Association of previously irradiated stable brain metastases with outcomes of atezolizumab-treated non-small cell lung cancer: A pooled analysis of individual patient data from three randomized trials

Dear Editor:Brain metastasis(BM)has long been recognized as a prognostic factor associated with poor prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in the era of con-ventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy[1].In the era of immunotherapy,controversial findings have been reported regarding the prognostic significance of BM in patients with NSCLC treated with programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)inhibitors.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors with BRAF mutations

The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signaling pathway,which promotes cell proliferation,inhibits cell apoptosis,and ultimately contributes to the occurrence and development of cancer.BRAF mutations are widely present in various cancers,including malignant melanoma,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,and hairy cell leukemia,among others.BRAF is an important target for the treatment of various solid tumors,and targeted combination therapies,represented by BRAF inhibitors,have become one of the main treatment modalities for a variety of BRAF-mutation-positive solid tumors.