Transformation character of ferrite formation by a ledge mechanism under a mixed-control model

A mixed-control model was developed to study the transformation character of ferrite formation by a ledge mechanism. A nu- merical two-dimensional diffusion-field model was combined to describe the evolution of the diffusion field ahead of the migrating austenite/ferrite interface. The calculation results show that the bulk diffusion-controlled model leads to a deviation from experimental results under large solute supersaturation. In the mixed-control model, solute supersaturation and a parameter Z together determine the transformation character, which is quantified by the normalized concentration of carbon in austenite at the austenite/ferfite interface. By comparing with experimental data, thepre-exponential factor of interface mobility, M0, is estimated within the range from 0.10 to 0.60 mol-m·J^-1·s^-1 for the alloys with 0.1 lwt%-0.49wt% C at 700-740℃. For a certain Fe-C alloy, the trend of the transformation character relies on the magnitude of M0 as the transformation temperature decreases.

In inflammatory bowel disease and extraintestinal manifestations:What role does microbiome play?

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a systemic disorder affecting intestinal tract and other organs outside the gut,known as extraintestinal manifestations(EIMs).These EIMs are complex and diverse,and early treatment may reduce teratogenic rates and improve quality of life.However,our understanding of EIMs in IBD is currently limited by a lack of mechanistic insight.Fortunately,advances in our understanding of intestinal microecology are allowing us to uncover the underlying mechanisms of EIMs.The gut microbiota can drive aberrant immune activation and intestinal inflammation.Intriguingly,chronic inflammation can also shape the microbiome in reverse and aggravate dysbiosis.Recent research has revealed that microbiome-derived signal molecules play a crucial role in catalyzing enterocolitis and altering mucosal barrier function.Furthermore,gut microbiota-associated antigens can translocate from the intestine to extraintestinal sites,leading to systemic inflammatory responses.The microbiome is showing its potential in treating IBD and EIMs,and microbial engineering approaches,such as probiotic engineering and engineered fecal microbiota transplantation,are exhibiting great promise for IBD therapeutics.