Promoter variations in DBR2-like affect artemisinin production in different chemotypes of Artemisia annua

Artemisia annua is the only known plant source of the potent antimalarial artemisinin,which occurs as the low-and high-artemisinin producing(LAP and HAP)chemotypes.Nevertheless,the different mechanisms of artemisinin producing between these two chemotypes were still not fully understood.Here,we performed a comprehensive analysis of genome resequencing,metabolome,and transcriptome data to systematically compare the difference in the LAP chemotype JL and HAP chemotype HAN.Metabolites analysis revealed that 72.18%of sesquiterpenes was highly accumulated in HAN compared to JL.Integrated omics analysis found a DBR2-Like(DBR2L)gene may be involved in artemisinin biosynthesis.DBR2L was highly homologous with DBR2,belonged to ORR3 family,and had the DBR2 activity of catalyzing artemisinic aldehyde to dihydroartemisinic aldehyde.Genome resequencing and promoter cloning revealed that complicated variations existed in DBR2L promoters among different varieties of A.annua and were clustered into three variation types.The promoter activity of diverse variant types showed obvious differences.Furthermore,the core region(-625 to 0)of the DBR2L promoter was identified and candidate transcription factors involved in DBR2L regulation were screened.Thus,the result indicates that DBR2L is another key enzyme involved in artemisinin biosynthesis.The promoter variation in DBR2L affects its expression level,and thereby may result in the different yield of artemisinin in varieties of A.annua.It provides a novel insight into the mechanism of artemisinin-producing difference in LAP and HAP chemotypes of A.annua,and will assist in a high yield of artemisinin in A.annua.

水驱油藏开发效果评价指标综述

为深刻了解水驱油藏目前开发条件下的实际开发状况,进而对油田生产提出指导,阶段性的对油藏开发效果进行评价就显得十分重要。开发评价指标是整个评价的基础,主要包括:水驱储量控制程度、水驱储量动用程度、可采储量、采收率、能量的保持和利用程度、含水率与含水上升率、存水率、注水量、年产油量综合递减率。

Erratum to:Bioinformatic analysis for potential biological processes and key targets of heart failure-related stroke

Erratum to:J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B(Biomed&Biotechnol)202122(9):718-732 https:/doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2000544.The original version of this article(Liu et al.,2021)unfortunately contained a mistake:statement of equal contribution is missing.This correction article shows that Chiyu LIU and Sixu CHEN contributed equally to this work.The original article has been corrected.

Bioinformatic analysis for potential biological processes and key targets of heart failure-related stroke

This study aimed to uncover underlying mechanisms and promising intervention targets of heart failure(HF)-related stroke.HF-related dataset GSE42955 and stroke-related dataset GSE58294 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)was conducted to identify key modules and hub genes.Gene Ontology(GO)and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on genes in the key modules.Genes in HF-and stroke-related key modules were intersected to obtain common genes for HF-related stroke,which were further intersected with hub genes of stroke-related key modules to obtain key genes in HF-related stroke.Key genes were functionally annotated through GO in the Reactome and Cytoscape databases.Finally,key genes were validated in these two datasets and other datasets.HF-and stroke-related datasets each identified two key modules.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that protein ubiquitination,Wnt signaling,and exosomes were involved in both HF-and stroke-related key modules.Additionally,ten hub genes were identified in stroke-related key modules and 155 genes were identified as common genes in HF-related stroke.OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity(OTULIN)and nuclear factor interleukin 3-regulated(NFIL3)were determined to be the key genes in HF-related stroke.Through functional annotation,OTULIN was involved in protein ubiquitination and Wnt signaling,and NFIL3 was involved in DNA binding and transcription.Importantly,OTULIN and NFIL3 were also validated to be differentially expressed in all HF and stroke groups.Protein ubiquitination,Wnt signaling,and exosomes were involved in HF-related stroke.OTULIN and NFIL3 may play a key role in HF-related stroke through regulating these processes,and thus serve as promising intervention targets.