Replanting is always required for banana farmers. Selecting growth retardants is important for banana seedling companies. Stem apex contained many gibberellins. Seven treatments were performed onto stem apex of banana...Replanting is always required for banana farmers. Selecting growth retardants is important for banana seedling companies. Stem apex contained many gibberellins. Seven treatments were performed onto stem apex of banana seedlings in this research. Results showed that heights of seedlings sprayed with paclobutrazol (200 mg/L), dniconazole (200 mg/L), and dniconazole + brassins (200 mg/L + 0.1 mg/L) were significantly lower than those of seedlings sprayed with water. Paclobutrazol was the ideal retardant for delaying the growth of leaf if stem apex was selected as a treated candidate. Fresh weights of seedlings of all seven treatments were significantly less than that of control. For delaying the growth of fresh weight of banana seedlings, chlormequat chloride (200 mg/L) was the best choice. Reducing power of roots of seedlings treated with 100 ml of paclobutrazol (200 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of seedling treated with water. Chlorophyll contents of seedlings treated with growth retardants were significantly higher than that of seedlings treated with water.展开更多
Getting embryogenic callus is the first step for banana transformation. Enhancing embryonic-callus-rate is important for banana molecular breeding. In this paper, WIND1, an AP2/ERF transcription factor was added into ...Getting embryogenic callus is the first step for banana transformation. Enhancing embryonic-callus-rate is important for banana molecular breeding. In this paper, WIND1, an AP2/ERF transcription factor was added into the embryonic-callus-inducing medium with poly-Arg and nuclear localization signal (NLS). The embryogenic-callus-induced rate of the immature male florescence cultured on the media containing the recombinant protein Arg9-NLS-WIND1 was significantly higher than that of the immature male florescence cultured on the control media. Medium containing 0.01% of the protein Arg9-NLS-WIND1 had the best effect for inducing the embryogenesis of the immature male inflorescence. On the medium containing 0.01% of the protein Arg9-NLS-WIND1, 11.5% of the immature male flowers can develop embryonic callus. On the medium containing Arg9-NLS-WIND1, the protein might be transferred into cytoplasm of the explants by endocytosis due to the interaction between the poly-Arg transduction domain and the plasma membrane. After it entered the nucleus guided by NLS and bind with the target DNA domain, the somatic cell embryogenesis reactions were initiated and the embryonic callus formed.展开更多
Banana is an important fruit in China. Banana production played important role in economic development in tropical region. Banana production in China was always cut because of lodging caused by typhoon. Getting new cu...Banana is an important fruit in China. Banana production played important role in economic development in tropical region. Banana production in China was always cut because of lodging caused by typhoon. Getting new cultivars with high resistance to lodging is the basic resolution to resolve this problem. Screening and identifying the germ plasm resource is the first step to breed new cultivars. Banana plant height was high. A single banana plant needs large area. It is difficult to screen the germ plasm resource by identifying the physical strength of banana pseudostem. This research focused on studying the relationship between pseudostem and plant height, pseudostem diameter, acid soluble lignin, acid insoluble lignin, total lignin, pore numbers of pseudostem cross section, and the expression of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL). Results showed that the plant with high physical strength in seedling stage always has high physical strength in mature stage. The physical strength of banana seedling pseudostem was closely related to pseudostem diameter and total lignin. Pseudostem diameter and total lignin can be used to predict the physical strength of mature banana pseudostem. Work on identifying and screening the physical strength of banana germ plasm pseudostem can be reduced by measuring seedling pseudostem diameter and total lignin in pseudostem of banana germplasm.展开更多
Banana industry plays important roles in the economics of southern China, where is always blown by typhoon in summer and autumn. After typhoon passed through, fresh banana seedlings are often required. That is a probl...Banana industry plays important roles in the economics of southern China, where is always blown by typhoon in summer and autumn. After typhoon passed through, fresh banana seedlings are often required. That is a problem for companies on culturing banana seedling, since culturing banana seedlings takes about four months and typhoon cannot be predicted so early. If the growth of banana seedlings can be slowed down and the seedlings can be cultured in nursery shed for more time, this problem will be solved. In this research, seven treatments (paclobutrazol, diniconazole, paclobutrazol + brassins, paclobutrazol + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, diniconazole + brassins, diniconazole + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, chlormequat chloride) were performed on banana seedlings and the growth was measured. Results showed that in all of the treatments, the values of plant height, leaf length, pseudostem diameters, root length, root weight, root volume, fresh weight of above-ground tissues and fresh weight of seedlings were significantly less than those corresponding values of control. The reducing powers of roots of seedlings sprayed with paclobutrazol and paclobutrazol + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate were remarkably higher than those of seedlings treated with water. Total chlorophyll content in leaves of seedlings sprayed with paclobutrazol was remarkably higher than that of seedlings treated with water. Total chlorophyll contents in leaves of seedlings treated with paclobutrazol + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and chlormequat chloride were lower than those of control. For delaying the growth of banana seedlings, chlormequat chloride was the best among the seven treatments. The mechanism might be that the enzyme CPP-synthase in seedlings was inhibited by chlormequat chloride.展开更多
Banana industry played important roles in Chinese economics. Banana production was always affected heavily by typhoon. Selecting new cultivars with high strength was the basic way to resolve this problem. If the selec...Banana industry played important roles in Chinese economics. Banana production was always affected heavily by typhoon. Selecting new cultivars with high strength was the basic way to resolve this problem. If the selecting work was performed at mature stage, it will need large area and much labor. If this work can be done at seedling stage, this process will be simplified significantly. We found that banana plants that had high strength at seedling stage always had high strength at mature stage. The physical strength of seedling pseudostem was closely related with pseudostem diameter, lignin content and the expression of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase gene Mu4CL15. Those seedlings whose pseudostem had bigger diameter, more lignin content and higher expression of Mu4CL15 always had higher strength to resist lodging. Through screening plants whose pseudostem had bigger diameter, more lignin content and higher expression of Mu4CL15, plants with high-strength pseudostem can be selected. Using this method, thousands of seedlings can be identified in short time. This process does not need large area and much labor. If this method was applied, the process of breeding new cultivars of banana with high resistance to lodging will be accelerated.展开更多
Problem: Removing mercury from polluted soil using transgenic plants is an ideal method. However, where mercury was stored in plant cell is not clear until now. Methods: Differential centrifugation and laser scanning ...Problem: Removing mercury from polluted soil using transgenic plants is an ideal method. However, where mercury was stored in plant cell is not clear until now. Methods: Differential centrifugation and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used in this study. Results and findings: Results showed that after mercury was absorbed by tobacco plants, most of the mercury accumulated in roots. Mercury content in root was significantly higher than that in shoot. In the seedlings cultured in MS liquid medium containing 5 μmol/L mercuric chloride, the mercury content in cell wall was 6.6 μg/g. The mercury content in cell membrane fraction was 2.1 μg/g. The mercury content in supernatant fraction was 35.1 μg/g. Most of the mercury accumulated in roots located in liquid fraction, about 15% of the mercury was attached by cell wall. Only a small part assembled in cell membrane. Most of the mercury in liquid fraction located in vacuole. This suggested that after the mercury was accumulated in plant root, most of the mercury was transferred into vacuole. There was no important cellular organ in vacuole. The toxicity of mercury in vacuole will be much lower than that in cell membrane or cellular organs. Recommendation: These results suggested that much work should be focused on how to transfer the mercury in vacuole into the above-ground tissues of the plants in the future.展开更多
文摘Replanting is always required for banana farmers. Selecting growth retardants is important for banana seedling companies. Stem apex contained many gibberellins. Seven treatments were performed onto stem apex of banana seedlings in this research. Results showed that heights of seedlings sprayed with paclobutrazol (200 mg/L), dniconazole (200 mg/L), and dniconazole + brassins (200 mg/L + 0.1 mg/L) were significantly lower than those of seedlings sprayed with water. Paclobutrazol was the ideal retardant for delaying the growth of leaf if stem apex was selected as a treated candidate. Fresh weights of seedlings of all seven treatments were significantly less than that of control. For delaying the growth of fresh weight of banana seedlings, chlormequat chloride (200 mg/L) was the best choice. Reducing power of roots of seedlings treated with 100 ml of paclobutrazol (200 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of seedling treated with water. Chlorophyll contents of seedlings treated with growth retardants were significantly higher than that of seedlings treated with water.
文摘Getting embryogenic callus is the first step for banana transformation. Enhancing embryonic-callus-rate is important for banana molecular breeding. In this paper, WIND1, an AP2/ERF transcription factor was added into the embryonic-callus-inducing medium with poly-Arg and nuclear localization signal (NLS). The embryogenic-callus-induced rate of the immature male florescence cultured on the media containing the recombinant protein Arg9-NLS-WIND1 was significantly higher than that of the immature male florescence cultured on the control media. Medium containing 0.01% of the protein Arg9-NLS-WIND1 had the best effect for inducing the embryogenesis of the immature male inflorescence. On the medium containing 0.01% of the protein Arg9-NLS-WIND1, 11.5% of the immature male flowers can develop embryonic callus. On the medium containing Arg9-NLS-WIND1, the protein might be transferred into cytoplasm of the explants by endocytosis due to the interaction between the poly-Arg transduction domain and the plasma membrane. After it entered the nucleus guided by NLS and bind with the target DNA domain, the somatic cell embryogenesis reactions were initiated and the embryonic callus formed.
文摘Banana is an important fruit in China. Banana production played important role in economic development in tropical region. Banana production in China was always cut because of lodging caused by typhoon. Getting new cultivars with high resistance to lodging is the basic resolution to resolve this problem. Screening and identifying the germ plasm resource is the first step to breed new cultivars. Banana plant height was high. A single banana plant needs large area. It is difficult to screen the germ plasm resource by identifying the physical strength of banana pseudostem. This research focused on studying the relationship between pseudostem and plant height, pseudostem diameter, acid soluble lignin, acid insoluble lignin, total lignin, pore numbers of pseudostem cross section, and the expression of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL). Results showed that the plant with high physical strength in seedling stage always has high physical strength in mature stage. The physical strength of banana seedling pseudostem was closely related to pseudostem diameter and total lignin. Pseudostem diameter and total lignin can be used to predict the physical strength of mature banana pseudostem. Work on identifying and screening the physical strength of banana germ plasm pseudostem can be reduced by measuring seedling pseudostem diameter and total lignin in pseudostem of banana germplasm.
文摘Banana industry plays important roles in the economics of southern China, where is always blown by typhoon in summer and autumn. After typhoon passed through, fresh banana seedlings are often required. That is a problem for companies on culturing banana seedling, since culturing banana seedlings takes about four months and typhoon cannot be predicted so early. If the growth of banana seedlings can be slowed down and the seedlings can be cultured in nursery shed for more time, this problem will be solved. In this research, seven treatments (paclobutrazol, diniconazole, paclobutrazol + brassins, paclobutrazol + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, diniconazole + brassins, diniconazole + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, chlormequat chloride) were performed on banana seedlings and the growth was measured. Results showed that in all of the treatments, the values of plant height, leaf length, pseudostem diameters, root length, root weight, root volume, fresh weight of above-ground tissues and fresh weight of seedlings were significantly less than those corresponding values of control. The reducing powers of roots of seedlings sprayed with paclobutrazol and paclobutrazol + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate were remarkably higher than those of seedlings treated with water. Total chlorophyll content in leaves of seedlings sprayed with paclobutrazol was remarkably higher than that of seedlings treated with water. Total chlorophyll contents in leaves of seedlings treated with paclobutrazol + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and chlormequat chloride were lower than those of control. For delaying the growth of banana seedlings, chlormequat chloride was the best among the seven treatments. The mechanism might be that the enzyme CPP-synthase in seedlings was inhibited by chlormequat chloride.
文摘Banana industry played important roles in Chinese economics. Banana production was always affected heavily by typhoon. Selecting new cultivars with high strength was the basic way to resolve this problem. If the selecting work was performed at mature stage, it will need large area and much labor. If this work can be done at seedling stage, this process will be simplified significantly. We found that banana plants that had high strength at seedling stage always had high strength at mature stage. The physical strength of seedling pseudostem was closely related with pseudostem diameter, lignin content and the expression of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase gene Mu4CL15. Those seedlings whose pseudostem had bigger diameter, more lignin content and higher expression of Mu4CL15 always had higher strength to resist lodging. Through screening plants whose pseudostem had bigger diameter, more lignin content and higher expression of Mu4CL15, plants with high-strength pseudostem can be selected. Using this method, thousands of seedlings can be identified in short time. This process does not need large area and much labor. If this method was applied, the process of breeding new cultivars of banana with high resistance to lodging will be accelerated.
文摘Problem: Removing mercury from polluted soil using transgenic plants is an ideal method. However, where mercury was stored in plant cell is not clear until now. Methods: Differential centrifugation and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used in this study. Results and findings: Results showed that after mercury was absorbed by tobacco plants, most of the mercury accumulated in roots. Mercury content in root was significantly higher than that in shoot. In the seedlings cultured in MS liquid medium containing 5 μmol/L mercuric chloride, the mercury content in cell wall was 6.6 μg/g. The mercury content in cell membrane fraction was 2.1 μg/g. The mercury content in supernatant fraction was 35.1 μg/g. Most of the mercury accumulated in roots located in liquid fraction, about 15% of the mercury was attached by cell wall. Only a small part assembled in cell membrane. Most of the mercury in liquid fraction located in vacuole. This suggested that after the mercury was accumulated in plant root, most of the mercury was transferred into vacuole. There was no important cellular organ in vacuole. The toxicity of mercury in vacuole will be much lower than that in cell membrane or cellular organs. Recommendation: These results suggested that much work should be focused on how to transfer the mercury in vacuole into the above-ground tissues of the plants in the future.
