The Introduction of Sichuan Cuisine into Xizang:Exchanges and Interactions between Han and Tibetan Food Cultures

Throughout history,the cross-regional mobility of the Han and Tibetan populations,exemplified by events such as Princess Wencheng's marriage into Xizang,monks'presentation of tributes to emperors,and the tea-horse trade,has facilitated the exchange of Han and Tibetan culinary traditions.During the Qing Dynasty(1636-1912),as the central government consolidated its control over Xizang,the culinary exchanges between China's inland areas and Xizang increased significantly.Notably,the introduction of Sichuan cuisine to Xizang coincided with the presence of the Sichuan army in the region.In the Republican era(1911-1949),Sichuan merchants took over from the Sichuan military as the primary agents spreading Sichuan cuisine in Xizang.Due to the concerted endeavors of the Sichuan army and merchants,by the end of the Qing Dynasty and throughout the Republican period,Han cuisine had not only become accessible for Tibetan nobility and religious elites,but had also started to commercialize for the general populace.Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China,and particularly after the reform and opening-up policy,the advancement of various sectors in Xizang and the influx of Sichuan immigrants have enabled Sichuan cuisine to be widely disseminated across all social classes in Xizang.The introduction of Sichuan cuisine has significantly influenced the staple food structure,ingredients,cooking techniques,and eating habits of Tibetan local food culture.It has also helped to harmonize taste preferences and dietary customs between Sichuan and Xizang,further enhancing the cross-regional dissemination and mutual appreciation of the food cultures of the Han and Tibetan people.

Analysis of intrinsic value and estimating losses of “blue carbon”in coastal wetlands:a case study of Yancheng, China

Introduction:Large stocks of“blue carbon”exist in the ecosystems of coastal wetlands.This paper presents a case study of the Chinese city of Yancheng.First,through field surveys and laboratory analysis,changes in the organic carbon(OC)content in typical plant communities throughout the study area are described in detail.Second,an OC burial rate and economic value model is constructed to analyze the composition of the carbon sink values.Outcomes/other:The results are as follows:Of the typical plant communities,Spartina alterniflora has the highest OC content(5.80 g·kg-1),followed by Suaeda glauca(4.78 g·kg-1)and Phragmites australis(3.76 g·kg-1);the contemporary OC sedimentation rates are 2.01,1.48,and 1.22 cm·yr-1,respectively.Spartina alterniflora communities have the highest annual average carbon sink value($418.74/ha)in the study area,followed by Phragmites australis($176.29/ha)and Suaeda glauca($101.54/ha).Discussion:As a result of both the expansion of the Spartina alterniflora area and coastal erosion,the total OC value since 1987 has displayed two-stage characteristics:it first increased and then decreased.Conclusion:In recent years,the annual average decline in OC value has ranged from approximately$82,100 to$123,100(reference:the Sweden carbon tax provided by the World Bank,130$/ton)

Analysis of the contributions of human factors and natural factors affecting the vegetation pattern in coastal wetlands

Introduction:Accurate identification of the dominant factors affecting coastal wetlands can provide a reference for vegetation rehabilitation.In this study,quantitative analysis was performed on the Yancheng coastal wetland using ANOVA and geostatistical methods.Outcomes/other:The results indicated that in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the coastline,the soil moisture and salinity in the study area exhibited relatively significant(p<0.05)spatial variability.Vegetation in the southern experimental zone was in a low-moisture,low-salinity ecological niche,whereas vegetation in the northern experimental zone was in a high-moisture,high-salinity ecological niche.Soil salinity exhibited higher spatial variability than soil moisture,and it was most correlated with unvegetated mudflats,followed by areas with Spartina alterniflora,Suaeda glauca,and Phragmites australis.Discussion:The fitting of the semivariogram showed that the nugget and sill of the ratio were relatively low(<25%)for soil moisture and salinity in the northern experimental zone and northern buffer zone,whereas these values were relatively high(>75%)for soil moisture and salinity in the southern experimental zone and southern buffer zone.Conclusion:Compared with the northern study area,the contribution of human disturbance to the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture and salinity in the southern study area is higher.