致密砂砾岩成储界限及分级评价标准——以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷白垩系沙河子组为例

徐家围子断陷下白垩统沙河子组砂砾岩储层是松辽盆地深部重要的致密气藏储层,其孔渗关系复杂,给成储界限的厘定和储层分级评价带来挑战。针对沙河子组砂砾岩储层,采用水膜厚度法、充注动力法、试气产能法和力学平衡法厘定了理论下限、成藏下限、有效渗流下限和成储上限,根据不同成岩作用主控因素下的孔渗关系确定成储界限物性值。在此基础上,结合储层微观孔隙结构差异划分储层类型,建立致密储层分级评价标准,并利用测井资料将分级评价标准进行应用,为研究区致密气甜点区优选提供依据。将沙河子组砂砾岩分为常规储层、Ⅰ—Ⅳ级致密砂砾岩储层和非储层,成储界限与分级评价结果具有很好的匹配关系。其中,常规储层孔隙度大于9%,渗透率大于0.05×10^(-3)μm^(2);Ⅰ级致密储层孔隙度为8%~9%,渗透率为(0.01~0.05)×10^(-3)μm^(2);Ⅱ级致密储层孔隙度为5%~8%,渗透率为(0.001~0.01)×10^(-3)μm^(2);Ⅲ级致密储层孔隙度为3.5%~5%,渗透率为(0.2~1)×10^(-6)μm^(2);Ⅳ级致密储层孔隙度为2%~3.5%,渗透率为(0.05~0.2)×10^(-6)μm^(2);非储层的孔隙度小于2%,渗透率小于0.05×10^(-6)μm^(2)。致密砂砾岩气产量受控于致密储层类型;Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级致密储层是致密气高产的有利层段;徐家围子断陷北部安达—宋站地区有利储层厚度较大,为致密气勘探开发甜点区。

昆仑雪菊水溶性黄酮提取物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用

为探讨昆仑雪菊水溶性黄酮提取物(water soluble flavonoids from Coreopsis tinctoria flowers,CTWF)对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响,以SPF级昆明种小鼠为实验对象,随机分为正常组、衰老模型组、VE组(50 mg/(kg·d))和CTWF低、高剂量组(150、600 mg/(kg·d))。除正常组皮下注射生理盐水外,其余各组均注射D-半乳糖(300 mg/(kg·d)),连续42 d造模,注射1 h后,药物组分别灌胃VE和不同剂量CTWF,正常组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水。采用Morris水迷宫测试各组小鼠学习记忆能力,并测定小鼠脑组织乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,Ach)含量,乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AchE)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-Px)活力和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。结果表明:CTWF能够显著提升衰老模型小鼠的学习记忆能力(P<0.05),并显著提高脑组织SOD、GSH-Px活力和Ach含量(P<0.05),降低AchE活力和MDA含量(P<0.05)。因此,CTWF具有明显改善衰老模型小鼠学习记忆障碍的作用,其机制可能与提高脑组织胆碱能系统功能和减少自由基损伤有关。

食用菌功能活性蛋白通过TLRs信号通路的免疫调节作用研究进展

食用菌是含有多种生物活性物质的大型真菌,广泛分布于自然界中。许多研究表明,食用菌中的生物活性蛋白具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗菌等功能,尤其是免疫调节活性备受关注。Toll样受体(toll-like receptors,TLRs)信号通路能将细胞外的信号传递到免疫系统中,激活细胞内丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和核因子-κB信号通路。本文综述了食用菌中免疫调节蛋白、凝集素、核糖体失活蛋白、糖肽等生物活性蛋白通过TLRs信号通路调节机体免疫的作用机制,为深入了解食用菌活性蛋白的功能活性,开发食用真菌保健食品或药品提供参考。

昆仑胎菊水溶性黄酮提取工艺优化及其对衰老小鼠肝组织SIRT1、p53表达的影响

采用水溶剂法提取昆仑胎菊水溶性黄酮(water-solubleflavonoids from Coreopsis tinctoria buds,CBF)。在单因素试验的基础上,以提取液中总黄酮提取量为指标,响应面法优化得到CBF提取最优工艺:水提时间15 min、水提温度96℃、液料比71∶1(mL/g),在此条件下水溶性总黄酮提取量可达到145.45 mg/g。探讨CBF对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗衰老作用及其对衰老小鼠肝组织中沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)、p53蛋白表达的影响。以长期皮下注射D-半乳糖(300 mg/(kg·d))建立衰老小鼠模型,连续造模45 d,建模的同时分别灌胃VE(50 mg/(kg·d))、CBF(180、700 mg/(kg·d)),观察各组小鼠体质量变化及行为学状态,HE染色法观测肝组织病理形态学变化,并采用免疫印迹法评价衰老小鼠肝组织中SIRT1、p53蛋白的表达。结果表明,CBF对小鼠生长发育无不良影响且可改善衰老小鼠的行为状况;显著减轻D-半乳糖引起的肝组织病理学损伤;显著提升衰老小鼠肝组织中SIRT1蛋白表达(P<0.05),有效抑制D-半乳糖引起的p53蛋白过量表达(P<0.05)。结论:响应面法建立的回归数据模型优化得到的CBF水提取工艺条件实际有效,同时发现CBF具有良好的抗衰老作用,其作用机理可能与激活SIRT1/p53信号通路有关。

Experimental and clinical study of influence of high-frequency electric surgical knives on healing of abdominal incision

瞄准：在腹壁切口愈合上学习高周波的电的外科的刀的影响。方法：240 只白鼠被划分成 10 (0 ) ， 10 (2 ) ， 10 (5 ) ，并且 10 (8 ) 组和腹部手术的老鼠模型被分别地使用电的外科的刀和普通口针劝诱。然后，他们分别地被给生理盐水和 0.2 mL 的皮下注射在 10 的集中(2 ) 的埃希氏杆菌属关口 i，葡萄球菌 aureus 和绿脓假单胞菌的量的混合， 10 (5 ) 并且 10 (8 ) 。根据动物实验，经历腹部手术(上面的类型 II ) 的 220 个病人随机被分配进跟随三个组之一：电热刀(EK， 93 个盒子) ，电凝法(EC， 55 个盒子) 并且控制(72 个盒子) 。高周波的电的外科的刀习惯于为在 EK 的血壅滞的腹的纸巾和电凝法组织的 dissect。普通口针和电凝法在 EC 组被使用。普通口针和系住的丝缝线在控制被使用。结果：在除了组 10 的所有组(0 ) ，电的外科的刀做的 incisional 创伤的感染率与普通口针比那显著地高。而且，在组有有效差量 10 (2 ) ， 10 (5 ) ，并且 10 (8 )(P【0.05 ) ，然而并非(0 )(P】0.05 ) 在组， 10 在 EK 和 EC 之间组织。临床的研究显示出在控制组在 EK，在 EC 的 11 个盒子(16.36%) 和 2 个盒子(2.86%) 在 16 种情况(17.20%) 中愈合的一处推迟的创伤。在 EK 和控制之间的有效差量组织(chi2 = 8.57， P【0.01 ) ，并且在 EC 和控制组之间(chi2 = 5.66， P【0.05 ) 被观察，然而并非在 EK 和 EC 之间(chi2 = 0.017， P】0.05 ) 。结论：高周波的电的刀可以显著地推迟腹壁切口愈合。它的申请应该被最小化以便减少手术后的复杂并发症的可能性。

Genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P4502E1, alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Gansu Chinese males

AIM:To evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in CYP2E1, ALDH2 and ADH1B and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a high risk area of Gansu Province, in Chinese males. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes (CYP2E1 *c1/*c2, ALDH2 *1/*2 and ADH1B *1/*1 genotypes). A total of 80 esophageal cancer cases and 480 controls were recruited. RESULTS: Compared with controls, cases had a greater prevalence of heavier alcohol consumption (53.8% vs 16.2%) and a higher proportion of alcohol drinkers with > 30 drink-years (28.8% vs 13.5%). Heavier alcohol consumption and alcohol drinking with > 30 drink- years increased the risk of ESCC, with ORs (95% CI) of 3.20 (1.32-9.65) and 1.68 (0.96-3.21). CYP2E1 (*c1/*c1), ALDH2 (*1/*2) and ADH1B (*1/*1) genotype frequencies were higher among patients with squamous cell carcinomas, at a level close to statistical significance (P = 0.014; P = 0.094; P = 0.0001 respectively). There were synergistic interactions among alcohol drinking and ALDH2, ADH1B and CYP2E1 genotypes. The risk of the ESCC in moderate-to-heavy drinkers with an inactive ALDH2 encoded by ALDH2 *1/*2 as well as ADH1B encoded by ADH1B *1/*1 and CYP2E1 encoded by CYP2E1 *c1/*c1 was higher than that in the never/rare-to-light drinkers with an active ALDH2 (*1/*1 genotype) as well as ADH1B (*1/*2 + *2/*2) and CYP2E1 (*c1/*c2 + *c2/*c2) genotypes, with a statistically significant difference; ORs (95% CI) of 8.58 (3.28-22.68), 27.12 (8.52-70.19) and 7.64 (2.82-11.31) respectively. The risk of the ESCC in moderate-to-heavy drinkers with ALDH2 (*1/*2) combined the ADH1B (*1/*1) genotype or ALDH2 (*1/*2) combined the CYP2E1 (*c1/*c1) genotype leads to synergistic interactions, higher than drinkers with ALDH2 (*1/*1) + ADH1B (*1/*2 + *2/*2), ALDH2 (*1/*1) + CYP2E1 (*c1/*c2 + *c2/*c2) respectively , ORs (95% CI) of 7.46 (3.28-18.32) and 6.82 (1.44-9.76) respectively. Individuals with the ADH1B combined the CYP2E1 genotype showed no synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that alcohol consumption and polymorphisms in the CYP2E1, ADH1B and ALDH2 genes are important risk factors for ESCC, and that there was a synergistic interaction among polymorphisms in the CYP2E1, ALDH2 and ADH1B genes and heavy alcohol drinking, in Chinese males living in Gansu Province, China.

微波辅助蒸馏法提取藜蒿叶挥发油及其抑菌性研究

利用微波辅助蒸馏法提取藜蒿叶挥发油,以挥发油提取率为评价指标,通过单因素实验研究不同料液比、氯化钠添加量、浸泡时间、微波辐射时间对挥发油提取效果的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验优化其提取工艺条件。结果表明,微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取藜蒿叶挥发油的最佳工艺条件为:料液比(g/mL)为1∶10,氯化钠添加量为2.000 g,浸泡时间为60 min,微波辐射时间为15 min,在此最佳工艺条件下藜蒿叶挥发油的提取率为0.658%;体外抑菌实验结果显示藜蒿叶挥发油对2种受试菌(大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)的生长具有较明显的抑制作用,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为5%、10%。本研究可为其他植物来源挥发油的提取及其应用提供一定的参考。

Feedback Mechanism of Employment and Entrepreneurship of Poor College Students from the Perspective of Precision Poverty Alleviation

The employment problem of graduates has become a common problem faced by colleges and universities in the era of postpopularization of higher education. There are many factors that make it difficult for graduates to find jobs, such as the huge number of employees, the quality of graduates, the development of real economy, and the concept of graduates' choosing jobs, but the fundamental reason is the imbalance between supply and demand of talents. It is an important way for colleges and universities to promote full employment of graduates by establishing a feedback mechanism to track the employment of graduates, grasping the changes of poor talents and adjusting the process of talent training accordingly. And through entrepreneurship and employment to improve poverty, to achieve the goal of precise poverty alleviation.

Feedback Mechanism of Employment and Entrepreneurship of Poor College Students from the Perspective of Precision Poverty Alleviation

The employment problem of graduates has become a common problem faced by colleges and universities in the era of postpopularization of higher education. There are many factors that make it difficult for graduates to find jobs, such as the huge number of employees, the quality of graduates, the development of real economy, and the concept of graduates'choosing jobs, but the fundamental reason is the imbalance between supply and demand of talents. It is an important way for colleges and universities to promote full employment of graduates by establishing a feedback mechanism to track the employment of graduates, grasping the changes of poor talents and adjusting the process of talent training accordingly. And through entrepreneurship and employment to improve poverty, to achieve the goal of precise poverty alleviation.

GL(2)上p幂扭L函数的Weyl型混合界

设g是给定的具有任意级与邻类的全纯尖形式.设χ是模q=p^(γ)的本原特征.对于任意ε>0,本文证明了如下Weyl型混合亚凸界:L(1/2+it,g■χ)■_(g,p,ε)((1+|t|)q)^(1/3+ε).

2010-2020年新疆梅毒报告病例流行病学特征分析

目的分析新疆2010-2020年梅毒流行病学特征,为梅毒防治工作提供依据。方法使用描述流行病学方法对发病日期为2010年1月1日至2020年12月31日的新疆梅毒病例个案数据和统计数据进行分析。结果2010-2020年,新疆梅毒报告发病率总体呈波动上升趋势,报告发病率从50.18/10万上升到67.29/10万。一期、二期、三期、胎传梅毒报告发病率逐年下降,其中一期梅毒和胎传梅毒下降较明显,分别年均下降11.40%、17.75%。隐性梅毒报告病例数逐年增长,年均增长13.31%,隐性梅毒报告发病数占全部梅毒构成比由2010年的40.62%增长至2020年的86.24%。新疆各地区均有梅毒病例报告,各地区报告发病率差异较大,其中阿克苏和喀什地区为高发地区,占全疆报告病例数的46.79%;男女性别比为0.92∶1~1∶1;15~44岁女性报告发病率大于男性、≥45岁组男性发病率大于女性。男性、女性报告发病率有两个高峰,分别为25~34岁和50岁及以上年龄组。一二期梅毒高峰在20~34岁之间,并逐年下降,50岁及以上年龄组逐年下降较明显。报告病例职业分布以农民为主,占42.34%~59.61%,其次是家务及待业人员占12.41%~14.50%。结论新疆一期、二期梅毒和胎传梅毒逐年下降,提示疫情得到了一定程度遏制。但每年仍有一定数量报告梅毒病例,表明梅毒依然是新疆主要的公共卫生问题之一。梅毒发病有年轻化趋势,青年、老年人和农民人群是重点宣传和教育人群。

Melanin nanoparticles alleviate sepsis-induced myocardial injury by suppressing ferroptosis and inflammation

Myocardial injury as one of the severe complications leads to the increasing morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis.Recent studies reported that reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated ferroptosis plays a critical role in the development of heart diseases.Therefore,we hypothesized that anti-ferroptosis agent might be a novel potential therapeutic strategy for sepsis-induced cardiac injury.Herein,we demonstrated that a small biocompatible and MRI-visible melanin nanoparticles(MMPP)improves myocardial function by inhibiting ROS-related ferroptosis signaling pathway.In LPS-induced murine sepsis model,after a single dose intravenously injection of MMPP treatment,MMPP markedly alleviated the myocardial injury including cardiac function and heart structure disorder through suppressing iron-accumulation induced ferroptosis.In vitro,MMPP inhibited cardiomyocyte death by attenuating oxidative stress,inflammation and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.Collectively,our findings demonstrated that MMPP protected heart against sepsis-induced myocardial injury via inhibiting ferroptosis and inflammation,which might be a novel therapeutic approach in future.

Improvement in shape control performance of finishing mills in endless rolling production line

Donghua steel continuous casting-rolling(DSCCR)production line is an endless rolling production line independently integrated and developed by a Chinese enterprise.To solve the problem of out-of-control shape caused by insufficient adjustment ability of work roll bending force of DSCCR finishing mills,the backup roll contours of the finishing mill were optimized considering multi-objectives,and varying contact length backup roll(VCR)contours matching the concave work rolls were designed based on the rapid rolls-strip deformation calculation model,which integrated the elastic deformation of the rolls and the fast plastic deformation of the rolled strip.The simulation results showed that VCR configuration can significantly enhance the control efficiency of the work roll bending force and increase the transverse stiffness of rolling mill compared with the conventional roll configuration.In addition,VCR backup roll can improve the contact state between backup roll and work roll.The industrial production showed that the bending force setup value was more reasonable and the strip crown control accuracy was improved.

新疆伊犁州艾滋病治疗患者耐药分析

目的了解新疆伊犁州抗病毒治疗患者耐药状况。方法选择HIV在治患者病毒载量>1 000拷贝/ml的样本1 137份,HIV-1基因型耐药检测方法,用in-house套式聚合酶链反应扩增HIV pol区基因,用Chromas Pro软件进行序列拼接分析,进入Stanford HIV耐药数据库序列结果比对,获得耐药位点和耐药程度分析结果。结果 1 137例患者中有399例对任何药物都未产生耐药,至少对一种蛋白酶抑制剂耐药的人数占6.16%;至少对一种核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药的人数占23.39%;至少对一种非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药的人数占44.86%。结论及时检测HIV-1耐药突变,不间断地对患者进行服药依从教育尤为重要。

病毒载量低于1000 copy/ml的HIV患者耐药检测结果分析

目的通过对部分低病毒载量人群的耐药分析,了解HIV患者中低病毒载量人群的耐药状况。方法选择2019年6月—2020年6月病毒载量低于1000 copy/ml正在治疗的患者的血浆87份,对其一般流行病学调查,完成HIV病毒载量检测、用in-house的方法完成HIV-1基因型耐药检测,通过专业软件对序列拼接、分析比对,完成耐药序列比对和基因亚型分析。结果87份低病毒载量人群中成功获得14份序列,其中4例产生不同程度的耐药,耐药率为4.6%。通过对亚型的分析显示,新疆仍然以CRF07-BC亚型为主要亚型,但已呈现复杂性,主要亚型依次为CRF07-BC亚型(12例,85.7%)、B亚型(1例,7.1%)、CRF01-AE亚型(1例,7.1%)。结论HIV低病毒载量人群由于没有得到及时的耐药检测,会仍然沿用当前的治疗方案,不仅治疗没有好的效果,可能对后续的家庭生活和社会效应方面也会有一些负面影响。呼吁加强艾滋病患者治疗前耐药检测,有的放矢地开展HIV抗病毒治疗非常有必要。

AtPEPTIDE RECEPTOR_2 mediates the AtPEPTIDE1‐induced cytosolic Ca^(2+) trise, which is required for the suppression of Glutamine Dumper gene expression in Arabidopsis roots

AtPEPTIDE RECEPTOR2 （AtPEPR2） is a member of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase family and binds to a group of AtPROPEP gene-encoded endogenous peptides, AtPeps. Previously, we found that AtPEPR2 plays a moderate role in the AtPep1-mediated innate immunity responses in Arabidopsis leaf. In this study, we found that AtPEPR2 promoter has strong activity in the vascular tissues of the roots and the atpepr2 mutants showed a moderate but significantly shorter root phenotype. AtPEPR2 partial y mediated AtPep1-induced root elongation inhibition. AtPep1-triggered cytosolic Ca2t transient rise in roots showed partial dependence on AtPEPR2 and ful y on extracellular Ca2t （[Ca2t]ext）. Transcriptional profiling analysis found that expression of 75% of AtPep1-modulated genes in roots was ful y dependent on AtPEPR2, of which two dramatical y induced genes showed partial dependence on the [Ca2t]ext. Arabidopsis genome contains seven Glutamine Dumpers genes （AtGDUs）, encoding amino acid exporters. Three of them （AtGDU2, 3, 5） were among the top 10 genes that were＆amp;nbsp;downregulated by AtPep1 through AtPEPR2 ful y dependent pathway. Treatment with AtPep1 strongly suppressed pro-moter activity of AtGDU3 in roots, which was relieved by chelating [Ca2t]ext. Arabidopsis overexpressing AtGDU3 showed a shorter root phenotype and decreased sensitivity to the AtPep1-mediated inhibition of root elongation. Taken together, this study demonstrated a significant role of AtPEPR2 in the AtPep1-mediated signaling in the roots.

Arabidopsis ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 is involved in nitrogen starvation-induced anthocyanin accumulation

Anthocyanin accumulation is a common phenomenon seen in plants under environmental stress. In this study,we identified a new allele of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3（RHD3）showing an anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype under nitrogen starvation conditions. It is known that ethylene negatively regulates light- and sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. We hypothesized that RHD3 achieves its negative effect on anthocyanin biosynthesis via an ethylene-regulating pathway. In support of this, similar to rhd3 mutants, the Arabidopsis ethylene signaling mutants etr1, ein2, and ein3/eil1 showed an anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype under nitrogen starvation conditions. The ethylene precursor ACC strongly suppressed anthocyanin accumulation, dependent on ETR1, EIN2, EIN3/EIL1, and, partially, RHD3. In addition,inactivating RHD3 partially reversed the suppressive effect of ETO1 inactivation-evoked endogenous ethylene production on anthocyanin accumulation. The expression of nitrogen starvation-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis genes was negatively regulated by RHD3, but ethylene response genes were Researchpositively regulated by RHD3. Wild-type seedlings overexpressing RHD3 showed similar phenotypes to rhd3 mutants,indicating the existence of a fine-tuned relationship between gene expression and function. RHD3 was initially identified as a gene involved in root hair development. This study uncovered a new physiological function of RHD3 in nitrogen starvationinduced anthocyanin accumulation and ethylene homeostasis.

Arabidopsis transcriptional response to extracellular Ca^(2+) depletion involves a transient rise in cytosolic Ca^(2+)

Ecological evidence indicates a worldwide trend of dramatically decreased soil Ca2＋ levels caused by increased acid deposition and massive timber harvesting. Little is known about the genetic and cellular mechanism of plants＇ responses to Ca2＋ depletion. In this study, transcriptional profiling analysis helped identify multiple extracellular Ca2＋ （[Ca2＋]ext） depletion-responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana L., many of which are involved in response to other environmental stresses. Interestingly, a group of genes encoding putative cytosolic Ca2＋ （[Ca2＋]cyt） sensors were significantly upregulated, implying that [Ca2＋]cyt has a role in sensing [Ca2＋]ext depletion. Consistent with this observation, [Ca2＋]ext depletion stimulated a transient rise in [Ca2＋]cyt that was negatively influenced by [K＋]ext, suggesting the involvement of a membrane potential-sensitive component. The [Ca2＋]cyt response to [Ca2＋]ext depletion was significantly desensitized after the initial treatment, which is typical of a receptor-mediated signaling event. The response was insensitive to an animal Ca2＋ sensor antagonist, but was suppressed by neomycin, an inhibitor of phospholipase C. Gd3＋, an inhibitor of Ca2＋ channels, suppressed the [Ca2＋]ext-triggered rise in [Ca2＋]cyt and downstream changes in gene expression. Taken together, this study demonstrates that [Ca2＋]cyt plays an important role in the putative receptor-mediated cellular and transcriptional response to [Ca2＋]ext depletion of plant cells.

Engineering lattice defects in 2D nanomaterials for enhancing biomedical performances

2D nanomaterials are widely investigated for biomedical applications,attributed to their large specific surface area,high therapeutic loading capacity,and unique optical,thermal,and/or electronic characteristics.Lattice defects affect the theranostic performance of 2D nanomaterials significantly by altering their electronic properties and chemical binding.Recent investigations have shown that defect-rich 2D nanomaterials are capable of enhancing tumor treatment through efficient drug delivery,photothermal and photodynamic therapies(PTT and PDT),and improving diagnostics via computed tomography(CT),photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging.This review summarizes recent progresses,including synthesis,characterization approach,and applications of defect-engineered 2D nanomaterials that are potentially useful in cancer treatment.The expert opinions are also proposed as the conclusion.