患者男,35岁,因无明显诱因右侧腹痛11 h来我院就诊。自述右腹持续性隐痛,无放射痛,无发热、恶心、呕吐,无腹泻、无胸闷、心悸,无尿频、尿痛及血尿等,未行特殊处理。既往无腹部手术史和腹部隐痛病史。体格检查:体温36.4℃,脉搏80次/min,...患者男,35岁,因无明显诱因右侧腹痛11 h来我院就诊。自述右腹持续性隐痛,无放射痛,无发热、恶心、呕吐,无腹泻、无胸闷、心悸,无尿频、尿痛及血尿等,未行特殊处理。既往无腹部手术史和腹部隐痛病史。体格检查:体温36.4℃,脉搏80次/min,呼吸20次/min,血压140/70 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),右下腹腹肌紧张,麦氏点压痛,伴反跳痛,余未见明显异常。展开更多
目的探讨实时超声弹性成像技术(real-time elastography,RTE)对肝纤维化分期诊断的价值。方法疑诊肝纤维化患者102例,均行RTE检查测量8个动态参数,然后行肝穿刺活检组织病理检查,并依据肝纤维化分期诊断结果分为肝纤维化组和对照组。比...目的探讨实时超声弹性成像技术(real-time elastography,RTE)对肝纤维化分期诊断的价值。方法疑诊肝纤维化患者102例,均行RTE检查测量8个动态参数,然后行肝穿刺活检组织病理检查,并依据肝纤维化分期诊断结果分为肝纤维化组和对照组。比较2组RTE参数,Spearman法分析RTE参数与肝纤维化分期的相关性。结果肝纤维化组应变均值(90.83±4.23)低于对照组(107.23±3.59),标准差、蓝色区域面积百分比(area ratio of low-strain region,AREA%)、复杂度、偏度(57.32±2.93、39.26±2.13、29.79±3.10、0.29±0.10)高于对照组(30.95±3.26、20.13±3.16、18.13±3.98、-0.10±0.23)(P<0.05),峰态系数(2.67±0.21)、对比度(90.42±10.31)、相关性(0.95±0.01)与对照组(2.59±0.31、90.13±9.42、0.94±0.01)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肝纤维化组应变均值随肝纤维化分期增加而下降,标准差、AREA%和复杂度随分期增加而增大(P<0.05);Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,应变均值(r=-0.879,P=0.001)与肝纤维化分期呈负相关,标准差(r=0.519,P=0.001)、AREA%(r=0.816,P=0.001)、复杂度(r=0.312,P=0.037)与肝纤维化分期呈正相关。结论 RTE有利于肝纤维化的早期确诊及纤维化程度的判定。展开更多
The home ranges of the Narcissus Flycatcher(Ficedula narcissina elisae)and the Yellow-rumped Fly-catcher(F.zanthopygia)are measured by radio telemetry in a subalpine forest near Beijing,China.The home range is calcula...The home ranges of the Narcissus Flycatcher(Ficedula narcissina elisae)and the Yellow-rumped Fly-catcher(F.zanthopygia)are measured by radio telemetry in a subalpine forest near Beijing,China.The home range is calculated by 100%Minimum Convex Polygon(MCP),and the area varies from 2,000 to 5,000 m2.The majority of fly-catchers can be found in the bottom of valleys and the under-side of mountains.It is fairly rare for both Flycatcher species to leave their nests more than 70 m.Individuals of the species in pair-banding and nest-detecting periods have larger home ranges than those in incubation and rearing periods.The levels of canopy coverage in the home ranges of Narcissus Flycatchers are significantly higher than that of Yellow-rumped Flycatchers.There are also more tall trees and stumps in the home ranges of Narcissus Flycatchers than in that of Yellow-rumped Flycatchers.The dominant tree species in the home ranges of Narcissus Flycatchers is Dahurian Birch(Betula dahurica),whereas Manchurian Walnut(Juglans mandshurica)is the dominant tree species in the home ranges of Yellow-rumped Flycatchers.展开更多
Home range and habitat use of male Reeves’s pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)were studied during winter of 2001~2002 and 2002~2003 in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Henan Province.Results from five individuals of R...Home range and habitat use of male Reeves’s pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)were studied during winter of 2001~2002 and 2002~2003 in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Henan Province.Results from five individuals of Reeves’s pheasant with over 30 relocations,indicated that the average size of home range was 10.03±1.17 hm^(2) by Minimum Convex Polygon method,8.60±0.35 hm^(2) by 90%Harmonic Mean Transformation method,and 9.50±1.90 hm^(2) by 95%Fixed Kernel method.It was observed that the winter range is smaller than that in the breeding season.The mean core area of the home range was found to be 1.88±0.37 hm^(2).Although the habitat composition of the core area varied greatly for individuals,a large part of the habitats used were composed of conifer and broadleaf mixed forests,masson pine forests,fir forests,and shrubs.Habitat use within the study area was non-random,while habitats within home ranges were randomly used.Habitat use was dictated by tree diameter at breast height,shrub height and coverage at 2.0 m.The proximity between forests and shrubs were also found to be important in providing refuge for the birds during winter.Recommendations for conservation management include protecting the existing habitats in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,increasing suitable habitat for Reeves’s Pheasant through artificial plantations(e.g.firs),and restoring some parts of the large shrub area into forests.展开更多
From April to July 2003 and 2004,we surveyed the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)in the Zhujie Monastery and in the mountain facing it in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,...From April to July 2003 and 2004,we surveyed the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)in the Zhujie Monastery and in the mountain facing it in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,we studied the nest characteristics and the clutch size of the pheasant.Habitat sampling method was used to determine the variables that might affect the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant.Chi-square test was used to identify which habitat type was likely to be preferred by the bird.Independent-samples t test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to find which variables were important for the birds’nest-site selection.A total of 13 nests were found.Oak shrub was greatly preferred as nest sites(84.62%).Nests under a rock wall(7.69%)and a fallen tree(7.69%)were also found.The average clutch size of a White Eared pheasant is 7.33±0.54(range,5–11;n=12).Laying period was between April 27 and May 21.In the Zhujie area,1 nest was in the forest and 11 nests were in oak shrubs.The species preferred oak shrub as its nesting habitat(χ^(2)=8.333,df=1,P<0.05).The bird was more likely to place its nest in sites with a high coverage,i.e.0.5,1,and 2 m above the ground(independent-samples t test,P<0.05),and with a large shrub diameter(Mann–Whitney U test,P<0.05).The species are more likely to prefer sites with plant cover,shrub cover(independentsamples t test,P<0.05),and shrub height(Mann–Whitney U test,P<0.05)in a relatively small range.展开更多
Many studies have demonstrated the changes in the spatial patterns of plant and animal communities with respect to habitat fragmentation.Insular communities tend to exhibit some special patterns in connection with the...Many studies have demonstrated the changes in the spatial patterns of plant and animal communities with respect to habitat fragmentation.Insular communities tend to exhibit some special patterns in connection with the characteristics of island habitats.In this paper,the relationships between richness,assemblage,and abundance of bird communities with respect to island features were analyzed in 20 urban woodlots in Hangzhou,China.Field investigations of bird communities,using the line transect method,were conducted from January to December,1997.Each woodlot was surveyed 16 times during the year.Results indicated that bird richness was higher,per unit area,in the smaller woodlots than the larger ones,and overall bird density decreased with the increase in the size of woodlot.However,the evenness of species abundance increased with the area,and small woodlots were usually dominated by higher density species and large woodlots by medium density species.Most species occurring in the small woodlots also occurred in larger woodlots.Also,bird communities among urban woodlots showed a nestedness pattern in assemblage.These patterns implied that the main impacts of woodland habitat fragmentation are:(1)species are constricted and thus species number will increase at a given sample size;(2)as surface area decreases,the proportion of forest edge species as to interior species will increase;(3)community abundance will therefore increase per unit area but most individuals will be from a few dominant species;and(4)overall species diversity will decrease at a habitat level as well as at a region level.These patterns of community in response to the island features were therefore summarized as“island effects in community”.The underlying processes of such observations were also examined in this paper.Woodlot area,edge ratio,isolation,and habitat nestedness were considered as the important factors forming the island effects in community.High heterogeneity between habitats usually contributed most to the maintenance of regional biodiversity,especially in urban woodlots.展开更多
文摘患者男,35岁,因无明显诱因右侧腹痛11 h来我院就诊。自述右腹持续性隐痛,无放射痛,无发热、恶心、呕吐,无腹泻、无胸闷、心悸,无尿频、尿痛及血尿等,未行特殊处理。既往无腹部手术史和腹部隐痛病史。体格检查:体温36.4℃,脉搏80次/min,呼吸20次/min,血压140/70 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),右下腹腹肌紧张,麦氏点压痛,伴反跳痛,余未见明显异常。
文摘目的探讨实时超声弹性成像技术(real-time elastography,RTE)对肝纤维化分期诊断的价值。方法疑诊肝纤维化患者102例,均行RTE检查测量8个动态参数,然后行肝穿刺活检组织病理检查,并依据肝纤维化分期诊断结果分为肝纤维化组和对照组。比较2组RTE参数,Spearman法分析RTE参数与肝纤维化分期的相关性。结果肝纤维化组应变均值(90.83±4.23)低于对照组(107.23±3.59),标准差、蓝色区域面积百分比(area ratio of low-strain region,AREA%)、复杂度、偏度(57.32±2.93、39.26±2.13、29.79±3.10、0.29±0.10)高于对照组(30.95±3.26、20.13±3.16、18.13±3.98、-0.10±0.23)(P<0.05),峰态系数(2.67±0.21)、对比度(90.42±10.31)、相关性(0.95±0.01)与对照组(2.59±0.31、90.13±9.42、0.94±0.01)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肝纤维化组应变均值随肝纤维化分期增加而下降,标准差、AREA%和复杂度随分期增加而增大(P<0.05);Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,应变均值(r=-0.879,P=0.001)与肝纤维化分期呈负相关,标准差(r=0.519,P=0.001)、AREA%(r=0.816,P=0.001)、复杂度(r=0.312,P=0.037)与肝纤维化分期呈正相关。结论 RTE有利于肝纤维化的早期确诊及纤维化程度的判定。
基金We wish to thank the managers of Xiaolongmen Forestry Garden for accommodation,Zhang Jie,Sun Yue,and Dong Lu for field assistance.Financial support was provided by the National Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.30170115).
文摘The home ranges of the Narcissus Flycatcher(Ficedula narcissina elisae)and the Yellow-rumped Fly-catcher(F.zanthopygia)are measured by radio telemetry in a subalpine forest near Beijing,China.The home range is calculated by 100%Minimum Convex Polygon(MCP),and the area varies from 2,000 to 5,000 m2.The majority of fly-catchers can be found in the bottom of valleys and the under-side of mountains.It is fairly rare for both Flycatcher species to leave their nests more than 70 m.Individuals of the species in pair-banding and nest-detecting periods have larger home ranges than those in incubation and rearing periods.The levels of canopy coverage in the home ranges of Narcissus Flycatchers are significantly higher than that of Yellow-rumped Flycatchers.There are also more tall trees and stumps in the home ranges of Narcissus Flycatchers than in that of Yellow-rumped Flycatchers.The dominant tree species in the home ranges of Narcissus Flycatchers is Dahurian Birch(Betula dahurica),whereas Manchurian Walnut(Juglans mandshurica)is the dominant tree species in the home ranges of Yellow-rumped Flycatchers.
基金Funding was provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No.30070117 and 30330050)State Key Basic Research Program Plan (G2000046805).
文摘Home range and habitat use of male Reeves’s pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)were studied during winter of 2001~2002 and 2002~2003 in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Henan Province.Results from five individuals of Reeves’s pheasant with over 30 relocations,indicated that the average size of home range was 10.03±1.17 hm^(2) by Minimum Convex Polygon method,8.60±0.35 hm^(2) by 90%Harmonic Mean Transformation method,and 9.50±1.90 hm^(2) by 95%Fixed Kernel method.It was observed that the winter range is smaller than that in the breeding season.The mean core area of the home range was found to be 1.88±0.37 hm^(2).Although the habitat composition of the core area varied greatly for individuals,a large part of the habitats used were composed of conifer and broadleaf mixed forests,masson pine forests,fir forests,and shrubs.Habitat use within the study area was non-random,while habitats within home ranges were randomly used.Habitat use was dictated by tree diameter at breast height,shrub height and coverage at 2.0 m.The proximity between forests and shrubs were also found to be important in providing refuge for the birds during winter.Recommendations for conservation management include protecting the existing habitats in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,increasing suitable habitat for Reeves’s Pheasant through artificial plantations(e.g.firs),and restoring some parts of the large shrub area into forests.
基金supported by the National Sciences Foundation of China (no.30330050)the Chicago Zoological Society.
文摘From April to July 2003 and 2004,we surveyed the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)in the Zhujie Monastery and in the mountain facing it in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,we studied the nest characteristics and the clutch size of the pheasant.Habitat sampling method was used to determine the variables that might affect the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant.Chi-square test was used to identify which habitat type was likely to be preferred by the bird.Independent-samples t test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to find which variables were important for the birds’nest-site selection.A total of 13 nests were found.Oak shrub was greatly preferred as nest sites(84.62%).Nests under a rock wall(7.69%)and a fallen tree(7.69%)were also found.The average clutch size of a White Eared pheasant is 7.33±0.54(range,5–11;n=12).Laying period was between April 27 and May 21.In the Zhujie area,1 nest was in the forest and 11 nests were in oak shrubs.The species preferred oak shrub as its nesting habitat(χ^(2)=8.333,df=1,P<0.05).The bird was more likely to place its nest in sites with a high coverage,i.e.0.5,1,and 2 m above the ground(independent-samples t test,P<0.05),and with a large shrub diameter(Mann–Whitney U test,P<0.05).The species are more likely to prefer sites with plant cover,shrub cover(independentsamples t test,P<0.05),and shrub height(Mann–Whitney U test,P<0.05)in a relatively small range.
基金Studies were supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30070131)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.M303186).
文摘Many studies have demonstrated the changes in the spatial patterns of plant and animal communities with respect to habitat fragmentation.Insular communities tend to exhibit some special patterns in connection with the characteristics of island habitats.In this paper,the relationships between richness,assemblage,and abundance of bird communities with respect to island features were analyzed in 20 urban woodlots in Hangzhou,China.Field investigations of bird communities,using the line transect method,were conducted from January to December,1997.Each woodlot was surveyed 16 times during the year.Results indicated that bird richness was higher,per unit area,in the smaller woodlots than the larger ones,and overall bird density decreased with the increase in the size of woodlot.However,the evenness of species abundance increased with the area,and small woodlots were usually dominated by higher density species and large woodlots by medium density species.Most species occurring in the small woodlots also occurred in larger woodlots.Also,bird communities among urban woodlots showed a nestedness pattern in assemblage.These patterns implied that the main impacts of woodland habitat fragmentation are:(1)species are constricted and thus species number will increase at a given sample size;(2)as surface area decreases,the proportion of forest edge species as to interior species will increase;(3)community abundance will therefore increase per unit area but most individuals will be from a few dominant species;and(4)overall species diversity will decrease at a habitat level as well as at a region level.These patterns of community in response to the island features were therefore summarized as“island effects in community”.The underlying processes of such observations were also examined in this paper.Woodlot area,edge ratio,isolation,and habitat nestedness were considered as the important factors forming the island effects in community.High heterogeneity between habitats usually contributed most to the maintenance of regional biodiversity,especially in urban woodlots.
