Effect of carbon dioxide on oxy-fuel combustion of hydrogen sulfide:An experimental and kinetic modeling

CO_(2) is an important component in the acid gas and it is necessary to study the effect of CO_(2) presence on the oxy-fuel combustion of H_(2)S with particular focus on the formation of carbonyl sulfide(COS).The oxyfuel combustion of acid gas was conducted in a coaxial jet double channel burner.The distribution of flame temperature and products under stoichiometric condition along axial(R=0.0)and radial at about 3.0 mm(R=0.75)were analyzed,respectively.The Chemkin-Pro software was used to analyze the rate of production(ROP)for gas products and the reaction pathway of acid gas combustion.Both experimental and simulation results showed that acid gas combustion experienced the H2S chemical decomposition,H_(2)S oxidation and accompanied by H_(2) oxidation.The CO_(2) presence reduced the peak flame temperature and triggered the formation of COS in the flame area.COS formation at R=0.0 was mainly through the reaction of CO_(2) and CO with sulfur species,whereas at R=0.75 it was through the reaction of CO with sulfur species.The ROP results indicated that H_(2) was mainly from H_(2)O decomposition in the H_(2)S oxidation stage,and COS was formed by the reaction of CO_(2) with H_(2)S.ROP and other detailed analysis further revealed the role of H,OH and SH radicals in each stage of H_(2)S conversion.This study revealed the COS formation mechanisms with CO_(2) presence in the oxy-fuel combustion of H_(2)S and could offer important insights for pollutant control.

Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanospheres-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Outstanding Photocatalytic Activity

Metals and metal oxides are widely used as photo/electro-catalysts for environmental remediation.However,there are many issues related to these metal-based catalysts for practical applications,such as high cost and detrimental environmental impact due to metal leaching.Carbon-based catalysts have the potential to overcome these limitations.In this study,monodisperse nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres(NCs)were synthesized and loaded onto graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4,GCN)via a facile hydrothermal method for photocatalytic removal of sulfachloropyridazine(SCP).The prepared metal-free GCN-NC exhibited remarkably enhanced efficiency in SCP degradation.The nitrogen content in NC critically influences the physicochemical properties and performances of the resultant hybrids.The optimum nitrogen doping concentration was identified at 6.0 wt%.The SCP removal rates can be improved by a factor of 4.7 and 3.2,under UV and visible lights,by the GCN-NC composite due to the enhanced charge mobility and visible light harvesting.The mechanism of the improved photocatalytic performance and band structure alternation were further investigated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The DFT results confirm the high capability of the GCN-NC hybrids to activate the electron–hole pairs by reducing the band gap energy and efficiently separating electron/hole pairs.Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals are subsequently produced,leading to the efficient SCP removal.

Robust online temperature estimation of a membrane-wall gasifier

The gasifier temperature is a key parameter in the operation of a slag-tapping entrained-flow gasifier.However,there is no effective method for measuring the operating temperature of a membrane-wall-lined gasifier.In this study,a novel robust method for estimation of the online temperature was developed for a membrane-wall gasifier and applied in an industrial SE gasifier.The industrial test results show that the method can estimate the gasifier temperature within 0.04 s,and its value can be reliably obtained.Based on the combination of bench-scale gasifier validation,commercial-scale gasifier operation experience,and the comparison of different simulation methods,the proposed method is accurate and reliable for measuring the operating temperature of a membrane-wall-lined gasifier.

气相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定美白化妆品中5种酚类物质

建立了同时测定化妆品中苯酚、氢醌、间苯二酚、4-丁基间苯二酚和苯乙基间苯二酚5种酚类物质的气相色谱-质谱/质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品在0.03 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液中超声提取,经HLB固相萃取小柱净化后,过0.22μm有机滤膜,采用GC-MS/MS分析。选择SH-Rtx-1701(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)色谱柱分离,采用EI离子源电离、MRM采集模式,外标法定量。结果表明,5种酚类物质在10 min内完成色谱分离,检出限和定量限分别为1.5~3.0μg/L和5.0~10.0μg/L,5种酚类物质在5~200μg/L范围线性良好,相关系数均大于0.9994,以阴性样品为基质,在不同添加水平下,5种酚类物质的平均回收率为73.5%~111.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在1.0%~11.1%之间。本方法分析时间短,灵敏度好,准确性高、操作方便、净化效果好,可同时测定化妆品中5种酚类物质。

Influence of syngas components and ash particles on the radiative heat transfer in a radiant syngas cooler

Radiant syngas cooler(RSC)is widely used as a waste heat recovery equipment in industrial gasification.In this work,an RSC with radiation screens is established and the impact of gaseous radiative property models,gas components,and ash particles on heat transfer is investigated by the numerical simulation method.Considering the syngas components and the pressure environment of the RSC,a modified weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model was developed.The modified model shows high accuracy in validation.In computational fluid dynamics simulation,the calculated steam production is only 0.63%in error with the industrial data.Compared with Smith's model,the temperature decay along the axial direction calculated by the modified model is faster.Syngas components are of great significance to heat recovery capacity,especially when the absorbing gas fraction is less than 10%.After considering the influence of particles,the outlet temperature and the proportion of radiative heat transfer are less affected,but the difference in steam output reaches 2.7 t·h^(-1).The particle deposition on the wall greatly reduces the heat recovery performance of an RSC.