Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Using MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) Review Study

This study demonstrated the importance, process, activation and applications of Membrane in bioreactor to treat the waste water. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) process consists of a biological reactor integrated with membranes that combine clarification and filtration of an activated sludge process into a simplified, single step process. Operating as an MBR allows conventional activated sludge plants to become single step processes, which produce high quality effluent potentially suitable for reuse. Application of MBR technology for industrial wastewater treatment has also gained attention because of the robustness of the process. Theoretically, maintenance of long SRT in MBR is in favor of the retention and development of special microorganisms, which may lead to better removal of refractory organic matter and make the system more robust to load variations and toxic shocks. Literature suggested the conceptual expectation of enhanced biodegradation of hardly biodegradable compounds in MBR does not often come true. Improved biodegradation to certain extent has been reported in a few studies;however the underlying factors leading to such improvement still remains to be elucidated. This is comprehensive review of the studies dealing with recalcitrant industrial wastewater treatment by MBR, and casts light on the strategies to achieve enhanced biodegradation of hardly biodegradable industrial pollutants in MBR.

Performance and mechanism of carbamazepine removal by FeS-S_(2)O_(8)^(2–)process:experimental investigation and DFT calculations

As persulfate(S_(2)O_(8)^(2-))is being increasingly used as an alternative oxidizing agent,developing lowcost and eco-friendly catalysts for efficient S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)activation is potentially useful for the treatment of wastewater containing refractory organic pollutant.In this study,the degradative features and mechanisms of carbamazepine(CBZ)were systematically investigated in a novel FeS-S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)process under near-neutral conditions.The results exhibited that CBZ can be effectively eliminated by the FeS-S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)process and the optimal conditions were:250 mg/L FeS,0.5 mmol/L S_(2)O_(8)^(2-),and pH=6.0.The existence of Cl^(−)(1 and 50 mmol/L)has little influence on the CBZ elimination,while both HCO_(3)^(−) and HPO_(4)^(2−)(1 and 50 mmol/L)significantly suppressed the CBZ removal in the FeS-S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)process.CBZ could be degraded via a radical mechanism in the FeS-S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)process,the working radical species(i.e.,SO_(4)•−and•OH)were efficiently formed via the promoted decomposition of S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)by the surface Fe2+on the FeS and the dissolved ferrous ions in solution.Based on the identified oxidized products and Fukui index calculations,a possible degradation pathway of CBZ was speculated.More importantly,a two-stage oxidation mechanism of CBZ elimination was speculated in the FeS-S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)process,the activation of S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)by the surface-active Fe(II)of FeS dominated in the initial 5 min,while homogeneous oxidation reactions played more essential parts than others in the following reaction stage(5–60 min).Overall,this study demonstrated that the FeS-S_(2)O_(8)^(2-)process is capable of removing CBZ from water efficiently.

Phosphorylation of NF2 at Serine-13 by MAP4K family kinases mediates pathological angiogenesis

Dear Editor,Angiogenesis is vital for the development and maintenance of functional organs,and also participates in diverse pathological processes,such as wound healing,oxygen tension,and tumorigenesis(Potente et al.,2011).Thus,understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis has important clinical implications and may guide strategies for drug development.

重构Hippo信号通路分子网络

The mechanism by which organs perceive their size and regulate growth in accordance remains enigmatic.The Hippo signaling pathway has been recognized as a master regulator for organ size,tissue regeneration,and tumorigenesis[1,2].In the last two decades or so,major components of the Hippo pathway have been uncovered,primarily in Drosophila and occasionally in mammals.A comprehensive understanding of the molecular framework and regulatory mechanisms of the Hippo pathway holds immense potential for advancements in cancer therapies and regenerative medicine.

Adsorption of sulfonamides on lake sediments

Sulfonamides （SAs） are one class of the most widely used antibiotics around the world. Their fate and transport in the aquatic environment is of great concern. In this study, adsorption of four SAs--sulfadiazine （SD）, sulfamethoxazole （SMZ）, sulfadimethoxine （SDM） and sulfamethazine （SM2）---in single-solute and multi-solute systems on sediments of Dianchi （DC） Lake and Taihu （TH） Lake, China was investigated with batch experi- ments. In the single-solute adsorption system, the Langmuir model and the dual-mode model described the adsorption process better than the Freundlich model. Model fitness was better on DC sediment than on TH sediment. The order of adsorption capacity approximately followed a decreasing order of SDM ~ SD 〉 SM2 〉 SMZ on both sediments, which was likely attributed to the distinctly different water solubility of the four SAs. In the multi-solute system, the order of adsorption capacity was SM2 〉 SDM 〉 SD 〉 SMZ, which was probably related to the compound speciation caused by the pH values of the experimental solution. In the multi-solute system, both competitive and cooperative adsorption played important roles in the adsorption of sulfonamides on sediments.