First Report of Marginal Scorch Infecting Indigowoad Root in China

During 2015, marginal scorch symptoms were detected in the production base of indigowoad rootin Hubei, China. On the basis of morphological features and 18S rDNA sequences, the pathogen was identified as Cladosporium sp. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by pathogenicity tests on potted indigowoad root seedlings. To our knowledge, this report is the first of marginal scorch on indigowoad root caused by Cladosporium sp. We propose the name “marginal scorch” for the new disease.

Genetic Relationships of Soft Rot Bacteria Isolated from Konjac in China by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and 16S rDNA Gene Sequences

Twenty-three isolates of soft rot bacteria from konjac corms were examined for their diversity using 16S rDNAs and AFLP technology. Both methods clustered two groups, dependent on their biotype characterization of Pectobacterium carotovora subsp. carotovora (P.c.c) and Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (P.ch), respectively. Of all isolates, 17 (73.9%) belonged to P. ch, indicated as the main pathogenic bacteria of konjac producing areas in China. The genetic variation among isolates from the same biotype was also rich, not consistent with the distances of the geographic sources.

Constitutive and Secretory Expression of the AiiA in Pichia pastoris Inhibits Amorphophallus konjac Soft Rot Disease

Amorphophallus konjac is an important economic crop widely cultivated in Southeast Asia and Africa. However, A. konjac is seriously infected by soft rot pathogen. The endocellular acyl homoserine lactonase (AiiA) which is generated by Bacillus species has inhibitory effect on soft rot pathogen through disrupting the signal molecules (N-acylhomoserine lactones, AHL) of their Quorum Sensing system. The aim of our study is to obtain recombinant yeast which produces AiiA protein. The recombinant yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 was constructed to constitutive expression of the AiiA gene. The results of reverse transcript PCR analysis showed that the AiiA gene was expressed successfully in the yeast. Proteins extracted from YPDS showed the highest inhibition efficacy to E. carotovora compared with the other two mediums (YPD and LB) under tested conditions.

Highly-efficient Stereo-cultivation Model in Kiwifruit Orchards Interplanting Konjak

The kiwifruit orchards with plants growing for over two years were chosen for interplanting of konjak, which takes advantages of complementation of the two plants in terms of habits, reducing water and soil erosions effectively, and decreasing water evaporation, and konjak diseases. Furthermore, the interplanting doubles planting benefits and constitutes a highly-efficient planting model.

Advances in Research on the Effects of Calcium on Vegetable Quality and Human Health

Calcium is an important element that affects vegetable quality and human health.In this paper,the basic nutrition and functions of calcium,the effects of calcium deficiency on vegetable growth and human health,the effect of calcium supply on vegetable quality and the outlook for calcium-rich vegetables were overviewed,aiming at providing guidance for the cultivation of high-quality calcium-rich vegetables.

Analysis on Nutritional and Functional Components of Different Pueraria lobata Roots

This paper made analysis and evaluation of nutritional components and functional components of different Pueraria lobata roots. Nutritional components mainly include water,ash content,fat,reducing sugar,starch and cellulose; functional components mainly include flavone and polyphenol. Pueraria lobata root No. 1 has highest ash content,flavone,and polyphenol but lowest fat,so it is suitable for using as medical Pueraria lobata root resource. Pueraria lobata root No. 5 has starch content as high as 64. 43%,and is recommended using as vegetable and processing into Pueraria lobata powder. Pueraria lobata root No. 5 has cellulose content as high as 17. 79% and is recommended processing into Pueraria lobata tablets. Through comparison of nutritional and functional components of different Pueraria lobata roots,it is intended to provide reference for variety selection,breeding,production and processing of Pueraria lobata roots.

The Main Evaluation Indicators for the Quality of Fruit Radish

The aim of this study was to establish a scientific evaluation system for fruit radish quality. 8 quality indicators were measured for23 varieties,such as Meinong,Qiaotouqing and Chunbulao. The indicators included root weight,root shape index,water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate and vitamin C. These data were analyzed by variation correlation analysis,principal component analysis and system cluster analysis. 23 varieties of fruit radish were analyzed by variation correlation; 8 indicators were compressed into 6 integrated variables using principal component analysis. Finally,the main evaluation indicators of fruit radish were determined by using cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that the range of variation coefficient was from 1. 64%-89. 99%. Water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate were the important components of fruit radish quality,playing a major role in the quality. These 8indicators were closely related and relatively independent. Water content was significantly and positively correlated with crispness; soluble solids and crude fiber were significantly and negatively related to vitamin C; crispness was significantly and positively correlated with crude fiber and vitamin C. Based on the above results,4 representative indicators were used for evaluating fruit radish quality,that is water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,which could reflect the most information of fruit radish quality.

Identification and Analysis of Components of Glucosinolates in Succulent Roots and Leaves of Fruity Radish (Raphanus sativas L.)

The components of glucosinolates( GSL) in the succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish( Xinlimei,Super Zhengyan,and Shawo) were identified and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC). Results showed that there were nine kinds of glucosinolates in the succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish,including six kinds of aliphatic glucosinolates( 4-methyl sulfinyl-3-butenyl glucosinolates,2-allyl glucosinolates,4-methyl sulfinyl butyl glucosinolates,5-methyl sulfinyl amyl glucosinolates,4-methyl n-butyl glucosinolates,4-methyl thio-3-butenyl glucosinolates) and three kinds of indole glucosinolates( 4-methoxy methyl indole glucosinolates,3-methyl indole glucosinolates,1-methoxy methyl indole glucosinolates),but there were significant differences in the content of glucosinolates between different varieties and organs. The total content of glucosinolates in succulent roots of three kinds of fruity radish was22 472. 84,13 585. 86,and 28 200. 70 μg/g DM respectively,and more than 95% were aliphatic glucosinolates. The content of glucosinolates in succulent roots was 4. 56,2. 71,and 4. 55 times of that in leaves of three kinds of fruity radish. Main aliphatic glucosinolates in succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish were 4-methyl sulfinyl-3-butenyl glucosinolates,accounting for 90. 11%-93. 92% and63. 03%-73. 72% of total content of glucosinolates.

Effect of Reducing Application of Chemical Fertilizers and Chemical Pesticides on Physiological Traits,Yield and Quality of Radish

This paper studied the effect of reducing application of chemical fertilizer,increasing application of functional organic fertilizer and trace elements and fully using biological pesticides on physiological traits,yield and quality of radish. The results showed that applying functional organic fertilizer and trace elements and fully using biological pesticides could help to significantly improve the radish fleshy root yield,increase soluble sugar and vitamin C content,reduce crude fiber and nitrate content,but had no significant influence on radish moisture content,glucosinolates and chlorpyrifos content in organophosphorus pesticides.