Developments and Applications of Neutrosophic Theory in Civil Engineering Fields:A Review

Neutrosophic theory can effectively and reasonably express indeterminate,inconsistent,and incomplete information.Since Smarandache proposed the neutrosophic theory in 1998,neutrosophic theory and related research have been developed and applied to many important fields.Indeterminacy and fuzziness are one of the main research issues in the field of civil engineering.Therefore,the neutrosophic theory is very suitable for modeling and applications of civil engineering fields.This review paper mainly describes the recent developments and applications of neutrosophic theory in four important research areas of civil engineering:the neutrosophic decision-making theory and applied methods,the neutrosophic evaluation methods and applications of slope stability,the neutrosophic expressions and analyses of rock joint roughness coefficient,and the neutrosophic structural optimization methods and applications.In terms of these research achievements in the four areas of civil engineering,the neutrosophic theory demonstrates its advantages in dealing with the indeterminate and inconsistent issues in civil engineering and the effectiveness and practicability of existing applied methods.In the future work,the existing research results will be further improved and extended in civil engineering problems.In addition,the neutrosophic theory will also have better application prospects in other fields of civil engineering.

Configurable circular-polarization-dependent optoelectronic silent state for ultrahigh light ellipticity discrimination

Filterless light-ellipticity-sensitive optoelectronic response generally has low discrimination,thus severely hindering the development of monolithic polarization detectors.Here,we achieve a breakthrough based on a configurable circular-polarization-dependent optoelectronic silent state created by the superposition of two photoresponses with enantiomerically opposite ellipticity dependences.The zero photocurrent and the significantly suppressed noise of the optoelectronic silent state singularly enhance the circular polarization extinction ratio(CPER)and the sensitivity to light ellipticity perturbation.The CPER of our device approaches infinity by the traditional definition.The newly established CPER taking noise into account is 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than those of ordinary integrated circular polarization detectors,and it remains high in an expanded wavelength range.The noise equivalent light ellipticity difference goes below 0.009° Hz-1/2 at modulation frequencies above 1000 Hz by a light power of 281 uW.This scheme brings a leap in developing monolithic ultracompact circular polarization detectors.

Memory materials and devices:From concept to application

Memory cells have always been an important element of information technology.With emerging technologies like big data and cloud computing,the scale and complexity of data storage has reached an unprecedented peak with a much higher requirement for memory technology.As is well known,better data storage is mostly achieved by miniaturization.However,as the size of the memory device is reduced,a series of problems,such as drain gate-induced leakage,greatly hinder the performance of memory units.To meet the increasing demands of information technology,novel and high-performance memory is urgently needed.Fortunately,emerging memory technologies are expected to improve memory performance and drive the information revolution.This review will focus on the progress of several emerging memory technologies,including two-dimensional material-based memories,resistance random access memory(RRAM),magnetic random access memory(MRAM),and phasechange random access memory(PCRAM).Advantages,mechanisms,and applications of these diverse memory technologies will be discussed in this review.