High formability Mg-Zn-Gd wire facilitates ACL reconstruction via its swift degradation to accelerate intra-tunnel endochondral ossification

After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,Magnesium-Zinc-Gadolinium(ZG21)wires are developed to bunch the tendon graft for matching the bone tunnel during transplantation.Microstructure,tensile strength,degradation,and cytotoxicity of ZG21 wire are evaluated.The rabbit model is used for assessing the biological effects of ZG21 wire by Micro-CT,histology,and mechanical test.The SEM/EDS,immunochemistry,and in vitro assessments are performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.Material tests demonstrate the high formability of ZG21 wire as surgical suture.Micro-CT shows ZG21 wire degradation accelerates tunnel bone formation,and histologically with earlier and more fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface.The mechanical test shows higher ultimate load in the ZG21 group.The SEM/EDS presents ZG21 wire degradation triggered calcium phosphate(Ca-P)deposition.IHC results demonstrate upregulation of Wnt3a,BMP2,and VEGF at the early phase and TGFβ3 and Type II collagen at the late phase of healing.In vitro tests also confirmed the Ca-P in the metal extract could elevate the expression of Wnt3a,βcatenin,ocn and opn to stimulate osteogenesis.Ex vivo tests of clinical samples indicated suturing with ZG21 wire did not weaken the ultimate loading of human tendon tissue.In conclusion,the ZG21 wire is feasible for tendon graft bunching.Its degradation products accelerated intra-tunnel endochondral ossification at the early healing stage and therefore enhanced bone-tendon interface healing in ACL reconstruction.

气浮+UASB+两级AO组合工艺对肠衣废水处理的工程应用

江苏省某生物科技有限公司肠衣废水处理站一期设计处理规模为1250 m^(3)/d,主体工艺采用气浮+上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)+两级AO组合工艺,出水水质要求达到《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962—2015)的A级标准。工程实践结果表明,该工艺各个功能单元运行状态良好、出水水质稳定达标,出水COD_(Cr)、TN、氨氮、TP平均质量浓度分别为198、22、1.0、5.7 mg/L,检测指标满足出水水质要求,其中预处理单元有效降低废水污染物负荷在52.2%及以上。文中介绍了肠衣废水处理系统的工艺流程、主要构筑物和设备参数,并对运行成本进行了总结,可供同类工程设计参考。

牛奶清洗废水作为潜在碳源的纳管准入评估

国家鼓励和支持可生化性好的食品废水根据评估结果放宽纳管标准,作为污水处理厂的碳源使用。研究以某牛奶加工企业清洗废水为例,从该废水的污染物降解、作为碳源的效果、生物抑制性等方面分析放宽纳管标准的可行性。结果表明,该牛奶清洗废水具有高碳、低氮磷的特性,其综合反硝化速率达到5.9 mg NO_(3)^(-)-N/(g VSS·h),具备作为碳源的潜力,且对下游污水处理厂无明显生物毒性。因此,该废水的接入可以代替少部分商用碳源,具有经济、环境的双重效益。研究所建立的方法体系对于同类型废水的评估鉴定具有一定的指导意义。

基于学科能力视角的高考化学命题研究

以化学学科能力模型为理论依据,通过分析2018年高考化学试题对化学学科能力的考查情况,提出优化试题命制的建议:关注对学习理解能力的考查,落实基础性要求;理解创新意识和创新能力的内涵实质,探索考查的有效途径和策略;设计开放性试题,按能力层级多级赋分,实施精准评价。

学科能力发展评学教系统的建设与应用模式研究

新兴信息技术和学科教学的深入融合以促进学生学科能力和素养的发展,成为基础教育研究的热点之一。该文探讨"智慧学伴"中学科能力发展评学教系统建设的理论框架,从学科能力发展目标的精准确定、学科能力表现的在线诊断与分析、学科能力发展资源的精准和个性化推荐三个方面论述"智慧学伴"对促进学生学科能力发展的教与学具有支撑作用。通过教学实践,提出基于"智慧学伴"促进学生学科能力发展的自主学习和课堂教学应用模式。初三化学"质量守恒定律"新授课教学实践案例研究表明,该课堂教学应用模式能够有效促进学生学科能力的发展,实现学科能力评学教一体化。

Glypican-3 expression and its relationship with recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation

AIM:To investigate the diagnostic value of glypican-3(GPC3) and its relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation.METHODS:HCC tissue samples(n = 31) obtained from patients who had undergone liver transplantation were analyzed.GPC3 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.Correlation between the GPC3 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed.The potential prognostic value of GPC3 was investigated by comparing recurrence-free survival between HCC patients with and without GPC3 expression.RESULTS:Using a cutoff value of 3.5 × 10-2,20 of 31 cancerous tissues had expression values of > 3.5 × 10-2,whereas 3 of 31 adjacent non-neoplastic parenchyma and 0 of 20 control liver tissues had expression values of > 3.5 × 10-2(P < 0.001).GPC3 protein was immunoexpressed in 68% of cancerous tissues,but not in adjacent non-neoplastic parenchyma and control liver tissues.Vascular invasion was significantly related to GPC3 expression(P < 0.05).Recurrence-free survival was significantly longer for patients without GPC3 mRNA overexpression(> 3.5 × 10-2) and those without vascular invasion(P < 0.05 for both).CONCLUSION:GPC3 expression may serve as a valuable diagnostic marker for HCC.GPC3 mRNA overexpression may be an adverse indicator for HCC patients after liver transplantation.

Cancer stem-like cells directly participate in vasculogenic mimicry channels in triple-negative breast cancer

Objective: Vasculogenic mimicry(VM) channels that are lined by tumor cells are a functional blood supply in malignant tumors.However, the role of VM-initiating cells remains poorly understood. Cancer stem-like cells(CSCs) are positively correlated with VM. In this study, triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) enriched with CSCs was used to investigate the relationship between VM and CSCs.Methods: The expression of several CSC markers was detected by immunohistochemistry in 100 human breast cancer samples.The clinical significance of CSC markers and the relationship between VM, CSCs, breast cancer subtypes, and VM-associated proteins were analyzed. CD133+ and ALDH+ human and mouse TNBC cells were isolated by FACS to examine the ability of VM formation and the spatial relationship between VM and CSCs.Results: CSCs were associated with TNBC subtype and VM in human invasive breast cancer. CSCs in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells formed more VM channels and expressed more molecules promoting VM than the non-TNBC MCF-7 cells in vitro. MDA-MB-231 cells that encircled VM channels on Matrigel expressed CD133. Moreover, CSCs were located near VM channels in the 3D reconstructed blood supply system in human TNBC grafts. The CD133+ and ALDH+ cells isolated from TA2 mouse breast cancer formed more VM channels in vivo.Conclusions: CSCs line VM channels directly. Additionally, CSCs provide more VM-related molecules to synergize VM formation. The signaling pathways that control CSC differentiation may also be potential treatment targets for TNBC.

EXPRESSION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SURVIVIN mRNA IN LUNG CANCER TISSUE MICROARRAY DETECTED BY FISH

Objective To investigate the expression of Survivin mRNA in lung cancer tissue microarray （TMA） by fluorescence in .situ hybridization （FISH） method, and determine the role and significance of it in lung cancer genesis and progress. Methods The expression of Survivin mRNA was detected by FISH method and TMA technology. Fifty-four cases of lung cancer and 10 cases of normal lung tissue were examined. Survivin mRNA was expressed in 66.7% （36/54） of lung cancer; the positive ratio of lung cancer was significantly higher than that of normal lung tissue （0/10;X^2= 15.238, P 〈 0.05）. The positive ratio of Survivin mRNA was significantly higher in poor differentiated cancer （20/24, 83.3% ） than moderate and well differentiated cancer （16/30, 53.3%; X^2 = 5.40, P 〈 0.05）. The positive ratio of Survivin mRNA was significantly higher in group with lymph node metastasis （27/32, 84.4%） than without lymph node metastasis （9/22, 40.9%; X^2= 11.084, P 〈 0.05）. The positive ratio of Survivin mRNA was significantly higher in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ（12/13, 92.3%） than stage Ⅰ- Ⅱ （24/41,58.5%; X^2=5.066, P〈 0.05）. Conclusion Survivin mRNA highly expresses in lung cancer, which is related to the progress and malignant behavior. Survivin may play a promoting role in lung cancer genesis and progress and provide a basis for estimating prognosis and treatment.

A rapid micro-magnetic resonance imaging scanning for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerve fascicles

The most common methods for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerve fascicles include histological and radiology techniques. Histological techniques have many drawbacks including an enormous manual workload and poor image registration. Micro-magnetic resonance imaging（Micro-MRI）, an emerging radiology technique, has been used to report results in the brain, liver and tumor tissues. However, micro-MRI usage for obtaining intraneural structures has not been reported. The aim of this study was to present a new imaging method for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerve fascicles by ~1T micro-MRI. Freshly harvested sciatic nerve samples from an amputated limb were divided into four groups. Two different scanning conditions（Mannerist Solution/GD-DTPA contrast agent, distilled water） were selected, and both T1 and T2 phases programmed for each scanning condition. Three clinical surgeons evaluated the quality of the images via a standardized scale. Moreover, to analyze deformation of the two-dimensional image, the nerve diameter and total area of the micro-MRI images were compared after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results show that rapid micro-MRI imaging method can be used for three-dimensional reconstruction of the fascicle structure. Nerve sample immersed in contrast agent（Mannerist Solution/GD-DTPA） and scanned in the T1 phase was the best. Moreover, the nerve sample was scanned freshly and can be recycled for other procedures. MRI images show better stability and smaller deformation compared with histological images. In conclusion, micro-MRI provides a feasible and rapid method for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerve fascicles, which can clearly show the internal structure of the peripheral nerve.

Two new triterpenes from Duchesnea indica

Two new triterpenes, 2α,3β-dihydroxyurs- 12-en- 18,19-epoxy-28-oic acid （1） and 18,19-seco, 2α, 2α-dihydroxyl-19-oxo-urs- 11,13（18）-dien-28-oic acid （2） were isolated from the herbaceous part of Duchesnea indica. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR technique. The isolated compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against HeLa and L929 cell lines.

Scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity of Actinidia chinensis populations in China

Spatial scale partly explains the differentiated effects of habitat fragmentation on plant biodiversity,but the mechanisms remain unclear.To investigate the effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity at different scales,we sampled Actinidia chinensis Planch.at broad and fine scales,China.The broad-scale sampling included five mountain populations and one oceanic island population(Zhoushan Archipelago),and the fine-scale sampling covered 11 lake islands and three neighboring land populations in Thousand-Island Lake(TIL).These populations were genotyped at 30 microsatellite loci,and genetic diversity,gene flow,and genetic differentiation were evaluated.Genetic differentiation was positively related to geographical distance at the broad scale,indicating an isolation-bydistance effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity.The oceanic population differed from the mainland populations and experienced recent bottleneck events,but it showed high gene flow with low genetic differentiation from a mountain population connected by the Yangtze River.At the fine scale,no negative genetic effects of habitat fragmentation were found because seed dispersal with water facilitates gene flow between islands.The population size of A.chinensis was positively correlated with the area of TIL islands,supporting island biogeography theory,but no correlation was found between genetic diversity and island area.Our results highlight the scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity and the importance of connectivity between island-like isolated habitats at both the broad and fine scales.

Studies on the Voltammetric Behavior of Nicardipine Hydrochloride and its Voltammetric Determination at the Co/GC Modified Electrode

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Two New Triterpenes from Astilbe chinensis

Two new triterpenoids, 3β, 6β, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid and 3β-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid, as well as three known triterpenoids were isolated from ~e rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. These compounds showed Anti-cancer activities.

Targeting CC Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) for Cancer Skeletal Metastasis

Prostate, breast, and lung cancer preferentially metastasize to bone resulting in bone lesions and thus high mortality. However, the

A novel chalcone derivative from Onychium japonicum

A novel chalcone derivative was isolated from Onychium japonicum and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods.The isolated compound showed cytotoxic activity against the human carcinoma cell lines Hela and BEL-7402 in vitro.

Coactivator p100 protein enhances histone acetyltransferase activity of CBP

Human p100 protein consists of four repeated domains of staphylococcal nuclease （SN）-like domain, as well as a tudor （TD） domain thereafter. We have previously shown that the SN-like domain of p100 interacted with STAT6 and the large subunit of RNA pol Ⅱ , resulting in the enhancement of STAT6-mediated gene transcriptional activation. Here, we show that SN-like domain also interacted with CREB binding protein （CBP） and directly enhanced the acetyl transferase activity of CBP on histone. On the other hand, overexpression of CBP alone had no ability to significantly increase STAT6- dependent transcriptional activation, however, together with p100 protein, sufficiently enhanced the activation of transcription which was in line with the previous result that p100 protein bridged STAT6 with CBP.

Expression of Preprotachykinin-I (PPT-I), Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) and Neurokinin-2 (NK-2) in Breast Cancer Cells Improves Tumor Cell Survival in Bone Marrow in the Early Stage of Metastasis

OBJECTIVE To study the potential relationship between the expression of PPT-I, NK-1, NK2 and the development of breast cancer cells in bone marrow stroma and to provide evidence of potential molecular mechanisms of breast cancer patients. of bone metastasis in early stage METHODS The cocultures of breast cancer cell line T-47D and marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （MSC） were established with equal numbers. T-47D cells were separated from the coculture system at 48 h and 96 h after coculture by MACS magnetic cell sorting （MicroBeads）. The expression of PPT-I, NK-1, NK-2 in T-47D was then examined before and after coculture by real-time PCR and by Western blot. Alterations in cellular ultrastructure of T-47D cells were detected before and after coculture under electron microscope. Finally, changes in cell cycle distribution were examined by flow cytometry, and growth curves from before and after coculture were drawn and analyzed. RESULTS Following coculture of T-47D and MSC, the expression of PPT-I mRNA and protein was significantly upregulated, while the expression of NK-1 and NK-2 mRNA and protein was greatly downregulated. The analysis of cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry showed that the proportion of T-47D during S phase was increased, and the duration of the G2/M phase was sharply decreased. Under electron microscope, we observed that the synthesis of hereditary material was increased, but the hepatin granules were shown prominent stacking in T-47D cells. These results suggest that although the synthesis of DNA was increased, the proliferation of cells was inhibited after coculture. The cell growth curve confirmed the findings from the observation under the electron microscope and flow cytometry. CONCLUSION Tumor cells could survive through the upregulation in expression of preprotachykinin-I gene during early bone metastasis in breast cancer. The phenomenon of growth suppression in breast cancer cells after coculture in the current study could be induced by downregulation in expression of NK-1 and NK-2.

Down-Regulation of CXCR4 Expression by siRNA Inhibits Invasive Ability of Breast Cancer Cells

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficiency of gene silencing by CXCR4- siRNAs （small interfering RNA）, and to examine the invasive ability and the expression of other metastatic-associated genes in siRNA-treated breast cancer cells.METHODS Three siRNAs were designed and cloned into the pSilenc ^TM 3.1-H1 neo vector. The reconstructed plasmids were purified and transfected into the T47D breast cancer cell line, which highly expressed CXCR4. The amount of CXCR4 expression in the transfected cells was measured by flow cytometry and Real-time PCR. Cell invasive ability was evaluated using 24-well Matrigel invasion chambers. In addition, the expression of other metastatic-associated genes, such as E-cad, IGFBP-5, FN and MMP-2, was assessed by Real-time PCRRESULTS The suppression rates of CXCR4 mRNA expression reached 95.7%, 85.9% and 98.3%compared with control-siRNA cells in the 3 CXCR4- siRNA T47D cells respectively. FCM assays for CXCR4 protein expression showed a similar inhibitory effect. The invasion indexes of these CXCR4- siRNA cells were 0.037, 0.290 and 0.188 respectively compared with control- siRNA cells. After treatment of the cells with CXCR4-siRNA, the expression of E-cad showed an upward tendency and that of IGFBP-5 had a downward trend, while alteration in expression of FN and MMP2 varied without a consistant effect.CONCLUSION CXCR4 plays an important role in modulating migra- tion of human breast cancer cells. Small interfering RNA can significantly silence the CXCR4 gene in the human T47D breast cancer cell line. The results of this study strengthen the need for further research on novel gene therapy against breast cancer metastasis.

市场择时假说在中国上市公司中的实证检验

基于2007-2016年中国上市公司的相关数据,主要研究了公司管理层是否会利用市场的错误定价,捕捉市场时机来进行股债融资选择。实证结果表明,在控制外部融资水平和企业投资活动的前提下,使用盈利公告日收益和分析师预测误差能较好地检验市场择时假说。具体来说,当公司股权融资率越高时,股票的盈利公告收益率越低且分析师对长期收益率的预测误差也更大,验证了市场择时假说。进一步控制研发支出后,对公司未来一年股票收益与股权融资率的相关关系进行检验时,也发现了符合市场择时假说的证据。

二维圆盘中不同外场对等离激元激发的影响

基于自由电子气体模型和无规相近似下的线性响应理论,我们研究了二维圆盘中的等离激元。借助能量损耗谱和电荷分布,不同外场对等离激元模式的影响被获得。结果显示:均匀电场只能激发偶极等离激元,而非均匀电场既可激发偶极等离激元,也可激发四极等离激元。