Role of tumor associated macrophages in relapse of primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B cell lymphoma and their clinical significance

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the change in expression of the tumor associated macrophage (TAM) markers CD68 and CD206 and the clinicopathological parameters.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 28 PGI-DLBCL patients by immunohistochemical stainning. The surface expression of biomarkers CD68 and CD206 on TAMs in samples obtained at diagnosis was compared with that in specimens obtained at first relapse. Based on the change in expression levels of CD68 and CD206 from diagnosis to relapse, patients were categorized into three groups:'increased','stable' and'decreased'. Results: A significant difference was observed between the three groups with respect to CD68 and CD206 expressions (P=0.012) and there existed a consistency between the two (P=0.008). The three groups showed a negative correlation with age, sex, stage, B symptoms, diagnosis, ECOG performance status, and IPI scores, while a positive correlation was observed with the site of lesion of CD206 expression (P=0.032). The time to relapse (TTR) in the three groups of CD68 and CD206 was not significantly different (P=0.23,P=0.818).Conclusion: Our study suggests that increase in CD206 and decrease in CD68 expression at relapse indicates M1-TAM polarization into M2-TAM, which plays an important role in PGI-DLBCL relapse. Furthermore, M2-TAM polarization may be associated with the site of Primary gastric diffuse large B lymphoma.

CSO to Solve Optimal Demand for TOU Customers in Power Systems

The aim of this research is to study the optimal demand decision for the Taiwan Residents industries through CSO （cat swarm optimization） algorithm. The five formulations of optimal demand are developed to solve optimal contract capacity for TOU （time of use） customer. Results indicated that, the CSO algorithm is highly helpful to Taiwan Residents industries on the optimal demand decision. Also the CSO is superior to PSO （particle swarm optimization） in the fast convergence and better performance to find the global best solution in the same iterations.

Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Intestinal Diseases

Although irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) are clinically common diseases with unclear pathogenesis, both of them are related to the immune system. With progress in studies on their pathogenesis, the two diseases are currently believed to be associated with the presence of intestinal inflammation and intestinal mucosal immune disorder. In recent years, a new approach for the prevention and treatment of chronic intestinal disease is to protect the complete structure and normal immunity of the intestinal mucosal barrier during the treatment of intestinal diseases. However, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) may have more advantages in regulating the imbalance of the intestinal immune microenvironment, as various single herbs and compounds of TCM have been investigated from the perspective of immune regulation. The use of TCM is prevalent in China. The effectiveness of these therapies appears to be supported by preliminary evidence and clinical experience, although the mechanisms that underlie these effects will require further research. In this paper, with common chronic bowel diseases including IBS, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease as the research objects, the relationship between TCM and immunity was explored from the perspectives of the pathogenesis of intestinal mucosal immune injury, the correlation between TCM syndromes and immune disorders, and TCM immune regulation. Moreover, the problems and limitations of the present study were pointed out, and several suggestions were proposed. The purpose of this article is to explore the potential mechanism of TCM on intestinal mucosal immunity in chronic intestinal diseases.

Preventing autosomal-dominant hearing loss in Bth mice with CRISPR/CasRx-based RNA editing

CRISPR/RfxCas13d(CasRx)editing system can specifically and precisely cleave single-strand RNAs,which is a promising treatment for various disorders by downregulation of related gene expression.Here,we tested this RNA-editing approach on Beethoven(Bth)mice,an animal model for human DFNA36 due to a point mutation in Tmc1.We first screened 30 sgRNAs in cell cultures and found that CasRx with sgRNA3 reduced the Tmc1^(Bth)transcript by 90.8%,and the Tmc1 wild type transcript(Tmc1^(+))by 44.3%.We then injected a newly developed AAV vector(AAV-PHP.eB)based CasRx into the inner ears of neonatal Bth mice,and we found that Tmc1^(Bth)was reduced by 70.2%in 2 weeks with few off-target effects in the whole transcriptome.Consistently,we found improved hair cell survival,rescued hair bundle degeneration,and reduced mechanoelectrical transduction current.Importantly,the hearing performance,measured in both ABR and DPOAE thresholds,was improved significantly in all ages over 8 weeks.We,therefore,have validated the CRISPR/CasRx-based RNA editing strategy in treating autosomal-dominant hearing loss,paving way for its further application in many other hereditary diseases in hearing and beyond.