Expert consensus on difficulty assessment of endodontic therapy

Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease. Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha. However, it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT). Recent research, encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques, contributes to our understanding of the root canal system’s anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT. Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients, infection severity, root canal anatomy, and treatment techniques. Therefore, improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions. The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions, tooth conditions, root canal configuration, and root canal needing retreatment, and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes. The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT. These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.

Experts consensus on the procedure of dental operative microscope in endodontics and operative dentistry

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,endodontic surgery,and dental restoration.However,the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings,primarily due to operators’insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment.In October 2019,Professor Jingping Liang,Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology,Chinese Stomatological Association,organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry.The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope.Subsequently,a consensus was reached and officially issued.Over the span of about four years,the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.

The bacterial small RNAs: The new biomarkers of oral microbiotaassociated cancers and diseases

The oral microbiota is a vital part of the human microbiota that functions in various physiological processes and ishighly relevant to cancers and other diseases. With the alterations of host immune competence, the homeostatic balanceexisting between the oral microbiota and host may be disturbed and result in the development of diseases. Numerousobservations have suggested that small RNAs are key regulators of bacterial pathogenesis and bacteria-host interactions.Further, bacterial small RNAs are considered to be promising biomarkers for the development of novel, and efficacioustherapies for oral dysbiosis. Mechanistic insights into how oral pathogens communicate with other bacteria or host cellsin oral cancers via small RNAs are hot topics of research. Current studies also have begun to elucidate the key role oforal microbiota in the development of systemic diseases. This article discusses existing findings and nascent mechanismsgoverning the small RNA-based interactions between oral microbiota and associated diseases. The knowledge of suchinteractions is key in planning approaches to reverse dysbiosis to achieve health.

基于社交网络的实时搜索引擎探究

随着社交网络的兴起,网民对信息资讯的速度和实时性提出了更高的要求。传统搜索引擎通过费时的网络爬虫抓取网页,建立索引,这已远不能满足用户的需求。相比之下,实时搜索能直接从网络捕获数据流,从而更迅速地满足用户对实时信息的需求。目前国内外已经出现了一些实时搜索引擎,如美国的OneRiot、Google、Collecta和Scoopler等,它们通过抓取Twitter、Facebook、Digg等社交网络上用户随时发布的海量信息,给人们提供最新的搜索内容。

Expert consensus on regenerative endodontic procedures

Regenerative endodontic procedures(REPs)is a biologic-based treatment modality for immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis.The ultimate objective of REPs is to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex,extend the tooth longevity and restore the normal function.Scientific evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of REPs in promotion of root development through case reports,case series,cohort studies,and randomized controlled studies.However,variations in clinical protocols for REPs exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the research field of regenerative endodontics.The heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners,thus guidelines and considerations of REPs should be explicated.This expert consensus mainly discusses the biological foundation,the available clinical protocols and current status of REPs in treating immature teeth with pulp necrosis,as well as the main complications of this treatment,aiming at refining the clinical management of REPs in accordance with the progress of basic researches and clinical studies,suggesting REPs may become a more consistently evidence-based option in dental treatment.

Expert consensus on dental caries management

Dental Caries is a kind of chronic oral disease that greatly threaten human being’s health.Though dentists and researchers struggled for decades to combat this oral disease,the incidence and prevalence of dental caries remain quite high.Therefore,improving the disease management is a key issue for the whole population and life cycle management of dental caries.So clinical difficulty assessment system of caries prevention and management is established based on dental caries diagnosis and classification.Dentists should perform oral examination and establish dental records at each visit.When treatment plan is made on the base of caries risk assessment and carious lesion activity,we need to work out patient-centered and personalized treatment planning to regain oral microecological balance,to control caries progression and to restore the structure and function of the carious teeth.And the follow-up visits are made based on personalized caries management.This expert consensus mainly discusses caries risk assessment,caries treatment difficulty assessment and dental caries treatment plan,which are the most important parts of caries management in the whole life cycle.

Meeting report: a close look at oral biofilms and microbiomes

The "Biofilms, Microbiomes and Oral Diseases: Challenges and Future Perspectives" symposium jointly organized by Penn Dental Medicine and West China School of Stomatology was held on 30 September 2017 at Penn Wharton China Center(PWCC) in Beijing,China. The topics included the pathogenicity of oral biofilms, novel strategies for the control of biofilm-related diseases, oral microbiome and single-cell approaches, and the link between oral diseases and overall health. Researchers from a number of disciplines, representing institutions from China and Penn Dental Medicine, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of biofilms, as well as future directions for the control of biofilm-related oral and systemic diseases.

Inhalable iron redox cycling powered nanoreactor for amplified ferroptosis-apoptosis synergetic therapy of lung cancer

Fenton reaction centered ferroptosis-apoptosis synergetic therapy has emerged as a promising tumor elimination strategy.However,the low intracellular Fenton level and accumulation of therapeutics at the lesion site greatly limit the efficacy of ferroptosis therapy.To overcome these two bottlenecks,an inhalable metal polyphenol network(MPN)-hybrid liposome,encoded as LDG,was proposed for enhancing the intracellular Fenton reaction level by co-delivering the ferroptosis inducer dihydroartemisinin(DHA)and the ferrous ion(Fe2+)donor MPN.The synthesized LDG had excellent nebulization performance which significantly improved the accumulation in the lungs,about 8.2 times of intravenous injection.In terms of anticancer mechanisms,MPN raised the intracellular level of Fe2+by constructing iron cycling in the weakly acidic environment of tumors.Triggered by Fe2+,DHA with peroxide-bridge structure underwent a high level of Fenton-like reaction,promoted the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and induced strong ferroptosis while cooperating with apoptosis.LDG exhibited extraordinary antitumor ability in an orthotopic lung tumor model,whose tumor inhibition efficiency was 1.53(P=0.0014)and 1.32(P=0.0183)times of the LG group(liposomes coated with gallic acid(GA)-Fe MPN)and LD group(liposomes loaded with DHA),respectively,showing the strongest anticancer effect.In conclusion,the constructed MPN-hybrid liposomes could be a potent custom nanoplatform for pulmonary delivery and underscored the great potential of ferroptosis-apoptosis synergetic therapy.

Plasma protein corona forming upon fullerene nanocomplex:Impact on both counterparts

Protein corona refers to the structure composed of biomolecules adsorbed on the surface of nanomaterials.The study on the effect of the interaction between protein and nanoparticles can provide an important guide for the application of nanodrug delivery.To provide a reference for the research on fullerene(C60)nanocomplex drug delivery systems,this work studied the interaction between C60 nanocomplex and a variety of plasma proteins.Research showed that the protein binding with C60 nanocomplex did not change the charge properties of protein.The proteins induced the aggregation of C60 nanocomplex.The circular dichroism spectra showed that the secondary structure of the proteins changed after binding to C60 nanocomplex.The ultraviolet-visible spectra showed that the effect of C60 nanocomplex on proteins was concentration-dependent.The fluorescence spectra showed that C60 nanocomplex could intrinsic fluorescence alteration of proteins.The adsorption capacity of C60 nanocomplex to proteins was changed at 0 h and 4 h.The interaction between nanocomplex and proteins might affect the morphological characteristics of nanocomplex and the conformation of proteins.This work could provide a reference for the research and development of C60 nanocomplex and other carbon-based nanocomplex as nanoparticulate drug delivery systems.

Impact of particle size and pH on protein corona formation of solid lipid nanoparticles:A proof-of-concept study

When nanoparticles were introduced into the biological media,the protein corona would be formed,which endowed the nanoparticles with new bio-identities.Thus,controlling protein corona formation is critical to in vivo therapeutic effect.Controlling the particle size is the most feasible method during design,and the infuence of media pH which varies with disease condition is quite important.The impact of particle size and pH on bovine serum albumin(BSA)corona formation of solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs)was studied here.The BSA corona formation of SLNs with increasing particle size(120-480 nm)in pH 6.0 and 7.4 was investigated.Multiple techniques were employed for visualization study,conformational structure study and mechanism study,etc."BSA corona-caused aggregation"of SLN2-3 was revealed in pH 6.0 while the dispersed state of SLNs was maintained in pH 7.4,which signifcantly affected the secondary structure of BSA and cell uptake of SLNs.The main interaction was driven by van der Waals force plus hydrogen bonding in p H 7.4,while by electrostatic attraction in pH 6.0,and size-dependent adsorption was confrmed.This study provides a systematic insight to the understanding of protein corona formation of SLNs.

Novel approach for real-time monitoring of carrier-based DPIs delivery process via pulmonary route based on modular modified Sympatec HELOS

An explicit illustration of pulmonary delivery processes(PDPs)was a prerequisite for the formulation design and optimization of carrier-based DPIs.However,the current evaluation approaches for DPIs could not provide precise investigation of each PDP separately,or the approaches merely used a simplified and idealized model.In the present study,a novel modular modified Sympatec HELOS Real-time monitoring;Modular modification;Carrier;Air flow rate;Mechanism of drug delivery(MMSH)was developed to fully investigate the mechanism of each PDP separately in real-time.An inhaler device,artificial throat and pre-separator were separately integrated with a Sympatec HELOS.The dispersion and fluidization,transportation,detachment and deposition processes of pulmonary delivery for model DPIs were explored under different flow rates.Moreover,time-sliced measurements were used to monitor the PDPs in real-time.The Next Generation Impactor(NGI)was applied to determine the aerosolization performance of the model DPIs.The release profiles of the drug particles,drug aggregations and carriers were obtained by MMSH in real-time.Each PDP of the DPIs was analyzed in detail.Moreover,a positive correlation was established between the total release amount of drug particles and the fine particle fraction(FPF)values(R^2=0.9898).The innovative MMSH was successfully developed and was capable of illustrating the PDPs and the mechanism of carrier-based DPIs,providing a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of carrier-based DPIs.

The effect of organic ligand modification on protein corona formation of nanoscale metal organic frameworks

Nanoscale metal organic frameworks(NMOFs)have been widely reported in biomedical field for their unique porous structure and tunable multifunctionality.However,when administrated in vivo,the protein corona will be formed on the surface of NMOFs,significantly affecting their biodistribution,pharmacokinetics and drug release.Few studies paid attention to the protein corona formation process and its influencing factors of NMOFs.As a well-established strategy for altering structure features of NMOFs,the organic ligand modification may have effect on the protein corona formation process,which is to be investigated.In this study,the zirconium(Zr)-based UIO66 was chosen as model NMOFs,the organic ligand of which was modified with amino group(-NH_(2))or carboxyl group(-COOH)to synthesize UIO66-NH_(2)and UIO66-2COOH,respectively.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)was chosen as model protein to investigate the protein corona formation process of NMOFs.The current results showed that the-COOH modification remarkably enhanced the BSA adsorption on NMOFs while-NH_(2)slightly decreased the protein binding affinity.These differences may be ascribed to the two different dominate protein corona formation modes,i.e.,surface coating mode and porous embedded mode.The protein corona formation did not affect the crystal phase of NMOFs but increased the content ofα-helix of BSA.Ultimately,upon protein corona formation,the cellular uptake of NMOFs was significantly affected.We believe our study will provide a new research paradigm to the design and applications of NMOFs.

Bibliometric landscape of the researches on protein corona of nanoparticles

Unclear biological fate hampers the clinical translation of nanoparticles for biomedical uses.In recent years,it is documented that the formation of protein corona upon nanoparticles is a critical factor leading to the ambiguous biological fate.Efforts have been made to explore the protein corona forming behaviors on nanoparticles,and rearrangement of the relevant studies will help to understand the current trend of such a topic.In this work,the publications about protein corona of nanoparticles in Science Citation Index Expanded database of Web of Science from 2007 to 2020(1417 in total)were analyzed in detail,and the bibliometrics landscape of them was showcased.The basic bibliometrics characteristics were summarized to provide an overall understanding.Citation analysis was performed to scrutinize the peer interests of these papers.The research hotspots in the field were evaluated,based on which some feasible topics for future studies were proposed.In general,the results demonstrated that protein corona of nanoparticles was a prospective research area,and had attracted global research interests.It was believed that this work could comprehensively highlight the bibliometrics landscape,inspire further exploitation on protein corona of nanoparticles,and ultimately promote the clinical translation of nanoparticles.

Mapping the intersection of nanotechnology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19:A bibliometric analysis

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has imposed great medical and economic burdens on human society,and nanotech-nology is a promising technique for managing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.To drive further studies on anti-COVID-19 nanotechnology,this paper provides an analysis,from a bibliometric perspective,of the intersec-tion of nanotechnology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.Methods:We analyzed the 2585 publications on nanotechnology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 included in the Web of Science Core Collection from January 2019 to March 2022 to determine the bibliometric landscape.The basic bibliometric characteristics are summarized in this article.Results:Our bibliometric analysis revealed that the intersection between nanotechnology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 is a cutting-edge field in the science community and that the related studies were multidisciplinary in nature.Studies on the structural basis of SARS-CoV-2,SARS-CoV-2 detection assays,and mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 provided the development foundation for this field.Conclusions:The current research focuses are the development of nanomaterial-based vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 detection methods,and the design of nanomedicines carrying SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors is a relatively burgeoning frontier.In summary,this bibliometric analysis of the intersection of nanotechnology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 highlights the current research focuses of this field to inspire future studies on anti-COVID-19 nanotechnologies.