Current Development Situations of Ziziphus Jujuba Industry in South Xinjiang and Recommendations

Through surveying current development situations and existing problems of planting and processing of Ziziphus jujuba in south Xinjiang,this paper discussed planting,processing mode of Ziziphus Jujuba in south Xinjiang and development direction of enterprises in Ziziphus Jujuba production. It is expected to ensure and increase quality and sales volume of Ziziphus Jujuba and promote sound and sustainable development of Ziziphus Jujuba industrial chain in south Xinjiang.

Process performance and quality attributes of temperature and step-down relative humidity controlled hot air drying of Panax notoginseng roots

The effects of temperature and step-down relative humidity controlled hot-air drying(THC-HAD)on the drying kinetics,energy efficiency and quality,i.e.,rehydration ratio(RR),color parameters(L*,a*,b*),total color difference(ΔE*),Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)content,and ginsenosides content(R1,Rg1,Re,Rd,Rb1)of Panax notoginseng roots were evaluated.The drying time was significantly affected by the drying temperature followed by the relative humidity(RH)of the drying air.Special combination of drying conditions,i.e.,drying temperature of 50°C,relative humidity of 40%for 3 h and then continuous dehumidification from 40%to 8%allowed to shorten the drying time by 25%compared to drying at the same temperature and continuous dehumidification.The longer was the drying time under constant high RH of drying air,the lower was the RR of dried samples.The step-down RH strategy contributed to the formation of a porous structure,enhancement of drying efficiency and quality improvement.Generally,the ginsenosides content increased with the increase in temperature,while no obvious trend was recorded for ginsenoside R1.The contents of the ginsenoside R1,Rg1,Rb1 and PNS decreased with the increase in the drying time under constant high RH.Taking into account the drying time,energy consumption and quality attributes,drying at the temperature of 50°C,constant RH of 40%for 3 h and then step-down RH from 40%to 8%was proposed as the most favorable combination of drying conditions for dehydration of whole Panax notoginseng roots.

Optimization of drying conditions and components to reduce wall sticking during spray drying of infant formula milk

Wall sticking,which greatly reduces productivity and product quality,has been a big challenge of spray drying.Structure of drying tower and atomizer,as well as drying conditions are the main influencing factors.This research explored the possibility to reduce wall sticking by optimizing drying conditions and components to obtain higher recovery rate of powdered infant formula milk(PIFM).Response surface experimental results indicated that inlet air temperature(T),feed concentration(C),feeding speed(S),as well as interaction term of TC and quadratic terms of C^(2) and S^(2) had significant influences on recovery rate for determined milk formula.According to mixture experiments at optimized drying conditions,whey protein(P),fat(F)and lactose(L)contents,as well as interaction term FL had significant effects on recovery rate.Positive effects were observed for F and L contents on recovery rate,while negative effects were observed for P and FL.Under the optimized drying condition of 136℃,19.80%and 4.07 mL/min,respectively,for T,C and S,the maximum recovery rate of 58.98%was obtained for PIFM with P,F and L content of 18%,31%and 51%,respectively.Wall sticking phenomena could be reduced by optimizing drying conditions and mildly adjusting components of infant formula milk.