Primary Exploration of the Feasibility of Passive Houses in Korea and China

The transferability of European experiences with design,planning,construction and service of Passive-Houses to the specific conditions in China and Korea is investigated by the adaptation of the PassiveHouse principle to typical Korean and Chinese residential building,by the use of locally available building materials,components and building practices as well as under consideration of specific and typical ways of living in the two countries and cultures. The starting basis for the research is the analysis and evaluation of specific climate conditions,architecture,building practice as well as specific comfort criteria. The additional effort for the construction and service of Passive-Houses in Korea and China compared with typical contemporary residential buildings is investigated on the basis of a comparison of designs for Passive-Houses and for common buildings,including issues like the heating and cooling energy demand,heat and cool load as well as the required materials and components. The research results show that the described modifications of typical contemporary residential building constructions in China and Korea are realizable with locally available materials and feasible effort. They can reduce the energy demand for the service of domestic housing significantly and are in the range of European Passive Houses.

Hybrid gelatin/oxidized chondroitin sulfate hydrogels incorporating bioactive glass nanoparticles with enhanced mechanical properties, mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation

Biopolymer based hydrogels are characteristic of their biocompatibility and capability of mimicking extracellular matrix structure to support cellular behavior.However,these hydrogels suffer from low mechanical properties,uncontrolled degradation,and insufficient osteogenic activity,which limits their applications in bone regeneration.In this study,we developed hybrid gelatin(Gel)/oxidized chondroitin sulfate(OCS)hydrogels that incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles(MBGNs)as bioactive fillers for bone regeneration.Gel-OCS hydrogels could be self-crosslinked in situ under physiological conditions in the presence of borax.The incorporation of MBGNs enhanced the crosslinking and accelerated the gelation.The gelation time decreased with increasing the concentration of MBGNs added.Incorporation of MBGNs in the hydrogels significantly improved the mechanical properties in terms of enhanced storage modulus and compressive strength.The injectability of the hydrogels was not significantly affected by the MBGN incorporation.Also,the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and rat cranial defect restoration in vivo were significantly promoted by the hydrogels in the presence of MBGNs.The hybrid Gel-OCS/MBGN hydrogels show promising potential as injectable biomaterials or scaffolds for bone regeneration/repair applications given their tunable degradation and gelation behavior as well as favorable mechanical behavior and osteogenic activities.