Berry texture QTL and candidate gene analysis in grape(Vitis vinifera L.)

Berry texture is a noteworthy economic trait for grape;however,the genetic bases and the complex gene expression and regulatory mechanism for the diverse changes in berry texture are still poorly understood.In this study,the results suggest that it is difficult to obtain high-mesocarp firmness(MesF)and high-pericarp puncture hardness(PPH)grape cultivars with high pericarp brittleness(PerB).The high-density linkage map was constructed using whole-genome resequencing based on 151 F1 individuals originating from intraspecific hybridization between the firm-flesh cultivar‘Red Globe’and soft-flesh cultivar‘Muscat Hamburg’.The total length of the consensus map was 1613.17 cM,with a mean genetic distance between adjacent bin markers of 0.59 cM.Twenty-seven quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for berry MesF,PPH,and PerB were identified in linkage groups(LGs)1,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,14,16,and 17,including twelve QTLs that were firstly detected in LGs 6,11,and 14.Fourteen promising candidate genes were identified from the stable QTL regions in LGs 10,11,14,and 17.In particular,VvWARK2 and VvWARK8 refer to chromosome 17 and are two promising candidate genes for MesF and PPH,as the VvWARK8 gene may increase pectin residue binding with WARK for high berry firmness maintenance and the allele for VvWARK2 carrying the‘CC’and‘GA’genotypes at Chr17:1836764 and Chr17:1836770 may be associated with non-hard texture grape cultivars.In addition,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)verification revealed that the promising candidate transcription factor genes VvMYB4-like,VvERF113,VvWRKY31,VvWRKY1,and VvNAC83 may regulate cell wall metabolism candidate gene expression for grape berry texture changes.

Simulation study on the influence of longitudinal dynamic force on extreme-long heavy-haul trains

Purpose–The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of longitudinal forces on extreme-long heavy-haul trains,providing new insights and methods for their design and operation,thereby enhancing safety,operational efficiency and track system design.Design/methodology/approach–A longitudinal dynamics simulation model of the super long heavy haul train was established and verified by the braking test data of 30,000 t heavy-haul combination train on the long and steep down grade of Daqing Line.The simulation model was used to analyze the influence of factors on the longitudinal force of super long heavy haul train.Findings–Under normal conditions,the formation length of extreme-long heavy-haul combined train has a small effect on the maximum longitudinal coupler force under full service braking and emergency braking on the straight line.The slope difference of the long and steep down grade has a great impact on the maximum longitudinal coupler force of the extreme-long heavy-haul trains.Under the condition that the longitudinal force does not exceed the safety limit of 2,250 kN under full service braking at the speed of 60 km/h the maximum allowable slope difference of long and steep down grade for 40,000 t super long heavy-haul combined trains is 13‰,and that of 100,000 t is only 5‰.Originality/value–The results will provide important theoretical basis and practical guidance for further improving the transportation efficiency and safety of extreme-long heavy-haul trains.

Monitoring energy usage of heavy-haul iron ore trains with on-board energy meter for improving energy efficiency

Purpose-For billing purposes,heavy-haul locomotives in Sweden are equipped with on-board energy meters,which can record several parameters,e.g.,used energy,regenerated energy,speed and position.Since there is a strong demand for improving energy efficiency in Sweden,data from the energy meters can be used to obtain a better understanding of the detailed energy usage of heavy-haul trains and identify potential for future improvements.Design/methodology/approach-To monitor energy efficiency,the present study,therefore,develops key performance indicators(KPIs),which can be calculated with energy meter data to reflect the energy efficiency of heavy-haul trains in operation.Energy meter data of IORE class locomotives,hauling highly uniform 30-tonne axle load trains with 68 wagons,together with additional data sources,are analysed to identify significant parameters for describing driver influence on energy usage.Findings-Results show that driver behaviour varies significantly and has the single largest influence on energy usage.Furthermore,parametric studies are performed with help of simulation to identify the influence of different operational and rolling stock conditions,e.g.,axle loads and number of wagons,on energy usage.Originality/value-Based on the parametric studies,some operational parameters which have significant impact on energy efficiency are found and then the KPIs are derived.In the end,some possible measures for improving energy performance in heavy-haul operations are given.

Application of Three-dimensional Laser Scanning Technology in the Teaching Practice of Surveying and Mapping of Ancient Buildings

Based on the study of the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in ancient building surveying and mapping,this paper briefly describes the working principle and flow of three-dimensional laser scanning technology.Based on the practical application,this paper puts forward the discussion of related problems and matters needing attention.This has a certain reference significance for the study of new technology in surveying and mapping of ancient buildings.

Exploration on the Teaching Method for Surveying and Mapping Practice in Ancient Architecture

Since the introduction of the architecture course,the practice of surveying and mapping of ancient architecture has always been an important compulsory course in the professional course of architecture in colleges and universities in China. Against the background of the new era,the teaching methods used so far can no longer fully meet the needs of the development of the times and the construction of " Double FirstClass" initiative. This paper explores deeply from the aspects of organizational planning,technical support and achievement transformation,in order to enrich the teaching methods for ancient architecture surveying and mapping practice course in architecture major,and finally improve the teaching level and improve the teaching effect.

Cuprous oxide/copper oxide interpenetrated into ordered mesoporous cellulose-based carbon aerogels for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

The casual discharge of dyes from industrial settings has seriously polluted global water systems.Owing to the abundance of biomass resources,preparing photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of dyes is significant;however,it still remains challenging.In this work,a cuprous oxide/copper oxide composite was interpenetrated onto carbon nanosheets of cellulose-based flexible carbon aerogels(Cu_(2)O/CuO@CAx)via a simple freeze-drying-calcination method.The introduction of the carbon aerogel effectively prevents the aggregation of the cuprous oxide/copper oxide composite.In addition,Cu_(2)O/CuO@CA0.2 has a larger specific surface area,stronger charge transfer capacity,and lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers than copper oxide.Moreover,Cu_(2)O/CuO@CA0.2 exhibited high photocatalytic activity in decomposing methylene blue,with a degradation rate reaching up to 99.09% in 60 min.The active oxidation species in the photocatalytic degradation process were systematically investigated by electron spin resonance characterization and poisoning experiments,among which singlet oxygen played a major role.In conclusion,this work provides an effective method for preparing photocatalysts using biomass resources in combination with different metal oxides.It also promotes the development of photocatalytic degradation of dyes.

机器学习在设计高性能锂电池正极材料与电解质中的应用

随着大数据和人工智能的发展以及机器学习(ML)与化学学科领域的交叉,ML技术与电池领域的结合激发了更有前途的电池开发方法,尤其在电池材料设计、性能预测、结构优化等方面的应用愈加广泛。应用ML可以有效地加速电池材料的筛选进程并预测锂电池(LBs)的性能,从而推动LBs的发展。本文简要介绍了ML的基本思想及其在LBs领域中几种重要的ML算法,之后讨论了传统模拟计算方法与ML方法各自的误差表现及分析,借此来提高LBs专家对ML方法的理解。其次,重点介绍了ML在电池材料实际开发中的应用,包括正极材料、电解质、材料多尺度模拟及高通量实验(HTE)等方面,借此介绍ML方法在电池领域应用的思想和手段。最后,总结了ML方法在锂电池领域中的研究现状并展望了其应用前景。本综述旨在阐明ML在LBs开发中的应用,并为先进LBs的研究提供借鉴。

Ideal cardiovascular health and incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among Chinese adults:the China-PAR project

Existing evidence on the relationship between cardiovascular health(CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease(CVD) was primarily derived from western populations. We aimed to evaluate the benefits of ideal CVH metrics on preventing incident atherosclerotic CVD(ASCVD) in Chinese population. This study was conducted among 93,987 adults from the China-PAR project(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China) who were followed up until 2015. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) of CVH metrics for the risk of ASCVD, including coronary heart disease(CHD), stroke and ASCVD death. We further estimated the population-attributable risk percentage(PAR%) of these metrics in relation to each outcome. We observed gradient inverse associations between the number of ideal CVH metrics and ASCVD incidence. Compared with participants having ≤2 ideal CVH metrics, the multivariable-adjusted HRs(95% CIs) of ASCVD for those with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ideal CVH metrics were 0.83(0.74–0.93), 0.66(0.59–0.74), 0.55(0.48–0.61), 0.44(0.38–0.50) and 0.24(0.18–0.31), respectively(P for trend <0.0001). Approximately 62.1% of total ASCVD, 38.7% of CHD, 66.4% of stroke, and 60.5% of ASCVD death were attributable to not achieving all the seven ideal CVH metrics. After adjusting effects of ideal health factors, having four ideal health behaviors could independently bring adults health benefits in preventing 17.4% of ASCVD, 18.0% of CHD, 16.7% of stroke, and 10.1% of ASCVD death. Among all the seven CVH metrics, to keep with ideal blood pressure(BP) implied the largest public health gains against various ASCVD events(PAR% between 33.0% and 47.2%), while ideal diet was the metric most difficult to be achieved in the long term. Our study indicates that the more ideal CVH metrics adults have, the less ASCVD burden there is in China. Special efforts of health education and behavior modification should be made on keeping ideal BP and dietary habits in general Chinese population to prevent the epidemic of ASCVD.

Predicting lifetime risk for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Chinese population:the China-PAR project

Evidence on the lifetime risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) is insufficient;yet,estimating an individual's lifetime risk allows for a comprehensive assessment of ASCVD burden.We developed and validated lifetime risk prediction equations for ASCVD using four large and ongoing prospective cohorts of Chinese,the China-PAR project(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China).Sexspecific equations were developed using two cohorts(as the derivation cohort) of 21,320 participants.Two other independent cohorts with 14,123 and 70,838 participants were used for their external validation,respectively.We evaluated both calibration and discrimination measures for model performance.Furthermore,we estimated ASCVD-free years lost or excess absolute risk attributable to high 10-year risk(!10.0%) and/or high lifetime risk(!32.8%).After 12.3 years' follow-up of the derivation cohort,1048 ASCVD events and 1304 non-ASCVD deaths were identified.Our sex-specific equations had good internal validation,with discriminant C statistics of 0.776(95% confidence interval [CI]:0.757–0.794) and 0.801(95% CI:0.778–0.825),and calibration χ~2 of 9.2(P = 0.418) and 5.6(P = 0.777) for men and women,respectively.Good external validation was also demonstrated with predicted rates closely matched to the observed ones.Compared with men having both low 10-year and low lifetime risk,men would develop ASCVD 3.0,4.6 and 8.6 years earlier if they had high 10-year risk alone,high lifetime risk alone,or both high 10-year and high lifetime risk at the index age of 35 years,respectively.We developed wellperformed lifetime risk prediction equations that will help to identify those with the greatest potential to avert ASCVD burden after implementation of innovative clinical and public health interventions in China.

股骨粗隆间骨折术后非感染性发热因素及风险模型

目的探讨影响股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后非感染性发热的相关危险因素,并建立一种预测其发生风险的模型。方法回顾性筛选并纳入2019年1月至2021年5月苏北人民医院所收住的股骨粗隆间骨折行股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(PFNA)手术的患者。纳入标准:术前明确诊断为单侧闭合性股骨粗隆间骨折;拟行PFNA手术;既往无髋部开放性外伤、手术史;资料完整。排除标准:术前发热;术前及术后有明显的感染;术前明确诊断患有可致发热性疾病;多部位联合手术患者;病理性骨折。选取患者性别、年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟史、饮酒史、麻醉方式、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)评分、手术时间、术中出血、导尿、围术期输血史、术前是否雾化、深静脉血栓、术前血红蛋白(Hb)、术前白细胞、术前白蛋白、术前C-反应蛋白,以及术后1 d的Hb、白细胞、白蛋白、C-反应蛋白等相关危险因素纳入研究。通过对纳入的指标进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析来确定独立危险因素,并建立列线图风险预测模型预测术后并发非感染性发热的风险。结果共收集316例患者,其中有103例发生非感染性发热。单因素分析结果发现性别(χ^(2)=8.509)、麻醉方式(χ^(2)=7.058)、手术时间(χ^(2)=90.225)、手术出血量(χ^(2)=24.497)、围术期输血史(χ^(2)=17.005)及术后1 d低白蛋白(χ^(2)=5.925)等两组之间差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析发现男性、全身麻醉、手术时间长、手术出血量多、围术期输血史及术后1 d低白蛋白是导致术后非感染性发热的独立危险因素。建立列线图风险预测模型,校准曲线结果显示校正曲线与理想曲线拟合均较好,预测值同实测值基本一致。采用C-指数(C-index)评价校准曲线的效果,结果显示该列线图模型具有良好的预测能力[C-index=0.870,95%置信区间(CI)(0.831,0.910),校正C-index=0.858]。结论通过研究发现PFNA术后并发非感染性发热的影响因素主要包括男性、全身麻醉、手术时间较长、手术出血量多、围术期输血史及术后D1低白蛋白,建立的列线图模型对PFNA术后发生非感染性发热风险具有良好的预测能力。然而,这些结论需要大样本、多中心的研究支持。

The increasing expression of GPX7 related to the malignant clinical features leading to poor prognosis of glioma patients

Background:Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults.The standard treatment scheme of glioma is surgical resection combined alternative radio-and chemotherapy.However,the outcome of glioma patients was unsatisfied.Here,we aimed to explore the molecular and biological function characteristics of GPX7 in glioma.Methods:The multidimensional data of glioma samples were downloaded from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA).RT-qPCR method was used to identify the expression status of GPX7.Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to explore the prognostic value of GPX7.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)was applied to investigate the GPX7-related functions in glioma.Results:The results indicated that the expression of GPX7 in glioma was higher compared to that in normal brain tissue.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that the expression value of GPX7 was an independent prognostic factor in glioma.The GSEA analysis showed that GPX7 was significantly enriched in the cell cycle pathway,ECM pathway,focal adhesion pathway,and toll-like receptor pathway.Conclusions:The GPX7 was recommended as an independent risk factor for patients diagnosed with glioma for the first time and GPX7 could be potentially used as the therapy target in future.Furthermore,we attempted to explore a potential biomarker for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with glioma.

An alternative method to reduce process-induced deformation of CFRP by introducing prestresses

Process-induced deformation is an important limiting factor to the application of high performance composite structures.An alternative method to reduce process-induced deformation is proposed by introducing prestress to a single layer or part of the layers instead of all the applicable layers.In this method,the necessary prestress level that applied to the single layer was in the reasonable range.Two kinds of unsymmetric laminates are manufactured at varying prestress levels.The experimental results described that the curing deformation is changed rapidly with the growing prestress level and flipped after a certain prestress level.Moreover,there is a good linear relationship between prestress level and final curing deformation,which gives a convenient way to calculate the prestress level that can fully counteract the curing deformation.The numerical model to predict the curing deformation was built.A good agreement between the numerical and the experimental results shows the effectiveness of the numerical model.To predict the prestress level that can fully counteract the curing deformation,an analytical model is also proposed.Theoretically,the prestress method can fully counteract the curing deformation of the specimens,while the experimental results show that the prestressing layer reduces more than 80%of the curing deformation.

考虑扣件失效影响的缩减高速铁路车辆-曲线无砟轨道耦合动力学模型

近年来,扣件故障在我国高速铁路线路曲线段中经常出现.为了更好地对扣件故障进行处理,有必要分析扣件故障对高速铁路车线耦合动力学响应的影响.本文基于缩减方法建立了高速铁路车线耦合动力学模型,其中钢轨采用截短梁方法和曲线梁理论进行建模,而轨道板采用4节点Kirchhoff-Love版单元进行建模.本文首先通过不同传统模型验证了车线耦合动力学模型,然后基于该车线耦合动力学模型分析了扣件失效对车线耦合动力学响应的影响.在分析过程中,本文分别考虑了不同扣件失效数目和扣件失效类型.由计算结果可见,由弹条断裂引发的扣件故障对车线耦合动力学响应影响较小,但是由扣件橡胶板损坏引发的扣件故障对车线耦合动力学响应影响明显,因此必须严格防止此类扣件故障.

Dynamic modeling and analysis of the looped space tether transportation system based on ANCF

A high‐fidelity multibody‐system dynamic model of the looped tether transportation system(L‐TTS)is proposed in this study to study its large deformation as well as large overall motion.The absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF)‐based gradient‐deficient beam element is employed to establish the accurate model of the two flexible tethers subject to large deformations.The relative movement of climbers along tethers is described by using the sliding joint model based on ANCF.To reduce the collision risks between tethers and climbers,two libration suppression strategies,namely,the decelerated motion of climbers relative to tethers and multiple climbers per tether are investigated in this study.Several numerical simulations not only validate the effectiveness of the two strategies in reducing the collision risks between climbers and tethers,the overall librations of L‐TTS,and the magnitudes of the longitudinal elastic force of tethers,but also verify the good performance of the high‐fidelity model proposed in this study for dynamic simulation of the L‐TTS in microgravity conditions.