Multiporphyrinic architectures:Advances in structural design for photodynamic therapy

Rationally designed multiporphyrinic architectures for boosting photodynamic therapy(PDT)have attracted significant attentions recently years due to their great potential for light-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species.However,there is still a gap between the structure design and their PDT performance for biomedical applications.This tutorial review provides a historical overview on(i)the basic concept of PDT for deeply understanding the porphyrin-mediated PDT reactions,(ii)developing strategies for constructing porphyrinic architectures,like nanorings,boxes,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),covalent-organic frameworks(COFs),vesicles,etc.,where we classified into the following three categories:multiporphyrin arrays,porphyrinic frameworks,and others porphyrin assemblies,(iii)the various application scenarios for clinical cancer therapy and antibacterial infection.Also,the existing challenges and future perspectives on the innovation of porphyrinic architectures for clinical PDT applications are mentioned in the end section.Moreover,the porphyrinic nanomaterials with atomically precise architectures provide an ideal platform for investigating the relationship between structures and PDT outputs,design of personalized“all-in-one”theranostic agents,and the popularization and application in wider biomedical fields.

Steep subduction of the Indian continental mantle lithosphere beneath the eastern Himalaya revealed by gravity anomalies

The geometry and deformation of the Indian continental mantle lithosphere(ICML)beneath the India-Eurasia collision zone are critical to understanding the accommodation of continent-continent convergence.In this paper,the distribution of residual gravity anomalies in the upper mantle of southern Tibet is estimated using the gravity data and seismic velocity models,and the heterogeneous density distribution of the upper-mantle is then recovered through three-dimensional gravity inversion.The results reveal a low-density anomaly(~300 km W-E and~100 km N-S)in the upper mantle under the eastern Himalaya,while there is no obvious density anomaly under the western Himalaya.The western boundary of the low-density anomaly coincides with the Yadong-Gulu Rift(YGR)on the surface(89°–90°E),and its southern boundary is located at~28°N,approximately 130 km southward from the Indus-Yarlung suture,probably representing the mantle suture at depth.This observation indicates that,in contrast to the western ICML which is probably underthrusting at a shallow angle,the eastern ICML be likely subducting steeply,accompanying asthenosphere upwelling.Such a laterally varying geometry suggests that a major tearing of the ICML may have taken place from the intersection of the mantle suture and the YGR in the upper mantle.The tearing and the steep subduction of the ICML might be associated with the magmatic and mineralization events in the eastern Himalaya-Gangdese and the formation of the YGR.

Trojan nanobacteria hybridized with prodrug nanocapsules for efficient combined tumor therapy

Live bacteria-based drug delivery systems have been raised as promising tools for enhancing drug delivery into tumors due to their active tumor targeting and easy surface modifiability.In this work,a“Trojan nanobacteria hybrid”,E.coli@highly integrated nanocapsules(HINCs)hybrid(HINE-Hybrid),was successfully constructed with HINCs of prodrug based on covalent selfassembly and the facultative anaerobic bacterium E.coli MG 1655 for combined chemotherapy,photothermal therapy(PTT),and chemodynamic therapy(CDT).HINCs were constructed by covalent cross-linking of pillar[5]arene derivatives and cisplatin prodrug linker,which can be endocytosed and lysed to release therapeutic agents.Under the near-infrared(NIR)light(at 808 nm)irradiation,the system temperature can be significantly increased by HINCs,which further leads to the highly efficient generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In addition,HINE-Hybrid shows significant antitumor effects in in vitro and in vivo studies and also promotes immune cell infiltration and antitumor cytokine expression in the tumor microenvironment(TME).HINEHybrid exerts its anticancer properties efficiently due to selective enrichment and multiplication of E.coli at tumor sites,which is important for the construction of bacterial-assisted antitumor platforms.

Multi-scale boron penetration toward stabilizing nickel-rich cathode

Nickel-rich layered oxides LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x-y)O_(2)(x≥0.8)have been recognized as the preferred cathode materials to develop lithium-ion batteries with high energy density(>300 Wh kg^(−1)).However,the poor cycling stability and rate capability stemming from intergranular cracks and sluggish kinetics hinder their commercialization.To address such issues,a multi-scale boron penetration strategy is designed and applied on the polycrystalline LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.11)Mn_(0.06)O_(2)particles that are pre-treated with pore construction.The lithium-ion conductive lithium borate in grain gaps functions as the grain binder that can bear the strain/stress from anisotropic contraction/expansion,and provides more pathways for lithium-ion diffusion.As a result,the intergranular cracks are ameliorated and the lithium-ion diffusion kinetics is improved.Moreover,the coating layer separates the sensitive cathode surface and electrolyte,helping to suppress the parasitic reactions and related gas evolution.In addition,the enhanced structural stability is acquired by strong B-O bonds with trace boron doping.As a result,the boron-modified sample with an optimized boron content of 0.5%(B5-NCM)exhibits a higher initial discharge capacity of 205.5 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1C(1C=200 mA g^(−1))and improved capacity retention of 81.7%after 100 cycles at 1C.Furthermore,the rate performance is distinctly enhanced by high lithium-ion conductive LBO(175.6 mAh g^(−1)for B5-NCM and 154.6 mAh g^(−1)for B0-NCM at 5C)

《症状性陈旧性胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折手术治疗临床指南》要点解读

症状性陈旧性胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折(SCOVF)病变复杂, 治疗方法多样, 但是缺乏统一的选择标准。中国医师协会骨科医师分会脊柱创伤学组组织专家制订并发布了《症状性陈旧性胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折手术治疗临床指南》, 由于篇幅限制, 指南并未对相关推荐意见进行深入阐述和分析。为此, 笔者对SCOVF的诊断、手术方式选择和内固定方式选择等方面进行详细解读, 帮助同行更好地掌握指南的内涵并正确应用于临床。

Novel two-dimensional PdSe phase:A puckered material with excellent electronic and optical properties

By combining structural search and first-principles calculations,we predict a new stable twodimensional PdSe monolayer,and systematically investigate its structural,electronic and optical properties.The calculated formation enthalpy,phonon spectra and molecular dynamic simulations confirm that PdSe monolayer possesses excellent thermodynamic and dynamic stability.PdSe monolayer is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of∼1.10 eV.The carrier transport of PdSe monolayer is dominated by hole and exhibits remarkable anisotropy due to the intrinsic structure anisotropy.The optical properties also show obvious anisotropic characteristic with considerable absorption coefficient and broad absorption from the visible to ultraviolet regions.Benefiting from these excellent physical properties,PdSe monolayer is expected to be a promising candidate as electronic and optoelectronic devices.