Phosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin in epiretinal membrane of human proliferative diabetic retinopathy

AIMTo examine phosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin (p-αBC), a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) chaperone, and immunohistochemically investigate relationship between p-αBC, VEGF and phosphorylated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) in the epiretinal membrane of human proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODSEleven epiretinal membranes of PDR surgically excised were included in this study. Two normal retinas were also collected from enucleation tissues due to choroidal melanoma. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were processed for immunohistochemistry with anti-p-αBC, VEGF, CD31, and p-p38 MAPK antibodies.RESULTSImmunoreactivity for p-αBC was observed in all of the epiretinal membranes examined, where phosphorylation on serine (Ser) 59 showed strongest immunoreactivity in over 70% of the membranes. The immunolocalization of p-αBC was detected in the CD31-positive endothelial cells, and co-localized with VEGF and p-p38 MAPK in PDR membranes. Immunoreactivity for p-αBC, however, was undetectable in endothelial cells of the normal retinas, where p-p38 MAPK immunoreactivity was less marked than PDR membranes.CONCLUSIONPhosphorylation of αBC, in particular, phosphorylation on Ser59 by p-p38 MAPK may play a potential role as a molecular chaperon for VEGF in the pathogenesis of epiretinal membranes in PDR.

Transcriptome profiling and RXR gene family identification reveals the molecular mechanism of rapid aging after spawning of cuttlefish Sepiella japonica

Sepiella japonica is a worldwide marine cuttlefish species of high economic value.S.japonica routinely modifying behaviors in reproductive life,such as rapid aging until death after spawning,has been recognized in artificial breeding.However,reproductive behavior at the level of genes is rarely reported,thus,the research on the genetic basis of behavior,reproduction,and artificial breeding was limited.We applied RNA-seq in different stages of reproduction to investigate the reason of rapid aging after spawning,pre-maturity,pre-spawning after maturity,and post-spawning.The retinoid X receptor(RXR)gene family in S.japonica was identified,and 1343–1452 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in all 3 stages of reproductive life were identified from pairwise m RNA comparisons.Furthermore,through the GO term and KEGG analysis,S.japonica could handle neuronal development and network formation before maturity and have a functional degradation of neural communication,signal transduction,vision,and gene expression after spawning.Eight Sj RXRαs have been identified and they played different roles in growth development or reproduction.Therefore,the regulation of several channels and receptors is the intrinsic molecular mechanism of rapid aging after spawning in S.japonica.This study revealed the survival strategy and provided fundamental data on the level of genes for understanding the reproductive behavior and the reproduction of S.japonica.

基于稀疏随机矩阵光场调制的高分辨高速多模光纤三维压缩感知成像

多模光纤内窥镜能在如发丝般纤细的探头上容纳数千个模式,在低侵入和高分辨在体成像方面具有广阔的应用前景.传统的点扫描成像方式速度受限,而基于散斑采样的压缩感知方法只能对二维稀疏样品成像.本文提出了一种在多模光纤中生成具有高正交性的分区域稀疏随机压缩感知采样矩阵的方法,在提升8倍采样速度的同时可对复杂样品进行高对比度成像.分区域采样方法的引入赋予了在各目标区域内对成像参数进行灵活调节的能力,既可以保证图像强度的均匀分布,又能提高图像的局部分辨率.结合并行计算,整个重构速度比传统方法提高了约10倍.基于三维稀疏随机采样和体重构算法,首次实现了对分布在100μm×100μm×200μm体积中的荧光颗粒的高保真度压缩感知成像,可以有效去除离焦面噪声的干扰.此方法为多模光纤内窥镜以微创或无创的方式对狭窄空间内动态过程的高速在体三维成像奠定了基础.