Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis with Channel-Wise Attention Mechanisms in Deep Learning

Breast cancer,particularly Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(IDC),is a primary global health concern predominantly affecting women.Early and precise diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.Several AI-based tech-niques for IDC-level classification have been proposed in recent years.Processing speed,memory size,and accuracy can still be improved for better performance.Our study presents ECAM,an Enhanced Channel-Wise Attention Mechanism,using deep learning to analyze histopathological images of Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma(BIDC).The main objectives of our study are to enhance computational efficiency using a Separable CNN architecture,improve data representation through hierarchical feature aggregation,and increase accuracy and interpretability with channel-wise attention mechanisms.Utilizing publicly available datasets,DataBioX IDC and the BreakHis,we benchmarked the proposed ECAM model against existing state-of-the-art models:DenseNet121,VGG16,and AlexNet.In the IDC dataset,the model based on AlexNet achieved an accuracy rate of 86.81%and an F1 score of 86.94%.On the other hand,DenseNet121 outperformed with an accuracy of 95.60%and an F1 score of 95.75%.Meanwhile,the VGG16 model achieved an accuracy rate of 91.20%and an F1 score of 90%.Our proposed ECAM model outperformed the state-of-the-art,achieving an impressive F1 score of 96.65%and an accuracy rate of 96.70%.The BreakHis dataset,the AlexNet-based model,achieved an accuracy rate of 90.82%and an F1 score of 90.77%.DenseNet121 achieved a higher accuracy rate of 92.66%with an F1 score of 92.72%,while the VGG16 model achieved an accuracy of 92.60%and an F1 score of 91.31%.The proposed ECAM model again outperformed,achieving an F1 score of 96.37%and an accuracy rate of 96.33%.Our model is a significant advancement in breast cancer diagnosis,with high accuracy and potential as an automated grading,especially for IDC.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis using traditional Chinese medicine

Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium with strong pathogenicity, which can induce chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer in addition to causing gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia after longterm infection. It is even associated closely with the occurrence of gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Recently, the incidence of H. pylori-associated gastritis has increased rapidly worldwide, especially in China. The prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection has become an urgent issue to be resolved by the medical community. Traditional Chinese medicine and the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine have recently shown unique advantages in the treatment of H. pylori–associated gastritis. The progress in this area is summarized in this review.

A New Method to Construct Education Knowledge Graph

Learning from the Internet is becoming more and more convenient and attracting more and more people. How to obtain knowledge from massive data and construct high quality knowledge graph has become a research hot topic. This paper proposes a new method of knowledge graph construction based on crowd-sourcing. Firstly, learners build the subgraphs to acquire knowledge through the crowd-sourcing task; secondly, we put forward the fusion strategy of knowledge subgraph, in which knowledge graph is converted into the adjacency matrix, and the weight of the knowledge relation is calculated by matrix operations, thus knowledge graph is constructed. Finally, experiments conducted on an open platform show that the accuracy and integrity of proposed method of constructing knowledge graph are higher and our new method exists potential value for online learning and self-regulated learning.

The mechanism of HBx protein to promote the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and the third most common cause of death from cancer, after lung and stomach cancer. Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is closely related to HCC and is a major cause of HCC. HBV is a lysogenic virus of the hepadnavirus family. Its genome presents a slack, ring-like, double-chain structure, containing four open reading frames. The X region encodes the product HBV X protein(HBx), which is a multifunctional regulatory protein that plays an important role in intracellular signal transduction, viral genome replication and transcription, cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell cycle progression, protein degradation, and genetic stability of hepatocytes. This article summarizes the recent research on the mechanism of promotion of initiation and progression of HCC by HBx protein.

Radix Glehniae extract inhibits the migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells

Objective: To investigate the effect of Radix Glehniae on the migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells, and to explore the underlying mechanism. Method: Normal human bronchial cell line 16 HBE and lung cancer cell line SK-MES-1 were cultured in vitro. Radix Glehniae extract was prepared to treat the two kinds of cells. The proliferation ability of 16 HBE cells was determined by CCK-8 assay. The migration and invasion abilities of SK-MES-1 cells were determined by Transwell and Matrigel assays, respectively. The expression of TIMP2 m RNA in SK-MES-1 cells was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR(q-PCR). The secretion level of TIMP2 protein by SK-MES-1 cells was measured by ELISA experiment. Results: Radix Glehniae extract caused no toxic effects on 16 HBE cells at the concentrations of 1 mg/ml to 15 mg/ml. Radix Glehniae extract(from 5 mg/ml to 15 mg/ml) significantly inhibited SK-MES-1 cell migration and invasion abilities, as well as upregulated TIMP2 m RNA expression and enhanced TIMP2 secretion by SK-MES-1 cells. Conclusion: Radix Glehniae can inhibit the migration and invasion behaviors of lung cancer cells by upregulating TIMP2 expression and secretion.

Xanthii Fructus Inhibits Malignant Behaviors of Lung Cancer Cells by Changing the Expression of Small RNAs

Objective: To investigate the influence of Xanthii Fructuson the expression of small non-coding RNAs(snc RNA) and the malignant behaviors of lung cancer cells. Method: A549 human lung cancer cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations(5-15 mg/ml) of the ethanol extract of Xanthii Fructus. The expression of mi R-21 and pi RNA55490 was analyzed by Realtime PCR. The proliferation capacity was detected by CCK-8 assay. The anchorage-independent growth capacity was measured by soft agar colony formation experiment. The cell invasion capacity was determined by Matrigel assay. Results: The Xanthii Fructus alcohol extract down-regulated the expression of the oncogenic snc RNAmi R-21, and up-regulated the expression of the tumor suppressive snc RNA pi RNA55490. At the functional level, proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion capacities of the lung cancer cells were strongly inhibited by the extract treatment. Conclusion: The Chinese herb Xanthii Fructus inhibits the malignant behaviors of lung cancer cells, and the inhibition is largely associated with its ability to change the expression of snc RNAs.

Structural diversification of phenylspirodrimane lactams by employing a biosynthetic intermediate

Phenylspirodrimanes are a kind of meroterpenoids with structural diversity and complexity,exhibiting a wide of biological properties,especially for the lactam derivatives consisting a y-lactam moiety and N-linked side chains.These compounds were derived from multi-step combination of enzymatic and non-enzymatic conversions of intermediates in their biosynthetic pathways.Stachbotrydial(2)with an o-phthalaldehyde unit was supposed as the high-reactivity intermediate of phenylspirodrimane lactams via nonenzymatic reaction with amines.In the present work,an effective and non-enzymatic diversification strategy was developed for the structural diversification of phenylspirodrimane lactams including monomers and dimers from 2 by feeding structurally various mono-and diamines in the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum cultures.In total,24 phenylspirodrimane lactams(1,3-25)including 18 new compounds were synthesized.Among them,stachybocin A(1),a bioactive phenylspirodrimane lactam dimer,was produced with the yield of 18.7 mg/g of cell dry weight.The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data,single-crystal X-ray diffraction(Cu Kα),and calculated electronic circular dichroism(ECD)analyses.Bioassay revealed that compounds 1,17,and 24 displayed significant inhibitory effect on the inactivated state of hNav 1.2 channels with IC_(50) values of 0.22,2.08,and 0.53μmol/L,respectively.In addition,1 showed potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B)inhibitory N-methyl-b-aspartate(NMDA)receptor antagonistic,and anti-inflammatory activities.

Mouse model for pangolin-origin coronavirus GX/P2V/2017 infection and cross-protection from COVID-19 ZF2001 subunit vaccine

Many severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)–related coronaviruses have been discovered,constituting potential threats to human health.However,it remains unclear whether the currently available vaccines are effective against these coronaviruses.Here,we constructed a wild-type mouse model to evaluate pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2-related pangolin coronavirus GX/P2V/2017 and neutralization efficacy of the approved tandemrepeat SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain(RBD)vaccine ZF2001.We found that ZF2001-induced cross-reactive and cross-neutralizing antibodies against GX/P2V/2017,and the vaccination alleviated the pathological lung damage caused by GX/P2V/2017 in mice.These results indicate that RBD may work as a promising candidate for pan-coronavirus vaccine development.