End-group modulation of phenazine based non-fullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

Phenazine-based non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have demonstrated great potential in improving the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Halogenation is known to be an effective strategy for increasing optical absorption,refining energy levels,and improving molecular packing in organic semiconductors.Herein,a series of NFAs(Pz IC-4H,Pz IC-4F,Pz IC-4Cl,Pz IC-2Br)with phenazine as the central core and with/without halogen-substituted(dicyanomethylidene)-indan-1-one(IC)as the electron-accepting end group were synthesized,and the effect of end group matched phenazine central unit on the photovoltaic performance was systematically studied.Synergetic photophysical and morphological analyses revealed that the PM6:Pz IC-4F blend involves efficient exciton dissociation,higher charge collection and transfer rates,better crystallinity,and optimal phase separation.Therefore,OSCs based on PM6:Pz IC-4F as the active layer exhibited a PCE of 16.48%with an open circuit voltage(Voc)and energy loss of 0.880 V and 0.53 e V,respectively.Accordingly,this work demonstrated a promising approach by designing phenazine-based NFAs for achieving high-performance OSCs.

Microseismic event waveform classification using CNN-based transfer learning models

The efficient processing of large amounts of data collected by the microseismic monitoring system(MMS),especially the rapid identification of microseismic events in explosions and noise,is essential for mine disaster prevention.Currently,this work is primarily performed by skilled technicians,which results in severe workloads and inefficiency.In this paper,CNN-based transfer learning combined with computer vision technology was used to achieve automatic recognition and classification of multichannel microseismic signal waveforms.First,data collected by MMS was generated into 6-channel original waveforms based on events.After that,sample data sets of microseismic events,blasts,drillings,and noises were established through manual identification.These datasets were split into training sets and test sets according to a certain proportion,and transfer learning was performed on AlexNet,GoogLeNet,and ResNet50 pre-training network models,respectively.After training and tuning,optimal models were retained and compared with support vector machine classification.Results show that transfer learning models perform well on different test sets.Overall,GoogLeNet performed best,with a recognition accuracy of 99.8%.Finally,the possible effects of the number of training sets and the imbalance of different types of sample data on the accuracy and effectiveness of classification models were discussed.

具有高效激子解离和明确反应位点的Tröger碱基三维多孔芳基有机骨架及其光催化近单一选择性CO_(2)转化

植物光合作用是吸收光能,把CO_(2)和水转化成富能有机物,同时释放氧气的过程.受此启发,利用太阳光将CO_(2)转化为碳氢燃料的人工碳中和技术引起了广泛关注.人工光合作用能否成功实施取决于光催化剂的设计制备.无机半导体已被广泛研究用于CO_(2)光还原反应(CO_(2)PRR),但其存在金属氧化物的带隙较宽且难以调节、导致光吸收较差和金属硫化物的光腐蚀问题严重等明显的缺点.此外,高载流子复合率和低比表面积会影响光催化效率,从而限制光子利用.因此,基于有机聚合物的无金属催化剂因其突出的可设计调控性而被提出,其中,具有超高比表面积的材料—多孔芳香骨架(PAFs)聚合物是研究热点之一,但是传统PAFs材料多为二维平面结构,用于光催化的无金属三维PAFs报道较少.此外,具有孤对电子的杂原子(N,B,F)修饰的材料可以与CO_(2)分子产生特定的偶极-四极相互作用,提高材料对CO_(2)的吸附和活化能力,是提升有机聚合物光催化剂性能的有效策略.本文采用Sonogashira-Hagihara偶联将具有不同共轭程度的芳香炔烃(2,2’,7,7‘-四乙炔基-9,9’-螺二芴,SPF-T;四(4-乙炔基苯基)甲烷,TEPM-T;1,1,2,2-四(4-乙炔基苯基)乙烯,TEPE-T)与含有N杂原子的Tröger碱聚合制备了具有三维结构的多孔芳香骨架聚合物X-TB-PAFs(X=TEPE,TEPM,SPF).通过X-射线衍射、红外光谱、13C核磁共振(NMR)以及1H NMR等表征手段验证了目标聚合物的成功合成.通过紫外-可见光谱和Mott-Schottky曲线测试研究了聚合物具体的能带结构,发现三种PAFs聚合物材料在热力学上同时满足光催化CO_(2)-CO的还原反应条件(Eθ=-0.51 Vvs.NHE,pH=7)和光催化H2O-O_(2)的氧化条件(Eθ=0.82 V vs.NHE,pH=7).V形骨架结构的Tröger碱(TB)单元和芳炔的结合赋予了聚合物刚性稳定的孔隙率以及较高的比表面积,材料中的多孔结构可以使其暴露更多的活性位点,三维框架结构为反应物接近活性位点提供了丰富的开放式空腔,这些都有利于材料对CO_(2)的捕获,增强催化剂对CO_(2)的吸附/活化能力.此外,炔基充当连接通道还可以增强体系的载流子迁移率,提升材料的光催化性能.密度泛函理论计算和光电性能测试结果表明,TB官能团引入带来的分子内极化和电子陷阱位点的优势,其与三维共轭网络结构一起协同调节了光生载流子的分离和反应位点分布.三种三维PAFs中,基于全共轭结构TEPE-T的TEPE-TB-PAF表现出最高效的光生载流子传输与分离效率,在没有助催化剂和牺牲剂的情况下表现出较好的光催化CO产率(194.50μmolg^(-1)h^(-1))和近乎单一的选择性(99.74%).全共轭TEPE-T的引入和分子内极化的存在可以促进框架内载流子的分离和迁移.材料中的电偶极矩(从负电荷到正电荷)指向TB中含有叔氮官能团的桥接位点,使其成为明确的催化反应位点.光电流和阻抗测试结果表明,TEPE-TB-PAF具有更好的电子-空穴分离能力和更小的电荷迁移位阻.三维框架构建产生的多重散射截面可以促进材料中的光子吸收,从而提高其光催化性能.理论计算和原位漫反射傅立叶变换红外光谱结果表明,材料中CO解吸的低能垒和*CHO形成的高能垒是TEPE-TB-PAF高CO产率和选择性的根本机制.综上,本文为多功能高效有机聚合物光催化剂的合成提供了有效途径,并为同时改善光催化剂的转化率和选择性提供了借鉴.

管理层短视对数字化转型的影响研究——基于机构投资者持股的调节作用

近年来,全球数字经济的飞速发展,数字化转型已经成为企业向前发展的必经之路,但一些管理层的短视行为可能会阻碍数字化转型的实施。本文基于2007-2021年我国A股上市公司为样本数据,采用面板固定效应模型,探究管理者短视主义对企业数字化转型的影响,以及机构投资者持股的调节效应。研究发现,管理层的短视主义会抑制企业数字化转型的进程,机构投资者持股在二者间发挥负向的调节作用,在经过稳健性检验后此结论仍成立。

Boosted sodium ion storage performance in MnO_(2):Understanding the bond angle-mediated orbital overlap in MnO_(6)units for fast charge transfer

Symmetric six oxygen-coordinated Mn structural units(MnO6)in MnO2 with small Mn–O orbital overlap hamper electron transfer rates during energy storage.Herein,we report a novel bond angle modulation strategy to manipulate Mn–O orbital overlap in MnO2 through the construction of Mn vacancies(MnO2-VMn),aiming at expediting electron transfer,and thus enhancing energy storage performance.Both experimental and theoretical results disclose that the amplification of Mn–O–Mn bond angles exclusively augments the Mn(dx2-y2)-O(py)orbital overlap and triggers the electron redistribution in MnO2-VMn,inducing an augmented Mn dx2-y2 electron occupation.This heightened presence of active electrons in the Mn dx2-y2 orbital paves the way for accelerating electron transfer and ion transfer in MnO2-VMn.Notably,MnO2-VMn delivers an improved specific capacitance of 425 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a superior rate capacity of 265 F g−1 at 20 A g−1.Furthermore,an asymmetric supercapacitor(MnO2-VMn//AC ASC)was fabricated,exhibiting a high energy density of 64.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1000 W kg−1.Furthermore,theoretical insights uncover the profound implications of metal–oxygen–metal bond angle regulation on interatomic orbital overlap modulation.These revelations illuminate pathways for the design of advanced energy storage materials.

The voltage loss in organic solar cells

The power conversion efficiency(PCE)for donor-accepto bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells(OSCs)has reached~20%[1-3],approaching that for inorganic solar cells,due to the development of key photoactive materials[4-14].The short-circuit current density(Jsc)and the fill factor(FF)fo state-of-the-art OSCs are already close to the thermodynam ic upper limit predicted by Shockley-Queisser theory[15],but the open-circuit voltage(Voc)is low,limiting the overall per formance of OSCs.

基于RGB图像的冠层尺度水稻叶瘟病斑检测与抗性评估

针对依赖人工主观判断水稻叶瘟抗性费时费力且准确率低的问题,本文提出了一种基于水稻冠层尺度RGB图像和掩膜区域卷积神经网络(mask regions with convolutional neural network,Mask-RCNN)深度学习框架的水稻叶瘟病斑识别检测方法,通过分析水稻RGB图像中不同类别病斑的数量信息,构建多种分类模型来评估病斑数量和抗性水平之间的关联性。首先采集包括粳稻品系、早籼品系和籼型恢复系等不同品系的水稻育种材料的苗期RGB图像,然后通过对输入图像进行预处理和标记,最终建立了用于识别水稻叶瘟病斑的Mask-RCNN模型,实现了叶瘟病斑的矩形框检测、掩膜分割和分类,其平均交并比(mean intersection over union,mIoU)为0.603。当采用0.5的交并比(intersection over union,IoU)阈值时,测试数据集的病斑检测平均准确率均值(mean average precision,mAP)为0.716。在基于病斑数量的抗性评估模型中,高斯过程支持向量机在测试数据集上取得了94.30%的最高抗性评估准确率。研究结果表明,基于水稻冠层RGB图像和Mask-RCNN模型可实现水稻叶瘟病的准确识别,检测的病斑数量特征和叶瘟抗性水平高度相关。本研究为水稻抗病性品种的高效选育提供了技术支撑。

Design and construction of a multi-sensor position monitoring system applied to key components of synchrotron sources

High-accuracy position monitoring of key components is required for modern synchrotron sources,such as free-electron lasers and diffraction-limited storage rings.Although various position monitoring sensors have been adopted to monitor the displacement of key components in each direction in real time,these monitoring systems are usually based on their own coordinate system.Data from such systems are meaningful when evaluating and examining the data from each positioning monitoring system in a unified coordinate system.This paper presents the design and construction of a multi-sensor position monitoring system(MPMS).A hydrostatic levelling system,a wire position sensor(WPS) and a tiltmeter are fixed to a stainless steel plate that has been calibrated by a coordinate-measurement machine.Several plates form the MPMS.The system must compensate for the sag of the stretched wires so that the WPSs create a straight line.The method of the coordinate transformation from the sensor coordinate system to the MPMS coordinate system was thoroughly studied.An experimental MPMS that includes five plates was setup in a 20-m tunnel,and a validation study to verify fully the feasibility of the MPMS was performed.

The Changes in Guilin Paddy Soil Organic Matter and Rice Yield under Long-Term Fertilization

Rational fertilization is an important measure to increase crop yield and soil fertility. Through analysis,this paper aims to master the change characteristics of soil organic matter and rice yield under different fertilizer treatments,in order to provide an important reference for the sustainable use of soil and effective fertilization. Long-term( 19 years) rice crop rotation experiments in waterloggogenic paddy soil were conducted to investigate the change trend of crop grain yield and soil organic matter with time,reveal the dynamic characteristics and relationship between main fertility factors and crop yields using comparative analysis at three sites with conventional fertilization and non-fertilization in Guilin. The results showed that compared with previous years,the rice yield increased by 53% under the fertilization treatment and degreased by 66% under the control. Over the years,the average soil organic matter( SOM) content under fertilization treatment was 23% higher than under CK treatment. This indicates that chemical fertilizer and organic manure application can increase the rice yield and soil organic matter,and high rice yield can be attributed to the SOM increase.

High-efficiency separation and extraction of naphthenic acid from high acid oils using imidazolium carbonate ionic liquids

N-alkyl imidazolium carbonate ionic liquids were employed to separate and recover naphthenic acid from model oils.The effects of the cationic and anionic structures of ionic liquids and operating conditions on the deacidification performance were investigated.The deacidification performance of traditional organic solvents was also investigated for comparison.The results indicated that the naphthenic acid could be completely removed from the model oil with a small mass ratio of ionic liquid to oil.The extracted naphthenic acid was regenerated with a recovery of up to 92%.In addition,imidazolium carbonate ionic liquids could be successfully regenerated and recycled.The mechanism of interaction between imidazole ionic liquids and the naphthenic acid molecules were explained by Gauss calculation.

cd99l2基因调控斑马鱼白细胞组织间的迁移机制

白细胞在个体发育、组织再生、先天及适应性免疫过程中都发挥了重要作用,而白细胞迁移至感染或创伤区域是其发挥免疫应答功能的必要条件。CD99L2作为黏附分子在白细胞外渗过程中发挥了重要作用,但其是否参与白细胞组织间的迁移尚不明确。本研究通过TALEN技术敲除斑马鱼(Daniorerio)cd99l2基因,发现cd99l2基因缺失后并不影响斑马鱼正常发育。尾鳍损伤后,cd99l2基因突变体在创伤组织处募集的中性粒细胞与巨噬细胞数目显著减少,进一步研究发现mfap4在cd99l2基因突变体中表达显著降低,这可能是影响巨噬细胞向损伤组织处迁移的原因之一。通过标记血管内皮细胞与中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞的转基因斑马鱼品系,发现受精后60h野生型或突变体斑马鱼中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞通过组织间迁移至创伤组织处,表明cd99l2基因参与了白细胞在组织间的迁移。利用RNA-seq分析发现,cd99l2基因突变体中RNA转录、蛋白质折叠及p450通路等被富集。黏附分子调控转录过程及信号传递在以往研究中已被多次证实。据此,本研究推测Cd99l2作为黏附分子参与了白细胞迁移过程中的级联信号通路。综上所述,本研究通过对斑马鱼的研究,发现了cd99l2基因在白细胞迁移过程中新的作用,有望对炎症免疫异常相关疾病提供理论基础。

Coordinated Bayesian optimal approach for the integrated decision between electronic countermeasure and firepower attack

The coordinated Bayesian optimization algorithm(CBOA) is proposed according to the characteristics of the function independence,conformity and supplementary between the electronic countermeasure(ECM) and the firepower attack systems.The selection criteria are combinations of probabilities of individual fitness and coordinated degree and can select choiceness individual to construct Bayesian network that manifest population evolution by producing the new chromosome.Thus the CBOA cannot only guarantee the effective pattern coordinated decision-making mechanism between the populations,but also maintain the population multiplicity,and enhance the algorithm performance.The simulation result confirms the algorithm validity.

聚3-己基噻吩:非富勒烯太阳能电池中的量子效率损失和电压损失

聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)以其合成工艺简单、成本低廉的优势,成为有机光伏领域中最具吸引力的电子给体材料之一。然而,目前P3HT:非富勒烯太阳能电池的光伏性能仍然较差。在本工作中,我们证明了与P3HT:富勒烯太阳能电池相比,较快的电荷转移态的非辐射衰减速率(K_(nr))是导致P3HT:非富勒烯太阳能电池中较低的量子效率和较高的电压损失的原因。然后,我们研究了基于非富勒烯受体ZY-4Cl的太阳能电池的工作机理。研究结果表明与P3HT:非富勒烯体系相比,P3HT:ZY-4Cl中K_(nr)的降低改善了器件的量子效率,同时降低了电压损失。K_(nr)降低的原因可以部分归因于电荷转移态能量的增加。此外,给体分子和受体分子之间的距离(DA间距)的增大也是K_(nr)减少的重要原因。因此,我们得出结论:为了提高P3HT太阳能电池的性能,需进一步降低器件的K_(nr),这可通过增加活性层中的DA间距来实现。

Functional characterization of Bmcap in uric acid metabolism in the silkworm

After a millennium of domestication,numerous silkworm mutants have emerged that exhibit transparent epidermis,which is caused by abnormally low levels of uric acid.We identified the Bombyx mori gene Bmcap(BMSK0003832)as the homolog of cappuccino,a subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1(BLOC-1)that has been extensively characterized in human,mouse,and insect species,by analyzing the amino acid sequences of putative purine metabolism genes.Using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system,we disrupted Bmcap,resulting in decreased uric acid levels in the silkworm epidermis and a translucent skin phenotype.In the Bmcap mutant,the purine metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,and membrane system were altered compared to the wild type.Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex genes play a role in the pigmentation and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles(LROs)in platelets,melanocytes,and megakaryocytes.LROs exhibit unique morphologies and functions in various tissues and cells.Investigation of the Bmcap mutant will enhance our understanding of the uric acid metabolic pathway in silkworms,and this mutant offers a valuable silkworm model for LRO studies.

Multiomics analysis reveals metabolic subtypes and identifies diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKA) as a potential therapeutic target for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Background:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)is a highly heteroge-neous and lethal hepatobiliary tumor with few therapeutic strategies.The metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells plays an essential role in the develop-ment of tumors,while the metabolic molecular classification of iCCA is largely unknown.Here,we performed an integrated multiomics analysis and metabolic classification to depict differences in metabolic characteristics of iCCA patients,hoping to provide a novel perspective to understand and treat iCCA.Methods:We performed integrated multiomics analysis in 116 iCCA samples,including whole-exome sequencing,bulk RNA-sequencing and proteome anal-ysis.Based on the non-negative matrix factorization method and the protein abundance of metabolic genes in human genome-scale metabolic models,the metabolic subtype of iCCA was determined.Survival and prognostic gene analy-ses were used to compare overall survival(OS)differences between metabolic subtypes.Cell proliferation analysis,5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine(EdU)assay,colony formation assay,RNA-sequencing and Western blotting were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of diacylglycerol kinaseα(DGKA)in iCCA cells.Results:Three metabolic subtypes(S1-S3)with subtype-specific biomarkers of iCCA were identified.These metabolic subtypes presented with distinct prog-noses,metabolic features,immune microenvironments,and genetic alterations.The S2 subtype with the worst survival showed the activation of some special metabolic processes,immune-suppressed microenvironment and Kirsten ratsar-coma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)/AT-rich interactive domain 1A(ARID1A)mutations.Among the S2 subtype-specific upregulated proteins,DGKA was further identified as a potential drug target for iCCA,which promoted cell proliferation by enhancing phosphatidic acid(PA)metabolism and activating mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling.Conclusion:Viamultiomics analyses,we identified three metabolic subtypes of iCCA,revealing that the S2 subtype exhibited the poorest survival outcomes.We further identified DGKA as a potential target for the S2 subtype.

Improving the Initial Coulombic Efficiency of Carbonaceous Materials for Li/Na‑Ion Batteries:Origins,Solutions,and Perspectives

Carbonaceous materials for lithium(Li)/sodium(Na)-ion batteries have attracted significant attention because of their widespread availability,renewable nature,and low cost.During the past decades,although great efforts have been devoted to developing high-performance carbonaceous materials with high capacity,long life span,and excellent rate capability,the low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of high-capacity carbonaceous materials seriously limits their practical applications.Various methods have been successfully exploited,and a revolutionary impact has been achieved through the utilization of different techniques.Different carbonaceous materials possess different ion storage mechanisms,which means that the initial capacity loss may vary.However,there has rarely been a special review about the origins of and progress in the ICE for carbonaceous materials from the angle of the crystal structure.Hence,in this review,the structural differences between and ion storage mechanisms of various carbonaceous materials are first introduced.Then,we deduce the correlative factors of low ICE and thereafter summarize the proposed strategies to address these issues.Finally,some challenges,perspectives,and future directions on the ICE of carbonaceous materials are given.This review will provide deep insights into the challenges of improving the ICE of carbonaceous anodes for high-energy Li/Na-ion batteries,which will greatly contribute to their commercialization process.

Low temperature,non-halogen solvent processed single-component organic solar cells with 10%efficiency

A double-cable conjugated polymer DCPIC-BO is designed via introducing a long-branched alkyl chains 2-buthyloctyl into the acceptor side unit.Compared with the double-cable polymer(DCPIC-EH)with the 2-ethylhexyl alkyl chains,the solubility of the DCPIC-BO in non-halogen solvents is substantially improved.Therefore,a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 9.77%can be obtained by the devices processed from o-xylene at 40℃,while the DCPIC-EH cannot be processed due to its poor solubility under this condition.Moreover,PCEs of 10.10%for small-area(0.04 cm^(2))devices and nearly 9%for devices with an area of 1 cm^(2) are achieved using a non-halogenated solid additive in o-xylene,realizing the"absolutely halogen-free"OSC fabrication.

A Simple Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptor with a Power Conversion Efficiency over 16%

By simplifying the r-bridge unit,a nonfused ring electron acceptor(NFREA)BM-2F was designed and synthesized with several high-yield steps.The specific molecular structure features of BM-2F are planar molecular backbone and out-of-plane side chain,which is favorable for charge transport and can suppress the over-aggregation.BM-2F based neat and blend films display obvious face-on molecular orientation.Specially,D18:BM-2F based blend film can form good bicontinuous interpenetrating network.More excitingly,a power conversion efficiency of 16.15%was achieved with D18:BM-2F based photovoltaic devices,which is the highest one based on NFREAs.Our researches manifest that NFREA is a promising direction for low-cost and high-performance organic solar cells.

High-Efficiency and Low-Energy-Loss Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Tuning Conformations of Dimeric Electron Acceptors

Dimeric fused-ring electron acceptors(DFREAs)have attracted much attention due to the combined advantages of their monomeric and polymeric acceptors,including a well-defined molecular structure,excellent repeatability,and stable morphology.However,the additionally introduced single-bonds during dimerization may result in a twisted backbone of DFREAs,which is detrimental to intermolecular packing and charge transport.Herein,three DFREAs are designed and synthesized,in which DFREA conformations were systematically tuned via adjusting the intensities of intramolecular noncovalent interactions(INIs)to achieve high-performance organic solar cells(OSCs).Theoretical and experimental results show that the gradual introduction of S…F INIs can continuously improve molecular planarity and rigidity,resulting in reduced reorganization energies,ordered packing mode,and enhanced crystallization of DFREAs.Benefiting from the incorporation of fourfold S…F INIs,DYF-TF-based binary OSCs show a record high efficiency of 18.26%with an extremely low energy loss(0.493 eV)for DFREAbased OSCs.In addition,DYF-TF-based OSCs exhibited good long-term stability with a T_(80%)lifetime of 2681 h,and the power conversion efficiency of the DYF-TF-based ternary device is further enhanced to 18.73%.This contribution demonstrates the great potential of the INIs strategy in achieving excellent DFREAs materials.