Towards a fast and stable tachypnea monitor:a C_(60)-Lys enabled optical fiber sensor for humidity tracking in breath progress

The pandemic of respiratory diseases enlightened people that monitoring respiration has promising prospects in averting many fatalities by tracking the development of diseases.However,the response speed of current optical fiber sensors is still insufficient to meet the requirements of high-frequency respiratory detection during respiratory failure.Here,a scheme for a fast and stable tachypnea monitor is proposed utilizing a water-soluble C_(60)-Lys ion compound as functional material for the tracking of humidity change in the progression of breath.The polarization of C_(60)-Lys can be tuned by the ambient relative humidity change,and an apparent refractive index alteration can be detected due to the small size effect.In our experiments,C_(60)-Lys is conformally and uniformly deposited on the surface of a tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG)to fabricate an ultra-fast-response,high-sensitivity,and long-term stable optical fiber humidity sensor.A relative humidity(RH)detecting sensitivity of 0.080 dB/%RH and the equilibrium response time and recovery time of 1.85 s and 1.58 s are observed,respectively.Also,a linear relation is detected between the resonance intensity of the TFBG and the environment RH.In a practical breath monitoring experiment,the instantaneous response time and recovery time are measured as 40 ms and 41 ms,respectively,during a 1.5 Hz fast breath process.Furthermore,an excellent time stability and high repeatability are exhibited in experiments conducted over a range of 7 days.

Isotoosendanin exerts inhibition on triple-negative breast cancer through abrogating TGF-β-induced epithelial—mesenchymal transition via directly targeting TGFβR1

As the most aggressive breast cancer,triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) is still incurable and very prone to metastasis.The transform growth factor β(TGF-β)-induced epithelial—mesenchymal transition(EMT) is crucially involved in the growth and metastasis of TNBC.This study reported that a natural compound isotoosendanin(ITSN) reduced TNBC metastasis by inhibiting TGF-β-induced EMT and the formation of invadopodia.ITSN can directly interact with TGF-β receptor type-1(TGFβR1) and abrogated the kinase activity of TGFβR1,thereby blocking the TGF-β-initiated downstream signaling pathway.Moreover,the ITSN-provided inhibition on metastasis obviously disappeared in TGFβR1-overexpressed TNBC cells in vitro as well as in mice bearing TNBC cells overexpressed TGFβR1.Furthermore,Lys232 and Asp351 residues in the kinase domain of TGFβR1 were found to be crucial for the interaction of ITSN with TGFβR1.Additionally,ITSN also improved the inhibitory efficacy of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1) antibody for TNBC in vivo via inhibiting the TGF-β-mediated EMT in the tumor microenvironment.Our findings not only highlight the key role of TGFβR1 in TNBC metastasis,but also provide a leading compound targeting TGFβR1 for the treatment of TNBC metastasis.Moreover,this study also points out a potential strategy for TNBC treatment by using the combined application of anti-PD-L1 with a TGFβR1 inhibitor.