The authors examined the original data of their work and noticed a misuse of the image of the bands of AKT and actin in fig.2A(as shown below on the upper panel).The error occurred during the preparation of the manusc...The authors examined the original data of their work and noticed a misuse of the image of the bands of AKT and actin in fig.2A(as shown below on the upper panel).The error occurred during the preparation of the manuscript,mainly due to the wrongly labeling of image items or folders inadvertently.The correct one is shown in fig.2 on the lower panel.The authors sincerely apologize for the mistake and confirm that the change does not affect the scientific conclusion of the published work.展开更多
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors(ICBs),in addition to targeting CTLA-4,PD-1,and PD-L1,novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application.With the widespread use of the drug,we must deeply analyze ...Immune-checkpoint inhibitors(ICBs),in addition to targeting CTLA-4,PD-1,and PD-L1,novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application.With the widespread use of the drug,we must deeply analyze the dilemma of the agents and seek a breakthrough in the treatment prospect.Over the past decades,these agents have demonstrated dramatic efficacy,especially in patients with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Nonetheless,in the field of a broad concept of solid tumours,non-specific indications,inseparable immune response and side effects,unconfirmed progressive disease,and complex regulatory networks of immune resistance are four barriers that limit its widespread application.Fortunately,the successful clinical trials of novel ICB agents and combination therapies,the advent of the era of oncolytic virus gene editing,and the breakthrough of the technical barriers of mRNA vaccines and nano-delivery systems have made remarkable breakthroughs currently.In this review,we enumerate the mechanisms of each immune checkpoint targets,associations between ICB with tumour mutation burden,key immune regulatory or resistance signalling pathways,the specific clinical evidence of the efficacy of classical targets and new targets among different tumour types and put forward dialectical thoughts on drug safety.Finally,we discuss the importance of accurate triage of ICB based on recent advances in predictive biomarkers and diagnostic testing techniques.展开更多
文摘The authors examined the original data of their work and noticed a misuse of the image of the bands of AKT and actin in fig.2A(as shown below on the upper panel).The error occurred during the preparation of the manuscript,mainly due to the wrongly labeling of image items or folders inadvertently.The correct one is shown in fig.2 on the lower panel.The authors sincerely apologize for the mistake and confirm that the change does not affect the scientific conclusion of the published work.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974414,81772788,81873430).
文摘Immune-checkpoint inhibitors(ICBs),in addition to targeting CTLA-4,PD-1,and PD-L1,novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application.With the widespread use of the drug,we must deeply analyze the dilemma of the agents and seek a breakthrough in the treatment prospect.Over the past decades,these agents have demonstrated dramatic efficacy,especially in patients with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Nonetheless,in the field of a broad concept of solid tumours,non-specific indications,inseparable immune response and side effects,unconfirmed progressive disease,and complex regulatory networks of immune resistance are four barriers that limit its widespread application.Fortunately,the successful clinical trials of novel ICB agents and combination therapies,the advent of the era of oncolytic virus gene editing,and the breakthrough of the technical barriers of mRNA vaccines and nano-delivery systems have made remarkable breakthroughs currently.In this review,we enumerate the mechanisms of each immune checkpoint targets,associations between ICB with tumour mutation burden,key immune regulatory or resistance signalling pathways,the specific clinical evidence of the efficacy of classical targets and new targets among different tumour types and put forward dialectical thoughts on drug safety.Finally,we discuss the importance of accurate triage of ICB based on recent advances in predictive biomarkers and diagnostic testing techniques.
