,so far no research has considered the impact of the operation failure probability of power electronic equipment on the overall reliability of the microgrid.This paper aims to construct a holistic operation failure rate model of power electronic systems based on the overall reliability assessment of islanded microgrid with high penetration of renewable energy sources(RESs).In addition,to improve the reliability of islanded microgrid,the conventional battery energy storage system(BESS)is replaced by the hybrid energy storage system(HESS).Based on the proposed model,the operation failure models for the power electronic modules in microgrid are built and tested,and then the sensitivity analysis is performed for exploring the influence of various factors on the reliability of the microgrid.展开更多
Electic vehicles(EVs)show great potential to cope with the intermittency of renewable energy sources(RES)and provide demand side flexibility required by the smart grid.Furthermore,EVs will increase the electricity con...Electic vehicles(EVs)show great potential to cope with the intermittency of renewable energy sources(RES)and provide demand side flexibility required by the smart grid.Furthermore,EVs will increase the electricity consumption.Large scale integration of EVs will probably have substantial impacts on power systems.This paper presents a methodology to transform driving behavior of person into one of the cars in order to analyze the driving pattern of EVs based on the National Travel Surveys.In the proposed methodology,a statistical process is used to obtain the driving behavior of cars by grouping the survey respondents according to the driving license number and car number,and mapping the households with similar characteristics.The proposed methodology was used to carry out the driving pattern analysis in the Nordic region.The detailed driving requirements and charging/discharging availability of vehicles along the day were obtained.Two types of EV availabilities were studied in this paper considering different charging/discharging conditions of EVs for the power system integration,i.e.EV availability all day and EV availability at home.The results show that the daily driving requirements of the Nordic region are not very intensive.The driving patterns of vehicles in the Nordic region vary on weekdays and weekends.The two types of EV availabilities are quite different from each other.展开更多
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2021YFC3200501the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42107055 and 42130703the Fund of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee under contract No.20200925174525002.
文摘Subterranean estuaries(STE)are important seawater-groundwater mixing zones with complex biogeochemical processes,which play a vital role in the migration and transformation of dissolved materials.In this study,we first investigated the spatial distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),dissolved inorganic phosphorous(DIP),dissolved inorganic silicon(DSi)and metal elements(As,Ba,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,and Zn)in STE including upper intertidal,seepage face and subtidal zones.We then estimated submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)and associated nutrient and metal element fluxes.From the generalized Darcy’s law method,SGD was estimated to be 30.13 cm/d,which was about 7 times larger than the inflow(4.16 cm/d).The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were estimated to be(5.33±4.99)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIN,(0.22±0.03)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DIP,(16.20±2.05)mmol/(m^(2)·d)for DSi,(1325.06±99.10)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Fe,(143.41±25.13)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Mn,(304.06±81.07)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Zn,(140.21±13.33)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Cu,(84.49±2.94)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Pb,(37.38±5.51)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Ba,(27.88±3.89)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Cr,(10.10±6.33)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for Ni,and(6.25±3.45)μmol/(m^(2)·d)for As.The nutrient and metal fluxes from SGD were relatively higher than those from the inflow,suggesting that nearshore groundwater acted as the sources of nutrients and metal elements discharging into the sea.The environmental potential pollution of coastal seawater was evaluated by pollution factor index(Pi),comprehensive water quality index(CWQI),and ecological risk index(ERI).Pb mainly caused potential danger of nearshore environment with considerable contamination(Pi=5.78±0.19),heavy pollution(CWQI=4.09)and high ecological risk(ERI=18.00).This study contributed to better understanding the behavior of nutrients and metal elements and improving the sustainable management of STE under the pressure of anthropogenic activities and climate change.
基金supported by Taishan Industry Talents Project(tscy20200221)the Key Research and Develop Program of Shandong Province(2020CXGC010601).
文摘Dietary intake has an impact on the development of gut microbiota.Humans require carbohydrates,protein,fat,and other nutrients on a daily basis to provide energy for the growth,maintenance,and repair of body tissues.These nutrition-induced changes in gut microbiota may be used to alter host physiology,including disease development and progression,such as obesity and diabetes.More research is needed to fully understand how diet influences microbiota and how microbiota influence host health.The pathways of carbohydrate,protein,and fat metabolism,as well as their interactions and regulatory mechanisms,are described in this review,as well as how diet shapes the microbiota,how dietary-microbiome crosstalk may affect disease development and progression,and how this information could be used to maintain intestinal health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272242)the Provisional Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province(No.231111240600)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.242300421428)the Start-up Funding for Scientific Research of Zhengzhou University(No.32310221).
文摘MXene is a promising electrode material for both high volumetric capacitance and high-rate performance in supercapacitors.However,the current study has mainly focused on the monometallic element Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene until now,while the bimetallic and multimetallic MXene have received comparatively less attention.In this work,we demonstrate that the electronic structure of the Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x) MXene could be regulated by fine-tuning the content of doped Nb atoms.The enhanced electron cloud density of surface–O termination and the electron spin of the Mo atoms in the Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x) MXene,leads to the boost of electric double-layer capacitor(EDLC)and improvement of pseudocapacitance.As a consequence,the electrochemical performance of Nb-doped Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x) MXene(Nb-0.3-MXene)demonstrates a capacitance of 398 F·cm^(−3),roughly doubling that of the pristine Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x) MXene electrode at 197 F·cm^(−3) in the 3 M H_(2)SO_(4) electrolyte.At the same time,the Nb-0.3-MXene could even maintain a capacitance of 82.75% at 200 mV·s−1,with high cyclic stability for 19,000 cycles at 10 A·g−1.Additionally,Nb-0.3-MXene-based hybrid supercapacitors deliver a remarkable volumetric energy density of 48.1 W·h·L^(−1)at 230.7 W·L^(−1),and 34.4 W·h·L^(−1)at a high power density of 82.6 kW·L^(−1).There exists a balance between the volumetric capacitance and rate performance with different ratios of Nb atoms in the Nb-doped MXene due to the strong interaction between the Nb-doped MXene and the intercalated protons.Therefore,optimizing the electronic structure of MXene through heteroatom doping is of great potential for enhanced supercapacitor performance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 32070921)+1 种基金the Key Research and Develop Program of Shandong Province(grant number 2020CXGC010601)Taishan industry leading talents project(No.tscy20200221).
文摘The modularity of carbohydrate-active enzymes facilitates that enzymes with different functions have similar fragments.However,because of the complex structure of the enzyme active sites and the epistatic effects of various mutations on enzyme activity,it is difficult to design enzymes with multiple mutation sites using conventional methods.In this study,we designed multi-point mutants by fragment replacement in the donor-acceptor binding pocket of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae N-glycosyltransferase(ApNGT)to obtain novel properties.Candidate fragments were selected from a customized glycosyltransferase database.The stability and substrate-binding energy of the three fragment replacement mutants were calculated in comparison with wild-type ApNGT,and mutants with top-ranking stability and middle-ranking substrate-binding energy were chosen for priority experimental verification.We found that a mutant called F13,which increased the glycosylation efficiency of the natural substrate by 1.44 times,the relative conversion of UDP-galactose by 14.2 times,and the relative conversion of UDP-xylose from almost 0 to 78.6%.Most importantly,F13 mutant acquired an entirely new property,the ability to utilize UDP-glucuronic acid.On one hand,this work shows that replacing similar fragments in the donoracceptor binding pocket of the enzyme might provide new ideas for designing mutants with new properties;on the other hand,F13 mutant is expected to play an important role in targeted drug delivery.
文摘Power systems are moving toward a low-carbon or carbon-neutral future where high penetration of renewables is expected.With conventional fossil-fueled synchronous generators in the transmission network being replaced by renewable energy generation which is highly distributed across the entire grid,new challenges are emerging to the control and stability of large-scale power systems.New analysis and control methods are needed for power systems to cope with the ongoing transformation.In the CSEE JPES forum,six leading experts were invited to deliver keynote speeches,and the participating researchers and professionals had extensive exchanges and discussions on the control and stability of power systems.Specifically,potential changes and challenges of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy generation were introduced and explained,and advanced control methods were proposed and analyzed for the transient stability enhancement of power grids.
基金We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Taishan Industry Leading Talents Project(tscy20200221)the Key Research and Develop Program of Shandong Province(2020CXGC010601).
文摘Edible mushroom polysaccharides,as one of the main biological activities of mushrooms,have anti-tumour,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,immune regulation and other functions.Especially because of its anti-tumour and immunomodulatory activity,it has been used in the clinical treatment of various diseases.Recent studies have focused on mushroom polysaccharides'functional properties,which may be related to their chemical structures.This review aims to clarify the biological activity of edible mushroom polysaccharides and their medicinal potential in human health and to reveal the relationship between chemical structure and the biological activity of edible mushroom polysaccharides.
基金supported in part by National“111”Project,China(No.B08036)in part by Chongqing Graduate Student Research Innovation Project,China(No.CYB14015).
文摘With the high integration of power electronic technologies in microgrids,the reliability assessment considering power electronic devices has become a hot topic.However,so far no research has considered the impact of the operation failure probability of power electronic equipment on the overall reliability of the microgrid.This paper aims to construct a holistic operation failure rate model of power electronic systems based on the overall reliability assessment of islanded microgrid with high penetration of renewable energy sources(RESs).In addition,to improve the reliability of islanded microgrid,the conventional battery energy storage system(BESS)is replaced by the hybrid energy storage system(HESS).Based on the proposed model,the operation failure models for the power electronic modules in microgrid are built and tested,and then the sensitivity analysis is performed for exploring the influence of various factors on the reliability of the microgrid.
基金This work is supported by the Nordic Energy Research(Norden)under the Project‘Nordic Power Road Map 2050:Strategic choices towards carbon neutrality(NORSTRA)’.
文摘Electic vehicles(EVs)show great potential to cope with the intermittency of renewable energy sources(RES)and provide demand side flexibility required by the smart grid.Furthermore,EVs will increase the electricity consumption.Large scale integration of EVs will probably have substantial impacts on power systems.This paper presents a methodology to transform driving behavior of person into one of the cars in order to analyze the driving pattern of EVs based on the National Travel Surveys.In the proposed methodology,a statistical process is used to obtain the driving behavior of cars by grouping the survey respondents according to the driving license number and car number,and mapping the households with similar characteristics.The proposed methodology was used to carry out the driving pattern analysis in the Nordic region.The detailed driving requirements and charging/discharging availability of vehicles along the day were obtained.Two types of EV availabilities were studied in this paper considering different charging/discharging conditions of EVs for the power system integration,i.e.EV availability all day and EV availability at home.The results show that the daily driving requirements of the Nordic region are not very intensive.The driving patterns of vehicles in the Nordic region vary on weekdays and weekends.The two types of EV availabilities are quite different from each other.
