The search for stable novel polynitrogen clusters has garnered significant attention in the field of energetic materials due to their potential applications as high-energy-density materials.In this study,a chair-like ...The search for stable novel polynitrogen clusters has garnered significant attention in the field of energetic materials due to their potential applications as high-energy-density materials.In this study,a chair-like N_(6)^(6-) ring with N-N single bonds in the AlN_(3) compound is theoretically predicted through first-principles calculations in conjunction with an unbiased structure searching method.The predicted AlN_(3) phase exhibits high kinetic and thermodynamic stability,along with a high energy density of 5.04 kJ/g relative to AlN and N_(2) gas.Additionally,its detonation velocity and pressure are estimated to reach 12.93 km/s and 1009.63 kbar,respectively.These values are greater than those of TNT and HMX,positioning it as a promising candidate for high-energy-density materials in the field of explosive combustion.The analysis of electronic properties and the related chemical bonding patterns indicates that the compounds are stabilized by both Coulomb interactions and covalent bonds.More importantly,the calculated formation of enthalpy indicates that the N_(6)^(6-)anions within AlN_(3) can be synthesized by compressing AlN and N_(2) at a moderate pressure(46 GPa).These findings present a viable approach for synthesizing and stabilizing the all-nitrogen N_(6)^(6-)anions.展开更多
Growing evidence suggests that there are similar pathological mechanisms and closely related pathogenic risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and Parkinson's disease(PD). However, the epidemiological fe...Growing evidence suggests that there are similar pathological mechanisms and closely related pathogenic risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and Parkinson's disease(PD). However, the epidemiological features of these two diseases are different. This review systematically evaluated the relationship between inflammatory bowel diseases and Parkinson's disease risk. We searched Pub Med, Embase, and Cochrane databases to retrieve observational studies of IBD and PD published from inception to October 2019. Nine observational studies, involving 12,177,520 patients, were included in the final analysis. None of the studies had Newcastle–Ottawa Scale scores that suggested a high risk of bias. After adjusting for confounders and excluding heterogeneous studies, the overall risk of PD was significantly higher in IBD patients than in the general population(adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.34, P < 0.001). A metaanalysis of the temporal relationship revealed that the incidence of IBD was significantly increased before(adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18–1.35, P < 0.001) and after(adjusted RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20–1.80, P < 0.001) PD diagnosis. After excluding a heterogeneous study, the pooled risk of PD development in patients with ulcerative colitis(adjusted HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13–1.38, P < 0.001) or Crohn's disease(adjusted HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.45, P < 0.01) was significantly increased. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in risk between men(adjusted HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10–1.39) and women(adjusted HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.10–1.43);however, older(> 65 years old) IBD patients(adjusted HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.17–1.48) may have a higher risk than younger(≤ 65 years old) patients(adjusted HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08–1.42). Patients with IBD who were not treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α or azathioprine had significantly higher PD risk(adjusted HR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.2). Thus, our meta-analysis indicates a certain correlation between IBD and PD, and suggests that IBD may moderately increase PD risk regardless of sex, especially in patients over 65 years of age. Moreover, early anti-inflammatory therapies for IBD might reduce the risk of developing PD. Our findings suggest an urgent need for an individualized screening strategy for patients with IBD. However, most studies included in this paper were observational, and more randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the precise association between IBD and PD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cement-related embolism is a rare but potentially fatal complication in spinal surgery.Cardiac echocardiography can provide valuable information for the early identification.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old woman...BACKGROUND Cement-related embolism is a rare but potentially fatal complication in spinal surgery.Cardiac echocardiography can provide valuable information for the early identification.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old woman who underwent lumbar vertebroplasty and internal fixation under general anesthesia experienced an episode of supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia at the end of surgery.Point-of-care echocardiogram revealed a foreign body in the right heart.After conservative treatment in the intensive care unit,her family decided on comfort care and she expired.CONCLUSION Transthoracic echocardiography may provide early valuable information in patients undergoing vertebroplasty,and mild-moderate pericardial effusion may be a significant sign of a poor outcome.展开更多
Objective: The novel estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) variant ER-α36 is reported to be functional in the es-trogen signaling pathway and is related to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. However, ER-α36 tends to be a...Objective: The novel estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) variant ER-α36 is reported to be functional in the es-trogen signaling pathway and is related to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. However, ER-α36 tends to be a favorable factor for survival in patients without tamoxifen therapy. To investigate the mechanisms behind this paradox, we determined the differences between the transcriptional profiles of ER-α36 and full-length ER-α (ER-α66) in breast cancers and matched normal tissues. Methods: We analyzed ER-α36 and ER-α66 messenger RNA ( mRNA) levels in 74 pairs of breast cancers and matched normal tissues using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and correlated the results with their clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Breast cancers expressed lower ER-α36 mRNA levels than matched normal tissues regardless of their ER-α66 expression status. Down-regulation of ER-α36 mRNA was correlated with local progression, lymph node metastasis, and advanced cancer stage. The level of ER-α66 mRNA was lower in ER-α negative breast cancers compared with matched normal tissues. No differences in ER-α66 mRNA levels were observed during cancer progression. Conclusion: Down-regulation of ER-α36 is associated with carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer.展开更多
of main observation and conclusion The regioselectivities of 76 Diels-Alder reactions between unsymmetrical dienes and dienophiles were investigated by local softness and generalized local softness at atomic and chemi...of main observation and conclusion The regioselectivities of 76 Diels-Alder reactions between unsymmetrical dienes and dienophiles were investigated by local softness and generalized local softness at atomic and chemical bond view,respectively,where the reactivity descriptors were calculated by finite difference approximation and ABEEMan model.Based on local HSAB principle and matching criterion of local softness,reasonable explanation and prediction on regioselectivities of all reactions through ABEEMan model have been obtained,which are in agreement with the experimental results.Especially,at n-bond level,while the 1-substituents of dienes were NH2/NMe2,and NEt2/because of the p-R conjugated effect between the lone pairs of Natom and the conjugated n-bond of the four double-bonded carbon atoms in diene,it made the dienophile not easy to approach diene by Manner A,hence,Manner B can forecast the ortho regioisomer as main product well,and Manner A cannot.As to the other reactions,both Manner A and Manner B can predict their regioselectivities.It can be seen that the ABEEMan model can take the effect of the chemical environment on the reaction reactivity into account richly,especially the system includes n-bond and lone pairs.However,the results through the finite difference approximation are not reasonable.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11974154)the Taishan Scholars Special Funding for Construction Projectsthe Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2022MA004)。
文摘The search for stable novel polynitrogen clusters has garnered significant attention in the field of energetic materials due to their potential applications as high-energy-density materials.In this study,a chair-like N_(6)^(6-) ring with N-N single bonds in the AlN_(3) compound is theoretically predicted through first-principles calculations in conjunction with an unbiased structure searching method.The predicted AlN_(3) phase exhibits high kinetic and thermodynamic stability,along with a high energy density of 5.04 kJ/g relative to AlN and N_(2) gas.Additionally,its detonation velocity and pressure are estimated to reach 12.93 km/s and 1009.63 kbar,respectively.These values are greater than those of TNT and HMX,positioning it as a promising candidate for high-energy-density materials in the field of explosive combustion.The analysis of electronic properties and the related chemical bonding patterns indicates that the compounds are stabilized by both Coulomb interactions and covalent bonds.More importantly,the calculated formation of enthalpy indicates that the N_(6)^(6-)anions within AlN_(3) can be synthesized by compressing AlN and N_(2) at a moderate pressure(46 GPa).These findings present a viable approach for synthesizing and stabilizing the all-nitrogen N_(6)^(6-)anions.
文摘Growing evidence suggests that there are similar pathological mechanisms and closely related pathogenic risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and Parkinson's disease(PD). However, the epidemiological features of these two diseases are different. This review systematically evaluated the relationship between inflammatory bowel diseases and Parkinson's disease risk. We searched Pub Med, Embase, and Cochrane databases to retrieve observational studies of IBD and PD published from inception to October 2019. Nine observational studies, involving 12,177,520 patients, were included in the final analysis. None of the studies had Newcastle–Ottawa Scale scores that suggested a high risk of bias. After adjusting for confounders and excluding heterogeneous studies, the overall risk of PD was significantly higher in IBD patients than in the general population(adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.34, P < 0.001). A metaanalysis of the temporal relationship revealed that the incidence of IBD was significantly increased before(adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18–1.35, P < 0.001) and after(adjusted RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20–1.80, P < 0.001) PD diagnosis. After excluding a heterogeneous study, the pooled risk of PD development in patients with ulcerative colitis(adjusted HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13–1.38, P < 0.001) or Crohn's disease(adjusted HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.45, P < 0.01) was significantly increased. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in risk between men(adjusted HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10–1.39) and women(adjusted HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.10–1.43);however, older(> 65 years old) IBD patients(adjusted HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.17–1.48) may have a higher risk than younger(≤ 65 years old) patients(adjusted HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08–1.42). Patients with IBD who were not treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α or azathioprine had significantly higher PD risk(adjusted HR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.2). Thus, our meta-analysis indicates a certain correlation between IBD and PD, and suggests that IBD may moderately increase PD risk regardless of sex, especially in patients over 65 years of age. Moreover, early anti-inflammatory therapies for IBD might reduce the risk of developing PD. Our findings suggest an urgent need for an individualized screening strategy for patients with IBD. However, most studies included in this paper were observational, and more randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the precise association between IBD and PD.
文摘BACKGROUND Cement-related embolism is a rare but potentially fatal complication in spinal surgery.Cardiac echocardiography can provide valuable information for the early identification.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old woman who underwent lumbar vertebroplasty and internal fixation under general anesthesia experienced an episode of supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia at the end of surgery.Point-of-care echocardiogram revealed a foreign body in the right heart.After conservative treatment in the intensive care unit,her family decided on comfort care and she expired.CONCLUSION Transthoracic echocardiography may provide early valuable information in patients undergoing vertebroplasty,and mild-moderate pericardial effusion may be a significant sign of a poor outcome.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2009CB521704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30772510)+2 种基金the Ministry of Health of China (No. WKJ2006-2-008)the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province (No. 2007C24011)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. R206060), China
文摘Objective: The novel estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) variant ER-α36 is reported to be functional in the es-trogen signaling pathway and is related to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. However, ER-α36 tends to be a favorable factor for survival in patients without tamoxifen therapy. To investigate the mechanisms behind this paradox, we determined the differences between the transcriptional profiles of ER-α36 and full-length ER-α (ER-α66) in breast cancers and matched normal tissues. Methods: We analyzed ER-α36 and ER-α66 messenger RNA ( mRNA) levels in 74 pairs of breast cancers and matched normal tissues using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and correlated the results with their clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Breast cancers expressed lower ER-α36 mRNA levels than matched normal tissues regardless of their ER-α66 expression status. Down-regulation of ER-α36 mRNA was correlated with local progression, lymph node metastasis, and advanced cancer stage. The level of ER-α66 mRNA was lower in ER-α negative breast cancers compared with matched normal tissues. No differences in ER-α66 mRNA levels were observed during cancer progression. Conclusion: Down-regulation of ER-α36 is associated with carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(No.21473083)Liaoning Normal University,the Research foundation for Advanced Talents of cast China University of Technology(No.DHBK2019139)the open Founda-tion of Jiangxi Province kev Laboratory of the Causes and Controlof Atmospheric Pollution from East China University of Technology(No.AE1904).
文摘of main observation and conclusion The regioselectivities of 76 Diels-Alder reactions between unsymmetrical dienes and dienophiles were investigated by local softness and generalized local softness at atomic and chemical bond view,respectively,where the reactivity descriptors were calculated by finite difference approximation and ABEEMan model.Based on local HSAB principle and matching criterion of local softness,reasonable explanation and prediction on regioselectivities of all reactions through ABEEMan model have been obtained,which are in agreement with the experimental results.Especially,at n-bond level,while the 1-substituents of dienes were NH2/NMe2,and NEt2/because of the p-R conjugated effect between the lone pairs of Natom and the conjugated n-bond of the four double-bonded carbon atoms in diene,it made the dienophile not easy to approach diene by Manner A,hence,Manner B can forecast the ortho regioisomer as main product well,and Manner A cannot.As to the other reactions,both Manner A and Manner B can predict their regioselectivities.It can be seen that the ABEEMan model can take the effect of the chemical environment on the reaction reactivity into account richly,especially the system includes n-bond and lone pairs.However,the results through the finite difference approximation are not reasonable.
