Dear Editor Mumps,caused by mumps virus(MuV),is still a serious threat to the health of children and teenagers.In most mumps cases,the clinical symptoms were parotitis,myalgia,malaise,fever and headache.As a neurotrop...Dear Editor Mumps,caused by mumps virus(MuV),is still a serious threat to the health of children and teenagers.In most mumps cases,the clinical symptoms were parotitis,myalgia,malaise,fever and headache.As a neurotropic virus,MuV infection also causes cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in one-third of patients and meningitis in 10%of patients.For very few cases,orchitis and oophoritis also can occur(Carbone and Wolinsky 2001).展开更多
Dear Editors,The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by SARS-CoV-2,broke out in early December 2019 has escalated into a global pandemic(Lai et al.2020).Till the May 20 th 2020,more than 4,700,000 people were in...Dear Editors,The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by SARS-CoV-2,broke out in early December 2019 has escalated into a global pandemic(Lai et al.2020).Till the May 20 th 2020,more than 4,700,000 people were infected and the number is still increasing especially in Europe,North America and Asia(https://covid19.who.int/).展开更多
The innate immune response is the first line of defense against viral invasion and pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines have a critical function in the innate immune responses against virus infections. The abilit...The innate immune response is the first line of defense against viral invasion and pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines have a critical function in the innate immune responses against virus infections. The ability of a rabies virus(RABV) to induce the expression of chemokines and cytokines can lead to viral clearance from the central nervous system(CNS), whereas the ability to evade such expression and activation contributes to virulence and pathogenicity. In this review, the crucial contribution of chemokines/cytokines to clearing RABV from the CNS is discussed, including recruiting leukocytes into the CNS, enhancement of blood brain barrier permeability and activation of various immune cells that are essential for viral clearance. In addition, recombinant RABV expressing cytokines and chemokines can induce elevated innate and adaptive immune responses which result in clearing an established wild-type RABV infection in the CNS.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31702248)the Beijing Innovation Fund for Small Technology-based Firms(Z16010101394)。
文摘Dear Editor Mumps,caused by mumps virus(MuV),is still a serious threat to the health of children and teenagers.In most mumps cases,the clinical symptoms were parotitis,myalgia,malaise,fever and headache.As a neurotropic virus,MuV infection also causes cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in one-third of patients and meningitis in 10%of patients.For very few cases,orchitis and oophoritis also can occur(Carbone and Wolinsky 2001).
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31702248)。
文摘Dear Editors,The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by SARS-CoV-2,broke out in early December 2019 has escalated into a global pandemic(Lai et al.2020).Till the May 20 th 2020,more than 4,700,000 people were infected and the number is still increasing especially in Europe,North America and Asia(https://covid19.who.int/).
基金partially supported by Public Health Service grants AI-051560 and AI-093369 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
文摘The innate immune response is the first line of defense against viral invasion and pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines have a critical function in the innate immune responses against virus infections. The ability of a rabies virus(RABV) to induce the expression of chemokines and cytokines can lead to viral clearance from the central nervous system(CNS), whereas the ability to evade such expression and activation contributes to virulence and pathogenicity. In this review, the crucial contribution of chemokines/cytokines to clearing RABV from the CNS is discussed, including recruiting leukocytes into the CNS, enhancement of blood brain barrier permeability and activation of various immune cells that are essential for viral clearance. In addition, recombinant RABV expressing cytokines and chemokines can induce elevated innate and adaptive immune responses which result in clearing an established wild-type RABV infection in the CNS.
