声学三维量子霍尔态的观测

Quantum Hall effect,the quantized transport phenomenon of electrons under strong magnetic fields,remains one of the hottest research topics in condensed matter physics since its discovery in 2D electronic systems.Recently,as a great advance in the research of quantum Hall effects,the quantum Hall effect in 3D systems,despite its big challenge,has been achieved in the bulk ZrTe_(5)and Cd_(3)As_(2)materials.Interestingly,Cd_(3)As_(2)is a Weyl semimetal,and quantum Hall effect is hosted by the Fermi arc states on opposite surfaces via the Weyl nodes of the bulk,and induced by the unique edge states on the boundaries of the opposite surfaces.However,such intriguing edge state distribution has not yet been experimentally observed.Here,we aim to reveal experimentally the unusual edge states of Fermi arcs in acoustic Weyl system with the aid of pseudo-magnetic field.Benefiting from the macroscopic nature of acoustic crystals,the pseudo-magnetic field is introduced by elaborately designed the gradient onsite energy,and the edge states of Fermi arcs on the boundaries of the opposite surfaces are unambiguously demonstrated in experiments.Our system serves as an ideal and highly tunable platform to explore the Hall physics in 3D system,and has the potential in the application of new acoustic devices.

Brillouin Klein space and half-turn space in three-dimensional acoustic crystals

The Bloch band theory and Brillouin zone(BZ)that characterize wave-like behaviors in periodic mediums are two cornerstones of contemporary physics,ranging from condensed matter to topological physics.Recent theoretical breakthrough revealed that,under the projective symmetry algebra enforced by artificial gauge fields,the usual two-dimensional(2D)BZ(orientable Brillouin two-torus)can be fundamentally modified to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein bottle with radically distinct manifold topology.However,the physical consequence of artificial gauge fields on the more general three-dimensional(3D)BZ(orientable Brillouin three-torus)was so far missing.Here,we theoretically discovered and experimentally observed that the fundamental domain and topology of the usual 3D BZ can be reduced to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein space or an orientable Brillouin half-turn space in a 3D acoustic crystal with artificial gauge fields.We experimentally identify peculiar 3D momentum-space non-symmorphic screw rotation and glide reflection symmetries in the measured band structures.Moreover,we experimentally demonstrate a novel stacked weak Klein bottle insulator featuring a nonzero Z2 topological invariant and self-collimated topological surface states at two opposite surfaces related by a nonlocal twist,radically distinct from all previous 3D topological insulators.Our discovery not only fundamentally modifies the fundamental domain and topology of 3D BZ,but also opens the door towards a wealth of previously overlooked momentum-space multidimensional manifold topologies and novel gaugesymmetry-enriched topological physics and robust acoustic wave manipulations beyond the existing paradigms.

基于万尼尔构型观测声学拓扑角模式反常

万尼尔构型旨在描述万尼尔函数在实空间上的局域位置及其携带的电荷信息,这一物理概念的提出为刻画天然及人工晶体结构中的波函数提供了全新的视角.在二维高阶拓扑绝缘体中,万尼尔构型中的分数化电荷可以作为一种内禀的拓扑不变量来表征湮灭在体连续谱中的角模式.本文报告了一项基于测量谱电荷分布观测声学体系中万尼尔构型的实验研究.作者在构建的声子晶体中测得了表现为分数化谱电荷的拓扑角模式反常,这种模式反常可以作为一种易于观测的实空间拓扑指标对湮灭在体态中的拓扑角模式进行先验判别.在此基础上,通过将不同的万尼尔构型按照多种方式进行组合,将原本湮没在体连续谱中的角模式调制至带隙中.在组合后的声子晶体中,平庸相和非平庸相结构均可以作为包覆层,从而为在带隙中构造和调控拓扑角模式提供了一种新思路.该研究有望应用于设计高品质因子声谐振腔、声通信以及传感增强等领域.

Acoustic higher-order topology derived from first-order with built-in Zeeman-like fields

Higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),with topological corner or hinge states,have emerged as a thriving topic in the field of topological physics.However,few connections have been found for HOTIs with well-explored first-order topological insulators.Recently a proposal asserted that a significant bridge can be established between the HOTIs and Z2 topological insulators.When subjected to an inplane Zeeman field,corner states,the signature of the HOTIs,can be induced in a Z2 topological insulator.Such Zeeman fields can be produced,for example,by the ferromagnetic proximity effect or magnetic atom doping,which drastically increases the experimental complexity.Here,we show that a phononic crystal,designed as a bilayer of coupled acoustic cavities,exactly hosts the Kane-Mele model with built-in in-plane Zeeman fields.The helical edge states along the zigzag edges are gapped,and the corner states,localized spatially at the corners of the samples,appear in the gap.This verifies the Zeeman field induced higher-order topology.We further demonstrate the intriguing contrast properties of the corner states at the outer and inner corners in a hexagonal ring-shaped sample.

Symmetry-enforced three-dimensional Dirac phononic crystals

Dirac semimetals,the materials featuring fourfold degenerate Dirac points,are critical states of topologically distinct phases.Such gapless topological states have been accomplished by a band-inversion mechanism,in which the Dirac points can be annihilated pairwise by perturbations without changing the symmetry of the system.Here,we report an experimental observation of Dirac points that are enforced completely by the crystal symmetry using a nonsymmorphic three-dimensional phononic crystal.Intriguingly,our Dirac phononic crystal hosts four spiral topological surface states,in which the surface states of opposite helicities intersect gaplessly along certain momentum lines,as confirmed by additional surface measurements.The novel Dirac system may release new opportunities for studying elusive(pseudo)and offer a unique prototype platform for acoustic applications.

Dirac points and the transition towards Weyl points in three-dimensional sonic crystals

A four-fold-degenerate three-dimensional(3D)Dirac point,represents a degenerate pair of Weyl points carrying opposite chiralities.Moreover,3D Dirac crystals have shown many exotic features different from those of Weyl crystals.How these features evolve from 3D Dirac to Weyl crystals is important in research on 3D topological matter.Here,we realized a pair of 3D acoustic Dirac points from band inversion in a hexagonal sonic crystal and observed the surface states and helical interface states connecting the Dirac points.Furthermore,each Dirac point can transition into a pair of Weyl points with the introduction of chiral hopping.The exotic features of the surface states and interface states are inherited by the resulting Weyl crystal.Our work may serve as an ideal platform for exploring exotic physical phenomena in 3D topological semimetals.

Acoustic spin-1 Weyl semimetal

The study of topological semimetals hosting spin-1 Weyl points(WPs)beyond Dirac points and WPs has attracted a great deal of attention.However,a spin-1 Weyl semimetal that exclusively possesses spin-1 WPs in a clean frequency window without being shadowed by any other nodal points is yet to be discovered.This study reports a spin-1 Weyl semimetal in a phononic crystal.Its spin-1 WPs are touched by two linear dispersions and an additional flat band and carry monopole charges(-2,0,2)or(2,0,-2)for the three bands from the bottom to the top.They result in double Fermi arcs,which occur between the first and second bands,as well as between the second and third bands.Further robust propagation is observed against the multiple joints and topological negative refraction of the acoustic surface arc wave.The results of this study create the basis for the exploration of the unusual properties of spin-1 Weyl physics on a macroscopic scale.