The IAA-and ABA-responsive transcription factor CgMYB58 upregulates lignin biosynthesis and triggers juice sac granulation in pummelo

In citrus,lignin overaccumulation in the juice sac results in granulation and an unpleasant fruit texture and taste.By integrating metabolic phenotyping and transcriptomic analyses,we found 702 differentially expressed genes(DEGs),including 24 transcription factors(TFs),to be significantly correlated with lignin content.CgMYB58 was further identified as a critical R2R3 MYB TF involved in lignin overaccumulation owing to its high transcript levels in Huanong Red-fleshed pummelo(HR,Citrus grandis)fruits.Transient expression of CgMYB58 led to an increase in the lignin content in the pummelo fruit mesocarp,whereas its stable overexpression significantly promoted lignin accumulation and upregulated 19 lignin biosynthetic genes.Among these genes,CgPAL1,CgPAL2,Cg4CL1,and CgC3H were directly modulated by CgMYB58 through interaction with their promoter regions.Moreover,we showed that juice sac granulation in pummelo fruits could be affected by indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)treatments.In HR pummelo,ABA significantly accelerated this granulation,whereas IAA effectively inhibited this process.Taken together,these results provide novel insight into the lignin accumulation mechanism in citrus fruits.We also revealed the theoretical basis via exogenous IAA application,which repressed the expression of CgMYB58 and its target genes,thus alleviating juice sac granulation in orchards.

The potential of carcinoembryonic antigen,p53,Ki-67 and glutathion Stransferase-π as clinico-histopathological markers for colorectal cancer

Objective： Colorectal cancer is one of the major contributors to cancer death worldwide. Lack of reliable colorectal cancer markers has hampered the management of these cancer patients. Our main purpose was to study the correlation between histopathological variables of colorectal adenocarcinomas and identify histopathological markers that are of prognostic value in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods： In the present study, we examined the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA）, p53, Ki-67 and glutathion Stransferase （GST） -n by using immunohistochemical staining methods in 126 colorectal carcinoma patients and evaluated the lymph node metastasis status in these patients by histopathological examination. Results： The positive rates of CEA, p53, Ki-67 and GST-π expression in the colorectal cancer tissue specimens examined were 95.23%, 55.56%, 53.38% and 82.30%, respectively. Expression of p53 and Ki-67 was significantly correlated with the Dukes stages of the tumor, with higher levels of these proteins in Dukes＇ C and D tumors than those in Dukes＇ A and B tumors. Furthermore, the expression of p53, GST-π and Ki-67 correlated with prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Additionally, the expression of p53 in colorectal cancer was closely related to the expression of Ki-67 and the expression of GST-π was directly correlated with that of p53. Conclusion： The expression of CEA, p53, Ki-67 and GST-π was correlated with various clinical features of patients with colorectal cancer. The combined use of these histopathological markers appeared to be a promising tool in predicting the prognosis of patients with this type of cancer.

基于正交质谱的N-糖组谱揭示哈夫病潜在病原学

食用煮熟的小龙虾可能导致哈夫病(HD),该病被认为是由不明毒素引起的,而病因尚不清楚。N-糖组的剖析将促进破译疾病的分子机制,而HD相关的糖基化从未被探索过。2019-2020年期间,本研究团队招募了来自武汉市疾病预防控制中心的90份HD患者和对照组血清样本。本文中,采用基于高通量的正交质谱对HD中血清和血清衍生的IgG的N-糖组谱进行了表征。数据显示,HD与总血清糖蛋白的核心岩藻糖基化和单半乳糖醇化升高有关。血清IgG水平是HD患者的良好指标。此外,IgG的差异半乳糖基化和唾液酸化与HD密切相关。值得注意的是,IgG1和IgG2的半乳糖基化和唾液酸化的变化具有亚类特异性。有意义的是,IgG2或IgG3/4的唾液酸化和半乳糖基化改变与HD的临床标志物密切相关。本研究表明差异化IgG N-糖基化与HD的关联,为这种罕见疾病的病因提供了新的见解。

ASPM在肺腺癌中的表达及其与肺腺癌的进展和预后关系的研究

背景与目的已有的研究表明人类异常纺锤体样小头畸形相关蛋白(abnormal spindle-likemicrocephalyassociated protein,ASPM)是一个与肿瘤发生发展相关的蛋白,ASPM的突变会导致常染色体隐性原发性小头畸形。本研究主要是探讨肺腺癌组织中的表达情况与肺癌进展和预后的关系。方法收集90例肺腺癌组织标本和对应的90例肺良性病变组织标本,应用免疫组织化学技术检测其中90对组织中ASPM的表达情况,应用实时荧光定量核酸扩增法和蛋白印迹法的方法检测其中12对组织中ASPM的表达情况。结果肺良性病变组织标本中ASPM表达为阴性,肺腺癌组织中ASPM的表达为阳性结果且表达水平均显著高于肺良性病变肺组织(P<0.05)。伴有淋巴结进展的肺腺癌中ASPM的表达水平与不伴有淋巴结进展的肺癌没有差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肿瘤大小≥4 cm的ASPM表达水平均显著高于肿瘤大小<4 cm(P<0.05)。分层分析结果表明T分期与ASPM表达层度相关(P<0.05)。肺腺癌组织中ASPM的高表达水平与不良预后呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论肺腺癌中ASPM的表达水平明显升高,且与肺腺癌的进展有密切关系。肺腺癌组织中ASPM的表达水平与不良预后呈正相关(P<0.05)。检测肺腺癌中ASPM的表达水平有助于提早的预测肺腺癌的预后。

Late anastomotic perforation following surgery for gastric neuroendocrine tumor complicated by perforated duodenal ulcer:a case report

Neuroendocrine tumors （NETs） are a group of neoplasms that are characterized by the secretion of a variety of hormones and diverse clinical syndromes. NETs are considered to be rare, but the incidence of NETs has increased rapidly in recent years. NETs provide a clinical challenge for physicians because they comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a wide range of morphological, functional, and behavioral characteristics. Subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction is the mainstay of therapy in the management of gastric NETs complicated by perforated duodenal ulcer. Late perforation of anastomotic stoma as a long-term complication has been rarely reported. Here, we report a case of anastomotic perforation 5 years after subtotal gastrectomy due to perforated duodenal ulcer and gastric NETs.

Laparoscopic abdomino-perineal resection for patients with anorectal malignant melanoma:a report of 4 cases

Anorectal malignant melanoma is a very rare but lethal disease. Patients with anorectal malignant melanoma commonly complain for changes in bowel habits and rectal bleeding. Therefore, anorectal malignant melanoma is often misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids, polyp or rectal cancer. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for patients with anorectal malignant melanoma. However, whether abdominoperineal resection or wide local excision is the most appropriate surgical approach is still a controversial issue. Recently, with the great development of laparoscopic techniques, more and more operations can be performed by laparoscopic techniques. However, laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for management of anorectal malignant melanoma has been rarely reported. In this study, we reported 4 patients with anorectal malignant melanoma underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection. The outcomes of these patients were relatively good during a long time follow-up. Meanwhile, we reviewed the relevant studies with particular focus surgical treatment.

Zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic study of Neoproterozoic granitic gneisses from the Alatage area, Xinjiang:constraints on the Precambrian crustal evolution in the Central Tianshan Block

The architecture and growth history of Precambrian crustal basements in the Central Tianshan Block play a key role in understanding the tectonic evolution of the Chinese Tianshan Orogenic Belt.In this study,we present precise LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating and LAMC-ICPMS zircon Hf isotopic data for two granitic gneisses from Alatage area in the Central Tianshan Block.The magmatic zircons from both samples yield similar protolith ages of 945±6 and 942±6 Ma,indicating that the early Neoproterozoic magmatism is prevailed in the Alatage area.These zircons have crustal Hf model ages of1.82–2.22 and 1.70–2.03 Ga,respectively,which are significantly older than their crystallization ages.It indicates that their parental magmas were derived from the reworking of ancient crust.However,we suggest that these Paleoproterozoic Hf model ages might result from mixing of continental materials with different ages in the Neoproterozoic crust.The inherited(detrital)zircon cores not only yield a wide age range of ca.989–1617 Ma,but also exhibit large Hf-isotope variations with Hf model ages of1.54–2.30 Ga.In particular,some 1.4–1.6 Ga zircons show high initial176Hf/177Hf ratios,consistent with those of depleted mantle,which indicates that the Mesoproterozoic event involved both reworking of older crust and generation of juvenile crust.The Central Tianshan Block has different Precambrian crustal growth history from the Tarim Craton.Therefore,it would not be a fragment of the Precambrian basement of the Tarim Craton.

The Origin and Tectonic Significance of the Volcanic Rocks of the Yeba Formation in the Gangdese Magmatic Belt, South Tibet

Zircon U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotope and whole-rock geochemistry were performed on the tuffs of the Yeba Formation in the Gangdese magmatic belt, South Tibet. The results are used to detail the age, source nature and tectonic processes that led to the formation of the Gangdese belt. Dating results indicate that the rhyolitic-andesitic tuffs were formed at 174–170 Ma. Positive and variable zircon ε_（Hf）（t） values of the rhyolitic tuffs reveal that the source was dominated by juvenile material, however, experienced crustal contamination. The basaltic tuffs have low HREEs, high contents of compatible elements（V and Cr） and no Eu anomaly. In contrast, the rhyolitic-andesitic tuffs show low compatible trace elements, depletion in Eu but enrichment in incompatible elements（Rb, Zr and Hf）. According to the discrimination diagrams of P_2O_5-SiO_2 and Th-Rb, the rhyolitic-andesitic tuffs show a close affinity to Ⅰ-type granitoids. Moreover, these tuffs are marked by significant depletion in Nb, Ta and Ti, plotted in calc-alkaline field, and with the andesitic-rhyolitic tuffs falling into an active continental margin setting. We suggest that these tuffs of the Yeba Formation were probably generated in an active continental margin above the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere.

Adaptive fault-tolerant control of high-speed maglev train suspension system with partial actuator failure: design and experiments

High-speed maglev trains will play an important role in the high-speed transportation system in the near future.However,under the conditions of strong magnetic fields and continuous operation,the actuators of the high-speed maglev train suspension system are prone to lose partial effectiveness,which makes the suspension control problem challenging.In addition,most existing fault-tolerant control(FTC)methods for suspension systems require linearization around the equilibrium points during the controller design or stability analysis.Therefore,from a practical perspective,this study presents a novel nonlinear FTC strategy with adaptive compensation for high-speed maglev train suspension systems.First,a nonlinear dynamic model of the suspension system based on join-structure is established and the actuator failures are described.Then,a nonlinear fault-tolerant suspension control law with an adaptive update law is designed to achieve stable suspension against partial actuator failure.The Lyapunov theory and extended Barbalat lemma are utilized to rigorously prove the closed-loop asymptotic stability even if there is partial actuator failure,without any approximation to the original nonlinear dynamics.Finally,hardware experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Classification method of cultivated land based on UAV visible light remote sensing

The accurate acquisition of the grain crop planting area is a necessary condition for realizing precision agriculture.UAV remote sensing has the advantages of low cost use,simple operation,real-time acquisition of remote sensor images and high ground resolution.It is difficult to separate cultivated land from other terrain by using only a single feature,making it necessary to extract cultivated land by combining various features and hierarchical classification.In this study,the UAV platform was used to collect visible light remote sensing images of farmland to monitor and extract the area information,shape information and position information of farmland.Based on the vegetation index,texture information and shape information in the visible light band,the object-oriented method was used to study the best scheme for extracting cultivated land area.After repeated experiments,it has been determined that the segmentation scale 50 and the consolidation scale 90 are the most suitable segmentation parameters.Uncultivated crops and other features are separated by using the band information and texture information.The overall accuracy of this method is 86.40%and the Kappa coefficient is 0.80.The experimental results show that the UAV visible light remote sensing data can be used to classify and extract cultivated land with high precision.However,there are some cases where the finely divided plots are misleading,so further optimization and improvement are needed.

A high-speed 2D optoelectronic in-memory computing device with 6-bit storage and pattern recognition capabilities

The explosively developed era of big-data compels the increasing demand of nonvolatile memory with high efficiency and excellent storage properties.Herein,we fabricated a high-speed photoelectric multilevel memory device for neuromorphic computing.The novel two-dimensional(2D)MoSSe with a unique Janus structure was employed as the channel,and the stack of Al_(2)O_(3)/black phosphorus quantum dots(BPQDs)/Al_(2)O_(3)was adopted as the dielectric.The storage performance of the resulting memory could be verified by the endurance and retention tests,in which the device could remain stable states of programming and erasing even after 1,000 cycles and 1,000 s.The multibit storage could be realized through both different voltage amplitudes and pulse numbers,which could achieve 6 bits(64 distinguishable levels)under pulse width of 50 ns.Furthermore,our memory device also could realize the simulations of synapses in human brain with optical and electric modulations synergistically,such as excitatory post-synaptic current(EPSC),long-term potentiation/depression(LTP/LTD),and spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP).Neuromorphic computing was successfully achieved through a high recognition of handwritten digits up to 92.5%after 103 epochs.This research is a promising avenue for the future development of efficient memory and artificial neural network systems.