社会调查报告法律属性之争点整理与再探讨

在未成年人刑事案件中,社会调查报告是办案机关进行审查批捕、审查起诉、裁量刑罚以及对涉罪未成年人开展帮教工作的重要参考材料。社会调查报告尚不具备《刑事诉讼法》规定的证据形式而无从作为定案根据,但其实质上足以影响对涉罪未成年人的程序处遇与量刑,理应纳入证据范畴。学界对社会调查报告作为程序事项处理和量刑证据的法律属性认识较为一致,但对其归于何种证据形式则有不同观点。将社会调查报告纳入鉴定意见这一证据形式,并参照鉴定意见的管理制度进一步加强社会调查的专业化和规范化,提高社会调查报告的科学性和准确性,以供办案机关在作出程序性处理和量刑时予以考量,不失为一种可行的优选方案。

Derivation of Cloud-Free-Region Atmospheric Motion Vectors from FY-2E Thermal Infrared Imagery

The operational cloud-motion tracking technique fails to retrieve atmospheric motion vectors(AMVs) in areas lacking cloud; and while water vapor shown in water vapor imagery can be used, the heights assigned to the retrieved AMVs are mostly in the upper troposphere. As the noise-equivalent temperature difference(NEd T) performance of FY-2E split window(10.3–11.5 μm, 11.6–12.8 μm) channels has been improved, the weak signals representing the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols in cloud-free areas can be strengthened with algorithms based on the difference principle, and applied in calculating AMVs in the lower troposphere. This paper is a preliminary summary for this purpose, in which the principles and algorithm schemes for the temporal difference, split window difference and second-order difference(SD) methods are introduced. Results from simulation and cases experiments are reported in order to verify and evaluate the methods, based on comparison among retrievals and the "truth". The results show that all three algorithms, though not perfect in some cases,generally work well. Moreover, the SD method appears to be the best in suppressing the surface temperature influence and clarifying the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols. The accuracy with respect to NCEP 800 h Pa reanalysis data was found to be acceptable, as compared with the accuracy of the cloud motion vectors.

一类带阻尼的吸引型奇性Duffing方程周期正解的存在性

该文考虑了一类带阻尼的吸引型奇性Duffing方程u"(t)+Cu’(t)+g(u(t))=e(t),其中C是常数且C≠0,g是连续函数并且在原点x=0有吸引型奇性.通过应用Manasevich-Mawhin连续定理和一些分析方法,证明了该方程至少存在一个周期正解.

Genome-wide Identification and Analysis of MVD Gene Family in Euphorbiaceae Plants

The mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase(MVD)is an essential enzyme in mevalonate(MVA)pathway that catalyzes the irreversible Mg2+-ATP dependent decarboxylation of 6-carbon compound mevalonate-5-diphosphate(MVAPP)into 5-carbon isopentenyl diphosphate(IPP),the building block of sterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis.In this study,based on the published genome sequences and ESTs,a genome-wide search was carried out for the first time to identify MVD gene family in four genome-sequenced Euphorbiaceae plants,i.e.castor bean(Ricinus communis),physic nut(Jatropha curcas),cassava(Manihot esculenta)and rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis),and to analyze the gene structure and phylogenetic characteristics.According to the experimental results,1,1,2 and 2 MVD genes,which all contain 9 introns,were identified from castor bean,physic nut,cassava and rubber tree,respectively.Homology analysis indicates that MVD genes are widely distributed in eukaryotes,some archaea and eubacteria,which suggests an early origin of this gene family.Although MVD genes were identified in most green plants,no homologous genes were found in unicellular green algae.In most genome-sequenced plants including castor bean and physic nut,a single copy of MVD gene was found;however,in cassava and rubber tree,two copies were identified just like that in moss,maize,Arabidopsis and poplar.In castor bean,digital expression profiling suggests that in five examined tissues,i.e.leaf,flower,II/III stage endosperm,V/VI stage endosperm and seed,RcPMK was expressed strongly in flower and II/III stage endosperm,moderately in V/VI stage endosperm and leaf,and weakly in seed.

Statistical Modeling with a Hidden Markov Tree and High-resolution Interpolation for Spaceborne Radar Reflectivity in the Wavelet Domain

With the increasing availability of precipitation radar data from space,enhancement of the resolution of spaceborne precipitation observations is important,particularly for hazard prediction and climate modeling at local scales relevant to extreme precipitation intensities and gradients.In this paper,the statistical characteristics of radar precipitation reflectivity data are studied and modeled using a hidden Markov tree(HMT)in the wavelet domain.Then,a high-resolution interpolation algorithm is proposed for spaceborne radar reflectivity using the HMT model as prior information.Owing to the small and transient storm elements embedded in the larger and slowly varying elements,the radar precipitation data exhibit distinct multiscale statistical properties,including a non-Gaussian structure and scale-to-scale dependency.An HMT model can capture well the statistical properties of radar precipitation,where the wavelet coefficients in each sub-band are characterized as a Gaussian mixture model(GMM),and the wavelet coefficients from the coarse scale to fine scale are described using a multiscale Markov process.The state probabilities of the GMM are determined using the expectation maximization method,and other parameters,for instance,the variance decay parameters in the HMT model are learned and estimated from high-resolution ground radar reflectivity images.Using the prior model,the wavelet coefficients at finer scales are estimated using local Wiener filtering.The interpolation algorithm is validated using data from the precipitation radar onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission satellite,and the reconstructed results are found to be able to enhance the spatial resolution while optimally reproducing the local extremes and gradients.

Statistics of cloud heights over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding region derived from CloudSat data

Cloud-radiation interaction has a large impact on the Earth's weather and climate change,and clouds with different heights cause different radiative forcing.Thus,the information on the statistics of cloud height and its variation in space and time is very important to global climate change studies.In this paper,cloud top height(CTH),cloud base height(CBH) and cloud thickness over regions of the Tibetan Plateau,south slope of the plateau and South Asian Monsoon are analyzed based on Cloud Sat data during the period from June 2006 to December 2007.The results show that frequency of CTH and CBH in unit area over the studied regions have certain temporal-spatial continuity.The CTH and CBH of different cloud types have different variation scopes,and their seasonal variations are distinct.Cloud thickness is large(small) in summer(winter),and the percentages of different cloud types also have certain regularity.

Molecular Cloning and Analysis of LEA14L2 Gene from Rubber Tree( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. )

Using an isotig encoding a putative polypeptide with high similarity to Arabidopsis LEA14 as a query,a 613 bp long cDNA was in silico cloned from the transcriptome data of rubber tree. The sequence nominated as HbLEA14L2 contains an ORF of 456 bp with 3 bp 5' UTR and 154 bp 3' UTR. Subsequently,a 464 bp cDNA and an 834 bp genome sequence containing this ORF was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis suggested that HbLEA14L2 has one intron and encodes 151 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 16. 55 kDa,isolectric point of 4. 93 and GRAVY value of- 0. 022,indicating a cytoplasmic localization pattern; HbLEA14L2 protein contains a conserved LEA_2 domain and belongs to LEA_2 subfamily,sharing 91%,76%,75%,72% and 63% similarity with the homologous proteins in castor bean,leafy spurge,poplar,cotton,and Arabidopsis,respectively. Swiss-Model indicated that the tertiary structure of HbLEA14L2 is consisted of one α-helix and seven β-sheets,which was proposed to serve as a regulatory protein to prevent cellular desiccation.

Evaluation and Correction of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Observations Based on NCEP-FNL Data

Consistency between the brightness temperatures observed with a ground-based microwave radiometer and the brightness temperatures computed by forward modeling is important in many different data applications. Using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Final Operational Global Analysis (NCEP-FNL) dataset as a reference, the brightness temperature was obtained through the radiation transfer model for forward calculation. The problem of segmented features in long time of observational data from ground-based microwave radiometers (the so-called “jumping problem”) was identified. By analyzing the deviation and correlation between the observational bright temperature data and the forward calculated data under clear sky conditions, a revised scheme is proposed for the bright temperature observational data. Data obtained with a ground-based microwave radiometer in Beijing from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011 around the date of liquid nitrogen calibration show that the correlation between the observed brightness temperatures and the forward computed brightness temperatures is better after correction, especially at 28 and 30 GHz. The “jumping” problem in the observational data for the brightness temperature is eliminated after correction and the time continuity of the observational data and its consistency with the forward calculated data based on the NCEP-FNL dataset are improved. The proposed correction scheme can be used both for real-time data quality control and to improve the accuracy of historical datasets obtained with poorly calibrated microwave radiometers or radiometers working in polluted environments.

两步煅烧法再生磷酸铁锂正极材料的研究

采用两步煅烧法对废旧电池的磷酸铁锂正极材料进行再生,首先采用热历程分析、成分分析确定磷酸铁锂的成分和元素缺失量,其次通过一次煅烧氮气保护高温裂解法去除回收正极材料中的有机物,采用液相法补充缺失元素,经过第二步氮气保护高温煅烧再生磷酸铁锂正极材料,最后对再生的正极材料的电性能进行测试,获得具有优异性能的磷酸铁锂正极材料。两步煅烧法再生为大规模工业化磷酸铁锂正极材料回收提供了一条可行的工艺思路。

Evaluation on Radar Reflectivity-Rainfall Rate (Z-R) Relationships for Guyana

The constant development of science and technology in weather radar results in high-resolution spatial and temporal rainfall estimates and improved early warnings of meteorological phenomena such as flood [1]. Weather radars do not measure the rainfall amount directly, so a relationship between the reflectivity (Z) and rainfall rate (R), called the Z-R relationship (Z = aRb), where a and b are empirical constants, can be used to estimate the rainfall amount. In this research, mathematical techniques were used to find the best climatological Z-R relationships for the Low Coastal Plain of Guyana. The reflectivity data from the S-Band Doppler Weather Radar for February 17 and 21, 2011 and May 8, 2012 together with the daily rainfall depths at 29 rainfall stations located within a 150 km radius were investigated. A climatological Z-R relationship type Z = 200R1.6 (Marshall-Palmer) configured by default into the radar system was used to investigate the correlation between the radar reflectivity and the rainfall by gauges. The same data sets were used with two distinct experimental Z-R relationships, Z = 300R1.4 (WSR-88D Convective) and Z = 250R1.2 (Rosenfeld Tropical) to determine if any could be applicable for area of study. By comprehensive regression analysis, New Z-R and R-Z relationships for each of the three events aforementioned were developed. In addition, a combination of all the samples for all three events were used to produce another relationship called “All in One”. Statistical measures were then applied to detect BIAS and Error STD in order to produce more evidence-based results. It is proven that different Z-R relationships could be calibrated into the radar system to provide more accurate rainfall estimation.

Proteomic analysis provides insights into the function of Polian vesicles in the sea cucumber A postichopus japonicus post-evisceration

The Polian vesicle is the main accessory structure in the water vascular system of sea cucumbers.It can function to hold water vascular fluid under slight pressure and act as a hematopoiesis,excretory,and inflammatory response organ.Being the only organ to remain after evisceration,the Polian vesicle may function in the survival and regeneration of sea cucumber.We performed Tandem Mass Tag(TMT)-based proteomics to identify how proteins in the Polian vesicle of Apostichopus japonicus respond to evisceration.Among the 8453 proteins identified from vesicle samples before evisceration(PVOh)and at 6-h post-evisceration(PV6h)and 3-d post-evisceration(PV3d),we detected 222 differentially abundant proteins(DAPs).Most of the annotated DAPs were associated with cell growth and proliferation,immune response and wound healing,substance transport and metabolism,cytoskeleton/cilia/flagella,extracellular matrix,energy production and conversion,protein synthesis and modification,and signal recognition and transduction.Compared with PVOh,fewer DAPs were identified at PV6h,and more DAPs were found at PV3d,and these DAPs were widely distributed among multiple biological processes.Our results indicate that a wide range of biological processes was induced in Polian vesicles in response to evisceration.In particular,Polian vesicles may play important roles in the re storation of coelomocyte s,immune defense,and wound healing in sea cucumber.We propose that the Polian vesicle may be involved in visceral regeneration through nutrition and energy supply and by promoting dedifferentiation and migration.Together,these results provided new insights into the function of the Polian vesicle in A.japonicus post-evisceration.

Determination of the Correlation between the Air Temperature Measured <i>in Situ</i>and Remotely Sensed Data from MODIS and SEVIRI in Congo-Brazzaville

This study compared data from the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA’s Terra satellite and the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on EUMETSAT’s Meterosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite with in situ data obtained from ground observation stations in Congo-Brazzaville. Remote sensing instruments can be used to estimate air temperature, which has an important role in monitoring the effects of climate change. Congo-Brazzaville is located in equatorial forest, which is difficult to access, and has a limited number of ground meteorological stations measuring air temperature. This study used MODIS and MSG data for the period 2009-2014 to assess the performance of land surface temperature data from satellites against in situ data from ground-based stations in Congo-Brazzaville using a linear regression model. This work has allowed us to determine which satellite is best adapted for use in Central Africa.

Dual precipitate simultaneous enhancement of tensile and fatigue strength in(FeCoNi)_(86)Al_(7)Ti_(7) high-entropy alloy fabricated using selective laser melting

Recent studies have indicated that precipitation-strengthened high-entropy alloys(HEAs)show superior mechanical performance and have been successfully fabricated by additive manufacturing.However,the lack of fatigue and fracture research has limited the engineering applications of additive manufacturing HEAs.This work explored a dual precipitation-strengthened(FeCoNi)_(86)Al_(7)Ti_(7) HEA with excellent tensile and fatigue strength,prepared through selective laser melting and heat treatment.Compared with the as-built samples,the tensile properties and fatigue endurance limit improved through aging by 48.7%and 30%,respectively.The strengthening mechanism and enhanced fatigue performance were clarified in detail.The improvement in fatigue strength was attributed to the improved resistance of the L1_(2) and L2_(1) precipitates.During deformation,the dislocation shear coherent L1_(2) precipitates reduced slip band energy and inhibited slip band expansion,while the L2_(1) particles acted as obstructions for further slip band propagation,severely limiting the rapid formation and propagation of crack growth.In-situ TEM cyclic tensile-tensile testing also clarified the fatigue crack growth behavior,demonstrating that crack deflection due to L2_(1) precipitate obstruction slowed down the crack growth rate and efficiently promoted the closure of the microcrack tips.This work offers im plications for a new strategy to develop additive manufacturing HEAs.